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1.) A feeling of anxiety/uncertainty that the publisher put upon the reader about the events that the protagonists attend.

2.) "Never Stop on the Motorway" by Jeffrey Archer
- "Diana decided that the time had come for her to speed him on his way. She swung back into the fast lane and once again put her foot down on the accelerator. She reached a hundred miles per hour for the second time as she sped past the two-mile sign. Her body was now covered in sweat, and the speedometer touched a hundred and ten. She checked her rearview mirror, but he was still right behind her. She would have to pick the exact moment if she was going to execute her plan successfully," (230).
The suspense in this story was the major driver, I found myself wondering - will she escape him or will he catch her? Is catching her even his initial intent?

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1.) During a story, a flashback is a sudden shift from the present to the past - this usually illustrates an important point or a significant change in the character.

2.) There was a flashback in "Happiness" by Jeff Taylor, when the elderly man reflects on the time he spent on the island of Corsica. This illustrated the important point that as long as you're happy and in love, whether your lifestyle is royal or in shambles does not matter.

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1.) Symbolism carries a physical and emotional meaning - anything can be a symbol, from characters, objects, events and settings. They represent things beyond themselves and their own meaning.

2.) - In "The Painted Door" by Sinclair Ross, the door that Ann was painting symbolized the change that she craved to have in her life - living in the same way for seven years, all she wanted was some adventure.

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1.) A fictional persona that carries out the actions in a story - may refer to personalities and moral attitudes. Types of characters include:
- Dynamic > A character in which the reader notices development. The character undergoes a significant, long lasting change/realization.
- Static > A character that remains the same throughout the story and does not achieve much.
- Round > A realistic character with critical changes throughout the story.
- Stereotyped > A character that is categorized because of their behaviour or looks and stays within that category.
- Flat > Minor, limited character with one shown quality.

2.) EXAMPLES FROM STORIES
- Dynamic > Leo Auffmann from '"The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury. He begins believing that everyone needed to be happier, until everything went wrong and he realized that happiness is what you have.
- Static > Steven in "The Painted Door" by Sinclair Ross, as all that he did was show up, go through with the affair and go fall asleep. He did not seem to change.
- Round > Lena Auffmann in "The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury. The personality sides to her consisted of her attempting to teach Leo a lesson, therefore being more stern, and an accepting and proud Lena, like near the end when Leo had his realization at the end of the story.
- Stereotyped > "...she could make out the silhouette of a large black van bearing down on her and what looked like a young man behind the wheel." (Never Stop on the Motorway by Jeffrey Archer, pg. 228) "He was wearing a black leather jacket and pointing menacingly at her." (Never Stop on the Motorway by Jeffrey Archer, pg. 229) - Both of these quotes suggested that they were support to the fact that the young man in the car was out to get her. It was stereotype because she took what he drove, his age and his appearance/clothing and made her own idea of his intentions
- Flat > Grandfather Spaulding and his grandsons Douglas and Tom in "The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury. Their one quality was to motivate Leo.

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1.) The feeling that is created by the story through dialogue and imagery. This usually sets up the readers expectations about the story's outcome.

2.) During the beginning of "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl, the mood in the bed and breakfast was completely different than in the beginning. Billy used imagery to describe the place, "Green curtains (some sort of velvety material) were hanging down on either side of the window. The chrysanthemums looked wonderful beside them. He went right up and peered through the glass into the room, and the first thing he saw was a bright fire burning in the hearth. On the carpet in front of the fire, a pretty little dachshund was curled up asleep with its nose tucked into its belly." (2) This imagery sets the atmosphere as cozy and comfortable, which is what convinces Billy to give it a shot.

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1.) Foreshadows hint an upcoming event in the story. This prepares the reader for the story's climax, resolutions, and changes/lack of changes within a character.

