# data[].attributes.body
- improved in the first half of the 1800s
- canals were an improvement in cheap transportation
- soon after, railroads were laid

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- both religion and education were organized
- growing class of merchants, manufacturers, wage earners, and new business earners brought new ideas

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- based on shipping, taxing, lumber, furs, and mining
- much of land was suited for farming

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-  centers of commerce
- centers of trade
- hubs of manufacturing of textiles and other products
-dirty and crowded

# data[].attributes.body
- rose from 5 million to 19 million
- in 1830-1850 over 2 million Irish Germans and others arrived in the U.S.

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- rocky soil    -bays
- hilly               - inlets
-forests - rivers

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- warm summers
- snowy winters