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Recorders are easy to use and it means that less experienced birders can help collect data. Identify how this can help conserve bird species?

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Not all sites are easy for humans to access and while they need to access them for set up, checking every day is not always easy. As the seasons change, a site might be more difficult to reach. What else could make a site not easy to access?

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The AUDs can be used to record at night which helps to learn more about nocturnal animals or even during the day record a sound of a rare species. Humans usually have busy schedules and cannot dedicate the same amount of time to making observations. Remember that the human point count is only five minutes!

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There are some Low Cost Recorders (LCR) that cost as little as $10 and were shown to be effective when compared to higher cost AUDs. Miss Baldacci's recorder cost $60 in 2011.  Grants are used to help pay for restoration costs. How can LCR help restoration projects?

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Data can be stored for long term which can help reveal patterns in how species numbers change over time. It also means that the recordings can be analyzed or listened to by other scientists. What would be good about having more than one person listen to the recording?

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These are recorders that can be set on timers to collect data without a human observer.

Swift, pictured below, is a recorder used by the Cornell Ornithology Lab. http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/swift/

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Make sure to follow the arrows and answer the questions on your worksheet.

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How do audio recorders compare to human ears?

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How do audio recorders compare to human ears?

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Scientists have researched the effectiveness of using recording devices to gather data using bird sounds compared to human observers ⁶. Follow BOTH paths to learn about the benefits and limitations of using audio recorders to identify bird sounds.

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Try it out! Play the Bird Song Hero Game from The Cornell Lab of Ornithology

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Try it out! Play the Bird Song Hero Game from The Cornell Lab of Ornithology

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What can you learn from a spectrogram?
What was your score?
What skills do you need to be a good birder?
List your favorite bird sound!
What was challenging about the game?

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Bird Song Hero - The Cornell Lab of Ornithology

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The sound matching game that teaches you how to visualize bird song.

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Can bird sounds be identified without technology?

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Can bird sounds be identified without technology?

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Experienced birders can identify birds using their EARS! To collect data, they use their eyes and ears to count birds in a point count or transect survey. They walk along a set path for five minutes and record what birds are present. Most record their data using phone apps like eBird. Explain the differences between point count and transect count monitoring.
http://www.bcnbirds.org/monprotocol.html

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Identify three interesting facts about Sandhill Cranes (Grus Canadensis)

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Standing a regal four feet tall and boasting wingspans of more than six feet, there is evidence that cranes as the oldest known bird species surviving on Earth.

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birders- hobby
scientists- learn about species
land managers- make sure habitat is suited for birds
conservationists- make sure species are breeding

Bird Data in Action!
Orland Grassland was named an Important Bird Area for the Henslow's Sparrow! Explain how volunteers help out at Orland Grassland.
https://www.orlandgrassland.org/volunteer

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Photo via <a href="https://www.goodfreephotos.com/">Good Free Photos</a>

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This species was identified by Forest Preserve Stewards during a restoration project. What else is needed since the recorder does not identify the birds, just records the sound?

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Birds make vocal and nonvocal sounds! https://www.thespruce.com/what-types-of-sounds-do-birds-make-387332
Identify the five types of vocal sounds and provide a simple definition.

Below is a picture of peafowl taken by Miss Baldacci at Brookfield Zoo!

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Can you tell how far away the bird(s) are from the recorder location?

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Can you tell from the recording the number of birds?

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What else can you hear in the background making it difficult to hear the birds?

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Define the following terms and record your sources:
bioacoustics
ARD
DDT
limitations
benefits
applications
ornithology

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Bird Conservation in Illinois (Chicago Wilderness Region)

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Bird Conservation in Illinois (Chicago Wilderness Region)

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The Bird Conservation Network made a list of birds and categorized them based on their habitat and conservation status. Pick a bird species and identify the following:
-habitat
-conservation status
-ways to help this bird
- number of records
-describe the graph
http://www.bcnbirds.org/trends13/concern.html

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What happens once a bird sound is recorded?

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What happens once a bird sound is recorded?

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From Cornell Ornithology Lab you could use the Macaulay Library that has 298,688 audio recordings of birds covering over 9,000 species!
https://search.macaulaylibrary.org/catalog?mediaType=a
Draw a spectrogram on your worksheet and be sure to write down the species name!
Raven Sound Analysis is an example of computer software that generates a bird identification based on audio recording data.

