# data[].attributes.headline
Anime Scene: The Troubled Life of Miss Kotoura"

# data[].attributes.subject
Anime Scene: The Troubled Life of Miss Kotoura"

# data[].attributes.headline
The Cons of Diagnostic Labels - When They Learn Your Secret

# data[].attributes.subject
The Cons of Diagnostic Labels - When They Learn Your Secret

# data[].attributes.body
During the first half of the clip, Kotoura-san's life is displayed as perfect and harmonious as the audience sees her relationships with her happily married parents and peers at school. Kotoura-san is a very social and energetic young girl who is loved by many at the start of the show. Unfortunately, at a young age, Kotoura-san developed the ability to read people's minds. Since she is a child, she spews out people's true thoughts, which are often secrets, and cannot distinguish that this behavior is harmful to those around her. Consistently reading people's minds quickly backfires on Kotoura-san as she rapidly begins losing friends and is labeled as a compulsive liar by her teacher.
After hearing the news of Kotoura-san's compulsive lying from her teacher, Kotoura-san's mother takes her to multiple physicians, psychiatrists, and priests in hopes of discovering a cure and diagnosis for her lying. During the clip, Kotoura-san asks her mother, "Is there something wrong with me? Am I sick?" showing that Kotoura-san is unaware of her ability and cannot determine why it is ruining her life.
Kotoura-san's mother does not receive help from Kotoura-san's father and becomes distressed while dealing with her daughter's issue. This stress causes the mother to become an alcoholic, which leads to her verbally abusing Kotoura-san so severely that Kotoura-san's grandpa is forced to become her primary character. Unknowingly, Kotoura-san continues spewing the thoughts of others that are meant to be concealed, which eventually drives her parents to separate and completely abandon Kotoura-san. Eventually, Kotoura-san experiences severe bullying and is abandoned by everyone she cared for except her grandpa due to her mindreading ability.
Once the students in the class become aware of her mindreading powers, she experiences serious prejudice while in school. She is labeled as a monster and liar because of her ability which she then internalizes and begins to accept. At the end of the clip, Kotoura-san reaches her breaking point and resorts to complete isolation, later experiencing the flat effect. Since she can see everyone's true thoughts, she no longer shows any emotion when met with good or bad news. She knows when people are lying to her and refuses to become attached to others since everyone she cared for abandoned her. This clip highlights the cons of diagnostic labels because once those around Kotoura-san learned about her ability, they heavily abused her verbally and pushed her into complete isolation. Also, once Kotoura-san recognized how much her ability was harming others, she developed learned helplessness and completely accepted that she was an unsolvable problem.

# data[].attributes.body
As the story continues, Kotoura-San goes on to meet genuine, loving, and accepting friends while also using her abilities for good! :^)