2.) "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl
- "It was fantastically cheap, less than half of what he had been willing to pay," (pg. 4).
- "It rings a bell. Now where on earth have I heard that rather unusual name before?" (pg. 6).
- "Well, you see - both of these names, Mulholland and Temple, I not only seem to remember each one of them separately, so to speak, but somehow or other, in some peculiar way, they both appear to be somewhat connected together as well," (Billy Weaver, pg. 7).
- "... he caught a whiff of a peculiar smell that seemed to emanate directly from her person," (pg. 8).
- "But my dear boy, he never left. He's still here. Mr. Temple is also here. They're on the third floor, both of them together," (old lady, pg. 8).
- "But I think he was a trifle shorter than you are, in fact I'm sure he was, and his teeth weren't quite so white," (old lady, pg. 9).
- "There wasn't a blemish on his body - his skin was just like a baby's," (old lady, pg. 9).
- "I stuff all my little pets myself when they pass away," (old lady, pg. 10).

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1.) Perspective that the story is being told from.
- First (1 st) Person > Detached (told by narrator but the story was a significant amount of time before), observed (told in first person by someone who is possibly the confidante of the protagonist), and subjective (the protagonist tells the story at the time that it is happening).
- Third (3 rd) Person > Objective (cannot hear peoples thoughts, only watch and listen like movies or shows), omniscient (narrator can hear all characters thoughts and see all), and limited omniscient (narrator talks about one character and can hear all their thoughts and such).

2.)
- First (1 st) Person:
- Detached > "Happiness" by Guy de Maupassant, the old man told his story in first person, past tense.
- Observed > no example in stories.
- Subjective > no example in stories.
- Third (3 rd) Person:
- Objective > "Happiness" by Guy de Maupassant, in the beginning - not during the old man's story.
- Omniscient > no example in stories.
- Limited omniscient > "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl; you could hear Billy Weavers thoughts, but he was referred to by his name or as "he".

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1.) An allusion is a reference, direct or indirect, of an event from history, familiar figure/place, literature, mythology, or Biblical event. Allusions typically expand or develop a significant idea, impression or mood.

2.) "Never Stop on the Motorway" by Jeffrey Archer. Diana tuns on the song "I Will Survive" by Gloria Gaynor.
"... and fumbled in the dark for a cassette. She found one and pressed it into the slot, hoping it would be Pavarotti, only to be greeted by the strident tones of Gloria Gaynor assuring her "I will survive.""

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1.) The plot is the storyline - parts of a plot typically include:
- Rising Action > All events that come before the climax where all of the information that the reader needs is given.
- Exposition/Antecedent Action > Needed background information and significant, beginning of the story.
- Initial Incident > The event that begins the main conflict in the story.
- Conflict/Complication > Struggle between opposing characters/forces (man vs. man, man vs. self, man vs. world), they can be internal or external.
- Crisis > A moment of intense conflict that leads up to the conflict.
- Catastrophe > The final, usually unfortunate, event.
- Climax > The most intense and emotional part in the story.
- Falling Action > The part of the story following the climax and until the end.
- Resolution > The solving of all the conflicts in the story.
- Denouement > "Unknotting," where all unexplained facts and events are finally revealed. This leads to the possibility of further foreshadowing for after the end of the story.

2.) "The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury
- Rising Action > Some men are bickering outside of Leo Auffmann's store, he decides to build a happiness machine, he isolates himself from his family while building it.
- Exposition/Antecedent Action > Some men are bickering outside of Leo Auffmann's store.
- Initial Incident > Once again, the men bickering outside of his story. One of Grandfather Spaulding's grandsons asks Leo if he could build something to make people happy.
- Conflict/Complication > The conflict is between husband and wife, Leo and Lena, as she believes that Leo should be happy with what he has, and she later on becomes very annoyed with him, threatening to leave him even.
- Crisis > Leo has his wife try the machine after they find his son crying due to it.
- Catastrophe > His wife comes out crying once again, and Leo is left wondering what he had done wrong.
- Climax > The machine is evidently ruined as it catches on fire, leaving Leo confused and upset.
- Falling Action > After the demolishment of the machine, Grandfather Spaulding and his grandsons walk by and watch the smoke come from the machine. Leo is left wondering what he did wrong and what to do now.
- Resolution > Leo watches his family go along with their every day lives through the windows and smiles. He realized then that he already has happiness and that he should not take what he has for granted.
- Denouement > Leo figures out that what he already has makes him happy enough and that he will not take what he has for granted.