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Anyone can download an app and help gather data about birds! Pick two apps and complete the Venn Diagram on your worksheet:
eBird
https://ebird.org/home
Audubon Bird Guide App
http://www.audubon.org/apps
iNaturalist
https://www.inaturalist.org/
Merlin Bird ID
http://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/

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Bird Conservation Network. (2011). Monitoring Protocol. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from http://www.bcnbirds.org/monprotocol.html
Bird Conservation Network. (2013). BIRDS OF CONCERN. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from http://www.bcnbirds.org/trends13/concern.html
California Academis of of Sciences. (n.d.). INaturalist.org. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from https://www.inaturalist.org/
Macaulay Library. (2018). Birds Audio. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from https://search.macaulaylibrary.org/catalog?mediaType=a
Mayntz, M. (2017, July 15). What Types of Sounds Do Birds Make? Retrieved March 04, 2018, from https://www.thespruce.com/what-types-of-sounds-do-birds-make-387332
National Audubon Society. (2017, June 20). A Beginner's Guide to Recording Bird Vocalizations. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from http://www.audubon.org/news/a-beginners-guide-recording-bird-vocalizations
National Audubon Society. (n.d.). Audubon Bird Guide App. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from http://www.audubon.org/apps
Orland Grassland Volunteers. (2017, September 19). Volunteering to save the grassland. Retrieved March 4, 2018, from https://www.orlandgrassland.org/volunteer
Photo via <a href="https://www.goodfreephotos.com/">Good Free Photos</a>
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (n.d.). Bird Song Hero - The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/features/bird-song-hero/bird-song-hero-tutorial
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (n.d.). EBird. Retrieved March 4, 2018, from https://ebird.org/home
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2018). Merlin. Retrieved March 04, 2018, from http://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2017). Swift. Retrieved February 23, 2019, from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/swift/
The Nature Conservancy. (2018). Animals we Protect: Sandhill Crane. Retrieved February 23, 2019, from https://www.nature.org/en-us/explore/animals-we-protect/sandhill-crane/

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

1. Farina, A., James, P., Bobryk, C., Pieretti, N., Lattanzi, E., & Mcwilliam, J. (2014). Low cost (audio) recording (LCR) for advancing soundscape ecology towards the conservation of sonic complexity and biodiversity in natural and urban landscapes. Urban Ecosystems, 17(4), 923-944. doi:10.1007/s11252-014-0365-0

2. Goyette, J. L., Howe, R. W., Wolf, A. T., & Robinson, W. D. (2011). Detecting tropical nocturnal birds using automated audio recordings. Journal of Field Ornithology, 82(3), 279-287. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00331.x

3. Shonfield, J., & Bayne, E. M. (2017). Autonomous recording units in avian ecological research: current use and future applications. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 12(1). doi:10.5751/ace-00974-120114

4. Tegeler, A. K., Morrison, M. L., & Szewczak, J. M. (2012). Using extended-duration audio recordings to survey avian species. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 36(1), 21-29. doi:10.1002/wsb.112

5. Turgeon, P. J., Wilgenburg, S. L., & Drake, K. L. (2017). Microphone variability and degradation: implications for monitoring programs employing autonomous recording units. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 12(1). doi:10.5751/ace-00958-120109

6. Venier, L. A., Mazerolle, M. J., Rodgers, A., Mcilwrick, K. A., Holmes, S., & Thompson, D. (2017). Comparison of semiautomated bird song recognition with manual detection of recorded bird song samples. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 12(2). doi:10.5751/ace-01029-120202

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We are going to discuss different limitations of bird calls using a bird sound Miss Baldacci recorded 3,5.

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Here are different ways in which recorders benefit research 1,2,4.

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Why are bird sounds collected and studied?

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Why are bird sounds collected and studied?

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Some people enjoy the sound and learning about new birds. Scientists look to identify new species and learn more about the species we have already identified. Research can range from identifying habitat quality for restoration projects to seeing the effects of climate change on migration patterns ³.

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What are the types of Audio Recording Technology used to collect bird sounds?

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What are the types of Audio Recording Technology used to collect bird sounds?

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Phones and simple audio recorders can be used to collect data. There are also more professional options.
http://www.audubon.org/news/a-beginners-guide-recording-bird-vocalizations
What are some advantages of the more expensive equipment?