# data[].attributes.headline
Television Character: "Game of Thrones" - Sandor Clegane (The Hound)

# data[].attributes.subject
Television Character: "Game of Thrones" - Sandor Clegane (The Hound)

# data[].attributes.body
Content Warning: Explicit Language, Violence, Blood, Death

# data[].attributes.body
Within the video, Sandor Clegane and Arya Stark visit a pub in the woods while traveling to the Eyrie. At the pub, they are met with kingsman from the Kingsguard, who are attempting to recruit Sandor into joining their crew. Sandor refuses this request since he has now gone rogue and is against the King and his men. Since the men in the pub are a part of the Kingsguard, Sandor's refusal leads to an altercation between Arya and Sandor vs. the four men.
I find this particular clip fascinating since, throughout the television show, many people fear Sandor due to his history with battle and his scary demeanor. When Sandor first enters the pub with Arya, the men assume that he is holding her captive as his sexual servant, and they also believe he is still loyal to the King. However, their assumptions are wrong, as this scene is one of the first that shows Sandor's character development in the show. Although he has an unsightly scar plastered across his face and towers over most with his abnormal height, Sandor is not a monster.
Sandor's character can be analyzed using Gordon Allport's Trait Approach. There is a ton of contrast between the various components of Sandor's personality, which is why he is one of my all-time favorite characters. Within Allport's Trait Approach, he describes cardinal traits as the traits in which a person organizes their life, central traits as components that represent significant characteristics of a person, and secondary traits as personal features that help understand a person's behavior.
Sandor's cardinal traits are honor, loyalty, revenge, and self-assurance. After spending years following orders from the King, Sandor finally decides to make his own decisions after witnessing the various injustices throughout Kinglanding. Once going rogue, he embraces his own self-assurance and decides to live his life in the way he wishes. He rarely conforms to the dominant culture and consistently stands by his own beliefs and honor. When he finally finds a loyal companion, Arya, he is loyal to her and her family to the very end.
A few of Sandor's central traits are honesty, blunt, and fighter. Even when met with danger, as seen in the clip, Sandor never sugarcoats his words or shifts his viewpoint to make others comfortable. Throughout the show, he is often found degrading and cussing at people who upset him no matter how close their relationship may be. Sandor is nicknamed The Hound because of his loyalty to the King. He acted as a "dog" that fought countless battles to protect the King and those around him. After going rogue, Sandor eventually detaches himself from this nickname and learns to see himself as more than just a dog meant for service. A major component of Sandor's character is fighting since he lives in a world so heavily coated in violence.
Sandor's secondary trait that defines a major part of his character is the scar on the right side of his face. After being pushed into a fire by his older brother during childhood, Sandor now wears a frightening scar that causes him to look terrifying to most. Since he is labeled as a hound, this scar only adds to the idea that he is violent and menacing. As the show progresses, the audience learns that this scar does not define Sandor and is only a part of his outward appearance. In truth, Sandor is a compassionate and loyal human being who harbors genuine intentions.

# data[].attributes.headline
Viral Social Media Video: "Man Attempts to Assault Woman After Receiving Incorrect Fast Food Order"

# data[].attributes.subject
Viral Social Media Video: "Man Attempts to Assault Woman After Receiving Incorrect Fast Food Order"

# data[].attributes.body
Content Warning: Explicit Language

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Man in Hardee’s mad about his sandwich and tries to fight manager in restaurant

# data[].attributes.body
Within the video, a man is seen demanding the work crew at the fast-food establishment, Hardee's, to work faster on completing his order. Apparently, the sandwich he ordered was improperly made, which threw him into a complete aggravated frenzy. The Hardee's manager (A Black woman) attempts to diffuse the man's rage by asking him to step outside. Halfway through the video, the man completely loses his temper, threatens the woman, then begins to chase her around the lobby, attempting to attack her. The video ends with the man charging into the employee area, taking a few food items, and leaving Hardee's while continuing to spew insults about the woman and the Hardee's Staff. There was only one dangerous aggressor and about ten other people within that establishment, yet no one decided to help the woman by intervening. This incident is a clear example of the bystander effect.
The Bystander effect is based on whether or not people will decide to intervene when another individual is in distress. If more people are present or near the situation, the distressed individual is less likely to receive help since the bystanders expect one another to intervene. As mentioned, there were about ten other people within the video, yet no one helped the manager in distress. One man can even be seen moving out of the way allowing the attacker an open path towards the woman. Since this video spread throughout social media, there were many opinions on the incident, but most people questioned why none of the ten bystanders intervened.
Many assumed or at least hoped that other men would step in to defend a woman in distress due to the gendered standards within our society. On the other end, some expected the woman's coworkers to come to her aid since they all work in the same establishment, therefore signifying at least some form of companionship. Others also expected the customers to ban together and stop the man from charging at the woman. Unfortunately, none of these scenarios played out, which describes another psychological term, diffusion of responsibility. This is a phenomenon in which a person fails to take responsibility for action or inaction within a situation due to the presence of others who share the same responsibility. No one intervened because they assumed someone else would, and this assumption could have gotten the Black woman in this video killed.
Although this video went viral, instances of Black women being attacked unprovoked and without help from others occur daily. The bystander effect coupled with assumptions, stereotypes, and implicit biases all contribute to why Black women do not receive protection when placed into situations such as this one. Since the strong Black woman stereotype is so prevalent within the minds and institutions of many, Black women are expected to defend themselves when met with danger. Our society does not defend nor protect what is assumed to be strong. Therefore, the bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility, and stereotypes all contributed to the failure to protect a Black woman in danger and distress.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Not to Remember Where You Parked Your Car - Key & Peele

