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Educ7101 Lecture-Discussion (2018) Latest Corrected Version

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- there are constant policy reforms that lead to disagreements: gov't vs school vs Ts
- habits are difficult to change: when newcomers get involved and bring in new ideas, it may not be the same as what the original teachers are used to doing

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Changing teaching and learning challenges teachers' beliefs and received wisdom.
External experts/reformists are often perceived to lack the ethos and currency that is required for teachers to adopt their messages/ideas and apply them in their classrooms.
Change is often threatening on a personal and professional level.

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Teaching and learning：teachers usually have their own teaching style，it's not easy for them to make a change

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We think it depends on different contexts. For example, in China, there may be more conflicts about resources. But in Australia, it's more about teaching and learning.

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4. The general points outlined based on 'Tinkering Toward Utopia' are:
- educational change is based on politics and conflicts
- the "policy elites" are wrong
- no matter how little educational change there may be, it still involves long hard work and it is difficult to predict what the outcomes may be
- why educational change even in the 'grammar' of schooling is resistant to quick fixes
- if changes were useful and able to last, it comes from inside and not from top down

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Q9. Farrell notes that the following distinctions were absent in both books. Identification and separation of students based on performance. "Comprehensive" = inclusive of all students, broad curriculum with multiple pathways. "separate schools" = selective with a narrower range of curriculum options, defined pathways (technical vs. grammar/academic).

Q10. Farrell advocates for the ongoing evaluation of social orders to identify their utility and limits and when their value has been exhausted.