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1.) The time and place that the story takes place in - could also be social environment and atmosphere/mood.

2.) "The Painted Door" by Sinclair Ross
- Place > The Canadian prairies.
- Time > 1930's, deep winter during the depression.
- Environment > The environment was very isolated and had extreme weather.
- Social Environment > There was a lot of self-conflict and uncomfortable moments between characters. No truly romantic or affectionate exchanges between characters.
- Mood/Atmosphere > The mood seemed apprehensive, suspenseful and unsettling.

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1.) Irony reveals contradictory meanings:
- Verbal > When a character says something that is actually the opposite of what they mean.
- Situational > When an event occurs that is the exact opposite of what is expected to happen.

2.) - Verbal > In the story "The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury, Lena lashes out at Leo and exclaims, "Look how I laugh scrubbing out the sink," even though she was not laughing, but yelling at him.
- Situational >  In the story "Never Stop on the Motorway" by Jeffrey Archer, the reader is led to believe that the young man in the big van was the antagonist, when he was actually the one trying to warn Diana of the knife-bearing man in her back seat.
"Not me! Not me! He's in the car! I saw him get in when you were parked on the hard shoulder. What else could I have done? You just wouldn't pull over," (young man, pg. 236).

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1.) The reason for a character to carry through with their actions. This causes for the story to become more realistic/effective.

2.) In "The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury, Leo Auffmann's became motivated when he witnessed a few men outside of his store bickering; a young boy asked him to make a happiness machine, so that people can have bright futures. After this, Leo's motivation was to make people happier.

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1.) Suggests mental images, sounds, smells, tastes, and experience to the reader through language of sense experience.

2.) The imagery in "Happiness" by Guy de Maupassant during the beginning was romantic, elegant and social; many people were in awe from the appearance of the island, Corsica. The imagery in the beginning of the story is discussed when the author describes the magical surroundings, "...the vanished sun had left the sky all rosy with its passing, dusted with a golden powder, and the Mediterranean, without a wave or ripple, stretching out flat and smooth and shimmering still under the dying day, seemed a vast, polished sheet of metal. To the right, stretching off into the distance, jagged mountains cast their black silhouettes against the fading crimson of the sunset." (pg. 1), "The sweet melancholy of twilight slowed their speech, caused a tender emotion to well up in their souls; and this word "love", which was heard again and again - now spoken by a strong, manly voice, now by a soft woman's voice - seemed to fill the little salon, fluttering through it like a bird, hovering in it like a spirit." (pg. 1)

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1.) - Simile > A simile is a comparison between two things that are not similar by using phrases such as, "like...", "such that...", or, "resembles...")
- Metaphor > A metaphor is a comparison between two things that are not similar in the first place (the comparison is implied rather than directly stated and lacks the use of phrases such as, "like a...", "as if...")
- Personification > Giving the abilities of a human to an object, animal or idea (subtype of a metaphor - comparison between two unalike things).

2.) - Simile > "Never Stop on the Motorway" by Jeffrey Archer, "... or treats your thigh as an extension of the arm on his chair," (224).
- Metaphor > "The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury, "...men were gathered to burn dirigibles, sink barde-ships, blow up dynamite works..." (1).
- Personification > "The Painted Door" by Sinclair Ross, "There was one great shadow that struggled towards her threateningly," (10).

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1.) The central and main idea of the story, usually implied in a sentence without reference or specific characters or events.

2.) The theme in "The Happiness Machine" by Ray Bradbury was to never take what you already have for granted.