# data[].attributes.headline
Viral Social Media Video: "4-Year Old Girl Calls Herself Ugly"

# data[].attributes.subject
Viral Social Media Video: "4-Year Old Girl Calls Herself Ugly"

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Michelle Obama Supports Girl After 'Ugly' Viral Video

# data[].attributes.headline
Song Lyrics: "Cranes in the Sky" by Solange

# data[].attributes.subject
Song Lyrics: "Cranes in the Sky" by Solange

# data[].attributes.headline
Can overcomplicating the situation help you better remember?

# data[].attributes.subject
Can overcomplicating the situation help you better remember?

# data[].attributes.body
In the video, two friends attempt to create a mnemonic device to help them remember their parking spot in a parking garage. The first friend, Peele, wants to keep the mnemonic device memorable and straightforward, so he uses the phrase high five to remember the parking space H5. The second friend, Key, spends the entirety of the clip creating a long, drawn-out series of phrases, facts, math equations, puzzles, and random chunks of information in order to remember the simple parking space H5. Peele becomes aggravated by Key's consistent rambling, claiming that his process of remembering the parking spot is overcomplicated and making the situation worst. The clip ends with the two friends needing to remember the parking spot, H5. Although Peele had a short and memorable mnemonic, Key was able to recite the entirety of his own memorization technique before Peele could remember the parking spot himself. This comical dynamic highlights the concept of memory discussed in Chapter 6.
At the end of the clip, when Peele forgets the parking space despite creating a simple mnemonic device, this may have occurred due to him placing the information into his short-term memory. Within the short-term memory, unrehearsed information is lost within 15-30 seconds. Peele listened to Key ramble about his memorization techniques for over a minute, which caused him to forget his simple high five memory technique since he had not been rehearsing it for longer than 30 seconds. If Peele placed the mnemonic device within his short-term memory, he would need to repeat the information consistently in order to retain it.
Key may have also placed the H5 parking spot within his short-term memory, but he was able to recall it quicker than Peele since he continued to rehearse the information. To recall the parking spot, Key used a short-term memory process called chunking. Chunking is when an individual takes small pieces of information and combines them into meaningful units to hold more information within the short-term memory capacity. Key rambled about what seemed like random information, but in actuality was the process of chunking. Due to this, Key could better maintain the required information needed to recall the parking space H5.
Additionally, when our brain is creating a new memory, we choose what we want to focus on through selective attention. Peele did not spend much time focusing on his high five mnemonic and instead placed all his attention on criticizing Key's memorization techniques. Although Peele's mnemonic was expected to prosper at the end of the clip, Key's memorization technique was more efficient due to his utilization of chunking and recalling.

