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a cell that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body and that is the basic unit of the nervous system.  - Merriam Webster dictionary

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1. CELL BODY: central part is the soma which contains the nucleus;

2. DENDRITE: extensions, branches or points extending out of the cell body, where chemical messages from other neurons are received.

3. AXON: extension different from other cells; transmits an electrochemical signal to other neurons, sometimes at a considerable distance;

4. MYELIN: thin coating that covers the axons; a series of cells that surround the axon; its function is as a covering for the electric impulses;

5. NODE OF RANVIER: space between myelin coating on neuron's axon; in ranvier nodes, electricity can be conducted inside the cell & the electrical signal is propagated by the axon;

6. AXON TERMINAL: where the electrochemical signal that has travelled the length of the axon becomes a chemical message that travels to the next neuron;

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Parts of a Neuron

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- receive signals
- integrate received signals (filter)
- communicate signals to target cells

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1. SENSORY: nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/sensory_neuron.htm

2. MOTOR: (also called motoneurons) are efferent neurons that originate in the spinal cord and synapse with muscle fibers to facilitate muscle contraction and with muscle spindles to modify proprioceptive sensitivity.
www.sciencedaily.com/terms/motor_neuron.htm

3. INTERNEURON: a neuron between the primary afferent neuron and the final motor neuron (motoneuron).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/interneuron

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1. MULTIPOLAR: A typical multipolar cell has an ovoid shaped cell body from which several primary dendrites arise.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/multipolar-neuron

2. BIPOLAR:

3. UNIPOLAR:

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Basic Neuron Types - Classification by STRUCTURE

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Types of Neurons - Classification by FUNCTIONS

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Synaptic cleft is the space between two neurons, through which vesicles called neurotransmitters travel, carrying information from one neuron to another.

These neurotransmitters are the most important element throughout this information transmission process.

Neurons purpose to receive, filter and communicate information throughout the CNS would become ineffective without the efficient work done by neurotransmitters.