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Hi Everyone. As from Tonga as a Pacific Island we face similar issues as Samoa. Our issue is the lack of funding to implement a national plan, experts to push and provide scientific evidence etc.. as mention by the Samoan representatives.
I agree with what the Samoan mention on tackling the source of the pollution or the big contributors to marine pollution. Because although we produce marine pollution but it's very insignificant compared to the big polluters.

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Indonesia - Wa Ode Sitti Warsita Mahapati

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Indonesia - Wa Ode Sitti Warsita Mahapati

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1. What I can take from this training is that to realize integrated waste management or good waste management is to involve all parties, namely the community, industry and government. Of course it's not easy, but Singapore has proven it. Besides that, how do we involve education in demonstrating good urban waste management. Providing education to all parties, even children who are still in elementary school. Explain that they are part of the environment so that they also have a role in protecting it. I feel that this approach has not been carried out in Indonesia.
2. I would like to explain the challenges faced by Indonesia from a societal perspective. So far, one of the challenges is people's dependence on the use of plastic. Unfortunately, the plastics we always use everyday are single-use plastics that are thrown away immediately after use. This causes the uncontrolled generation of plastic waste in the environment. So, reuse or recycle is not able to solve the problem of excessive waste quantity.
However, one thing that needs to be appreciated is that Indonesia is always trying to make improvements towards a better waste management. For example, Indonesia has shifted from an open dumping system to a landfill system.
3. The challenge is how Indonesia is able to set targets in a clear timeframe to solve the problem of increasingly uncontrolled waste generation. The current waste problem has not been resolved, but we are already faced with new problems such as the presence of microplastics. Based on my latest research, microplastics have been found in river areas in the city of Bandung.

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1. I wish Indonesia can do the "Deposit Refund Scheme", we can raise awareness from the consumers about recycle the packaging. On the other hand, company should be responsible to what they've produced

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1. I wish Indonesia can have a good waste management scheme, especially involving renewable energy so we can have cleaner and efficient energy

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2. the common challenge that my country face in promoting waste reduction and recycling mostly in separating the waste.
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1. I wish Indonesia starts to focus on sustainability waste and resource management so that budgeting and resource placement are right.
2. In Indonesia, in my opinion, waste reduction and waste recycling is still a long way off. Many people littering. We must involve many parties and provide input to local governments so that there are regulations that are binding with fines so that there is a deterrent effect. In my imagine, this can reduce the uncontrolled entry of waste into rivers and oceans.

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Hi everyone. Good afternoon , My name is Ratchanee Puttapreecha, I’ m Fishery Biologist,  from Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR), Thailand. for the first question Singapore Cooperation Programme will enhance my research ability leading to better implementation on marine litter management in coastal area and building capacity for planning and implementing measures aimed at reducing land-base marine litter,which will certainly be of great benefit to the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources.

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1.  To introduce public private partnership for waste management services in order to increase the efficiency and get cost benefits too, while this will enable to better standardise and regulate the whole waste management sector.

2. Not enough alternatives for the existing single use items we use on a daily basis, the connivence from these single use items over weight in terms of cost and handling hassle. And for recycling the cost of transportation is very expensive in Maldives due to the geographical existence of the country, 1190 small islands scattered across the Indian Ocean. As the government cannot afford to have several fully equipped recycling centres, all the recyclables needs to be transported from every island all the way to a single centre.

And to reduce marine pollution from land base sources, we have established a door to door waste collection service and have placed public dustbins and on marine vessels too.

3. Local and other businesses have already investing heavily on SUP products manufacturing when it comes to F&B and other household items. And for those businesses to make a new investment to get rid of the SUP products is way too costly to afford.
Meanwhile not enough education and awareness about the negative impacts of SUP products to the environment due to poor management of waste. Furthermore, the waste management regulations and policies are not enforced properly due to lack of human resources and finance too, which is a great setback.

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During the last decade, average plastic waste was generated approximately  2 million ton per year or 12% of total municipal solid waste generation. Around 0.5 million tons per year (25%) of generated plastic wastes are recovered for material recycling and energy recovery. The rest of the plastic wastes 1.5 million tons (75%) are mostly single-use plastics (SUP), such as plastic bags, plastic cups, plastic straws, plastic boxes, foam food-containers. They were disposed of by sanitary landfill or incinerator and partially accumulate in dumped sites. v  Thailand developed and has been implementing the “Roadmap on Plastic Waste Management 2018-2030” and it associated action plan. The Roadmap comprises two key goals:  i) to reduce and stop using 7 types of single-use-plastics (plastic cap seal, Oxo plastic product, microbead, thin plastic bag, thin plastic cup, Styrofoam and plastic straw) through using environmental friendly alternatives; and ii) to circulate 100% of targeted plastics (thick plastic bag, monolayer film packing materials, plastic bottle, plastic cap, plastic cup, plastic tray and food container and plastic utensils) into manufacturing stream by 2030.

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- Challenging with small land mass, lack of funding, lack technology, lack scientific evidence
- In Pacific, have a deep connection with ocean
- Small island states bear the brunt of climate change
- Common challenges: ongoing dialogues among pacific states, developing legal framework
- Samoa: has banned shopping bags, food Styrofoam containers. Will start monitoring and enforcement.

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From the intention to reduce the amount of litter in the sea, therefore all sectors of the organization have organized activities to reduce marine litter or marine debris in the marine and coastal areas under the marine waste management program

1. Waste collection from its origin to the end point by using appropriate tools/equipment (origin, midway and  endpoint).

2. Organizing activities to reduce marine debris in marine and coastal area such as Ecosystem clean-up activities (beach, coral reef, and mangrove) together with various sectors

3. Research in order to gain information needed to solve problem regarding marine debris management.

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1. One of the keys that I have learned from this course is that Singapore has grown very rapidly. I hope Indonesia can apply the Waste to Energy system to process the waste produced. In addition, it shifted from open dumping to technologies that are more feasible to implement.

2. One of the challenges facing Indonesia today is public knowledge regarding waste reduction and recycling. One of the reasons for this is the unequal education in Indonesia. So that basic knowledge related to waste management needs to be done as early as possible. We can start from elementary school.

Currently the government, especially KLHK, is making various efforts to reduce marine pollution from land-based sources. Handling starts from upstream to downstream. In my own office, every year we install a trashboom in the estuary to trap trash into the sea.