# data[].attributes.body
In the short video clip, Owen Hunt, a recently discharged war trauma surgeon, can be seen choking his current partner, Cristina Yang. Within the show, we later find out that Owen suffers from PTSD caused by the traumatic encounters he witnessed while serving in the war. At the start of the clip, Owen is staring at the ceiling fan, which resembles the sound and shape of helicopter wings. Once becoming aware of this resemblance, Owen's PTSD is triggered as he falls asleep. Owen then "wakes up" and unconsciously begins to strangle Cristina. Since Owen is not actually awake and is instead performing these physical mechanisms within his sleep, we can assume that Owen believes he is strangling an enemy instead of Cristina. Callie, Cristina's roommate, then enters the room, awakening Owen from his deep sleep and saving Cristina from being strangled to death.
This scene relates to multiple concepts of consciousness discussed in Chapter 4. Dissecting the clip from a psychological lens, Owen is first seen entering the first, and later the second, stages of sleep. Before entering the third sleeping stage, Owen focuses on the ceiling fan as it resembles triggering memories associated with war. As Owen's eyes begin to flutter and his body becomes relaxed, he fully enters stage three once the camera fades to black. In the next scene, when Owen is choking Cristina, he is actively engaging in stage four REM sleep. Despite desperately hitting and swatting at Owen, Cristina cannot wake him since REM sleep is considered the deepest sleeping stage. Although this detail is not shown in the clip, before this scene, Owen and Cristina spent the night together eating, drinking, and engaging in deep conversations. Since REM sleep typically occurs after an emotionally draining day, such heavy engagement with Cristina may have caused Owen's unexpected reaction in combination with the triggering ceiling fan. Not only does he have PTSD, but from this scene, it is evident that Owen suffers from RBD parasomnia. One of the main symptoms of RBD is acting out the actions and movements that are occurring within a dream. Owen is obviously not lucid and oblivious to his actions, indicating that he is actively engaging in REM sleep. RBD is most common in men over the age of 60. Despite being only 30, Owen may have developed RBD at such an early age due to the stressors of PTSD.
Years ago, when initially watching this episode, I was in complete shock as I believed that Owen was attempting to purposely kill Cristina. After Owen's trauma was later discussed, I believed that PTSD was the only cause of his behavior. At the time, I had not known that it was possible to nearly kill someone while asleep, as I was only aware of sleepwalking. Returning to this scene years later, after studying chapter four on the topic of consciousness, I now have a deeper understanding of Owen Hunt's parasomnia disorder.

# data[].attributes.body
In the video, while staring at her reflection through a cellphone, 4-year old Ariyonna says, "I'm so ugly." After hearing the comment, Shabria, Ariyonna's hairdresser, gasps in complete shock, which causes Ariyonna to question Shabria's response. The instant confusion on Ariyonna's face indicates that she has learned recognizing herself as ugly is normal and completely okay. When Shabria further questions Ariyonna's comment, attempting to make sense of why a 4-year old would view herself this way, Ariyonna becomes even more confused, which causes her to start crying. While comforting Ariyonna, Shabria instantly addresses Ariyonna's behavior, telling her positive compliments about her appearance and beauty to combat the negative narrative that has caused her to believe that she is ugly.
Both Shabria and Ariyonna's mother have not identified what caused Ariyonna to view herself as ugly, but the newscasters reporting the video assumed that she learned this behavior from other children at her school. Online celebrities and public figures such as Michelle Obama and Viola Davis chimed in on the matter, believing that this learned behavior was not created from one person or a group of people but instead by years of conditioning stemming from slavery and systematic racism.
The dynamic between Ariyonna and Shabria shown within the clip is an example of positive reinforcement, positive punishment, and behavior modification. After hearing Ariyonna's negative words about herself, Shabria instantly begins to implement the behavior modification process. The goal of the process would be to modify Ariyonna's beliefs of herself. Her initial belief that she is ugly would need to be changed into believing that she is beautiful. Shabria does this by telling Ariyonna about her positive attributes, like her dimples and smile. Shabria performs positive punishment by adding the negative stimulus of scolding Ariyonna in a light-hearted manner for speaking poorly about herself. Saying the phrase "Don't say that" to Ariyonna would decrease her negative self-talk.
The dynamic between Ariyonna and Shabria then shifts to positive reinforcement once Shabria begins to compliment Ariyonna's features. Since Shabria wants to increase Ariyonna's behavior of viewing herself positively, she adds a pleasurable stimulus which is complimenting Ariyonna's features. By gasping loudly once Ariyonna called herself ugly, Shabria indicated to Ariyonna that talking poorly about herself is a behavior she should not do. In a way, Shabria's audible gasp acted as a consequence that would decrease the chances of Ariyonna performing that behavior again.
In conclusion, although Ariyonna initially developed an unpleasant way of viewing herself by either her classmates or society, Shabria instantly implemented multiple learning techniques to help Ariyonna learn to view herself as beautiful.

# data[].attributes.body
In her song, Cranes in the Sky, Solange speaks about her many efforts to rid herself of a particular burden. Throughout the song, she uses phrases such as "I tried to drink it away, I tried to sleep it away, I tried to work it away," but she never blatantly describes what the "it" is. After listening to the song, I have interpreted the "it" as depression. Solange lists various activities, hobbies, and changes she has performed, admitting that the purpose of such acts is to cast her depression away. Dancing, consuming alcohol, trying new hairstyles, buying new clothes, distracting herself with work, sleeping, sex, reading, exercise, traveling, and resorting to isolation by ending her relationship. In the chorus, she says the words, "It's like cranes in the sky. Sometimes I don't wanna feel those metal clouds". I interpreted this phrase as her depression being a constant force that follows her always, much like birds in the sky. The metal clouds refer to the heaviness present when battling depression instead of the typical light and fluffy clouds that we are used to seeing in the sky.

Solange's battle with depression relates to the concept of neurotransmitters discussed in Chapter 2. Neurotransmitters are chemicals within the brain that affect our cells when released from the synaptic vessels. The seven major neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and endorphins. Each act Solange performed in order to cope with depression involved the release of neurotransmitters.

When Solange says, "I tried to run it away, thought then my head be feeling clearer," she is describing the concept of acetylcholine. Running is a form of exercise that causes the body to release acetylcholine, which is the neurotransmitter associated with memory, alertness, learning, and muscle contraction. Therefore, when Solange expects to feel clearer after exercising, she is referring to the feelings associated with acetylcholine release.

In another instance, Solange turns to alcohol to cope. The effects of alcohol enhance GABA, which is the neurotransmitter that calms anxiety and controls neural firing. When Solange tries reading, dancing, traveling, and buying new clothes, these all produce short bursts of serotonin within her synapse. When met with high-stress situations or depressive episodes, the body will desperately seek out pleasurable things such as junk food and sex in order to experience positive emotions. Once obtaining the pleasurable item, the body transforms the experience into serotonin, positively enhancing mood and emotional levels.

In conclusion, since Solange is undergoing depression, she may have low serotonin and dopamine levels within her synapse. Despite exercising, sleeping, dancing, drinking, and much more, she cannot overcome her depression since each act only grants her short-term happiness that will never last.

# data[].attributes.body
This photo was taken on October 26, 2018, during my high school senior night. In the photo from left to right is my mom, me, my grandma, and my younger sister. Since it was senior night, and the last time I would ever march within the LHS Marching Band, both my grandma and mom attended the event to take photos with me on the field. This night was one of the most important and unforgettable events of my high school career. This photo is also one of the few photos I have left with my grandma since she passed away from unknown causes five nights after this picture was taken on November 1, 2018.
After her passing, we learned that she suffered from severe heart conditions that she wanted to keep secret to refrain from burdening our family. It has been nearly three years since she has passed, and I am still learning who my grandmother was through the stories of those closest to her. With each story, I learn of a different stressor or burden that she had to endure silently and for prolonged periods of time. Although I am not a cardiologist or a health psychologist (yet), I would like to link the few things that I have learned from the course to the life that my grandmother lived.
Environmental stressors were consistent in my grandma's life. In my family, it was very common for many of us to overcrowd one home due to poverty and other circumstances. Before I was born, my grandma typically had about 14 people living within her five-bedroom, two-bathroom household, and after I was born, this number decreased to about nine people in the home. One major environmental stressor that greatly impacted my grandma's life was when her home was repossessed due to financial and legal issues. This incident threw my grandma deeper into poverty which affected my entire family since we relied heavily on her for support. My grandma never recovered financially, so poverty became a chronic stressor in her life.
This was when psychological stressors began to develop since my grandma now had to cycle through different jobs and temporary homes while attempting to keep my family afloat. Many other hassles and setbacks further fueled her frustration, exhaustion, and, most of all, her stress. Since my grandma had a type C personality, she would always put others before herself no matter the circumstances. She also carried the awful habit of suffering in silence, no matter how severe the situation, instead of seeking help.
I often wonder how many years of her life she could have continued living if the weight of this world was not crushing her body. So many chronic and deadly stressors are normalized within Black women's lives due to the culture that we live and grow up in. Although I cannot bring my grandma back, I hope to prevent the cycle of stressors from continuing to spin in other Black women's lives before it's too late.