# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gheorghe Gheorghe Ma dusei sa trec la Olt

# data[].attributes.body
Folk music is the oldest form of Romanian musical creation, characterised by great vitality; it is the defining source of the cultured musical creation, both religious and lay. Therefore, traditional Romanian music reflects a confluence of sounds like Central European as well as Balkan traditional music.

# data[].attributes.body
Traditionally, the accompaniment is made by traditional instruments (whistle, pipe, pan flute and cymbal). In the past, unknown instruments were used in Europe, like leaves and fish scales that are nowadays used less and less. In the current times, we use the accordion, the violin, the saxophone, the trumpet and the clarinet.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Floarea Calotă - Constantine, Constantine (@TVR3)

# data[].attributes.body
The greatest musical beauty is found in the wedding ritual. For example: party songs with instrumental accompaniment (“Mărie si Mărioara”, “Constantine, Constantine”, “Mă dusei să trec la Olt”), traditional dance music (“Sȃrba”, “Hora”, “Rustemul”, “Ciuleandra”) and music linked to different rituals ( “Bărbieritul ginerelui”, “Voalul miresei”, “Cȃntecul nașului”). For voice, Romania’s specific songs are “Doina” and the ballad.
“Doina” is a musical genre with many musical flourishes that aims to transmit some spiritual states. The ballad has a simpler melody and illustrates often real facts and events encountered in the community (“Iancu Jianu’s ballad”, “Codin’s ballad”, “Pintea’s ballad”etc)

# data[].attributes.body
Romania is a traditionally rich country.  The researcher Bella Bartok said that the Romanian folklore is the most evolved in Europe. Traditions are linked to the main events of life: birth, wedding, and death.
Music is very rich in quality and quantity. Apart from the general musical aspects, we also find specific aspects of Romania or the East of Europe. We find peasant musical scales not known in European cult music with interesting and spectacular rhythm.
For example, the lame rhythm (Aksac) where, within the same song, we encounter alternating binary and ternary rhythm. For those in other countries it may seem strange that the dancers and musicians can easily synchronize with this rhythm.

# data[].attributes.body
The pan flute is made of several wooden pipes of different sizes that are glued together. The best flute player in the world is Gheorghe Zamfir.

# data[].attributes.body
The pipe is made according to the same principle as the whistle, but it is thicker and longer and has 5 holes.

# data[].attributes.body
The whistle is a wind instrument, made of plum wood, which has a hole in length and six side holes that you plug with your fingers, creating the song. They are very old that we could say that these are the first melodic instruments made by people.

# data[].attributes.body
The cymbal is like a table on which many cords are connected, and they make sounds by being stroken with wooden hammers. It is mainly rhythmic, but it can also play songs.

# data[].attributes.body
(GRECE)
Par Christos Vaitsis et Gkelias Vasilis

# data[].attributes.body
(GRECE)
Par Katerina Zisi

# data[].attributes.body
(GRECE)
Par Gerasimos Giannoutsos

# data[].attributes.body
(GRECE)
Par Filyra Filippa

# data[].attributes.body
Par Dimitris Parialakos

# data[].attributes.headline
Présentation du violon traditionnel (GRECE)

# data[].attributes.subject
Présentation du violon traditionnel (GRECE)

# data[].attributes.body
Par Despoina Skoura

# data[].attributes.body
The shawm is a conical bore, double-reed woodwind instrument made in Europe from the 12th century to the present day. It achieved its peak of popularity during the medieval and Renaissance periods, after which it was gradually eclipsed by the oboe family of descendant instruments in classical music. It is likely to have come to Western Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean around the time of the Crusades.

In our region there are some Orchestras, who play this kind of music in their free time as a hobby orchestra. They have their origin in military organizations during the GDR (German Democratic Republic). The sound is a little bit of military style, but with modern pop songs they are favourites to every party.

# data[].attributes.body
The santouri belongs to hammered dulcimers (struck zithers) family of instruments. It is a Greek name for an instrument that is also played in central and eastern Europe as well as the Middle East. Its origins though are Iranian or Mesopotamian dating back to 7th Century BC.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Taksimi & Karsilamas: solo santouri by John (Yianni)  Roussos:

# data[].attributes.body
The touberleki is a traditional drum made of metal with skin stretched over it and is much used in all forms of Greek music. The tambourine (rhoptron) is thought to have originated in ancient times in Egypt and was adopted by the Ancient Greeks.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Aulus, Karamuza and klarino (Greece)

# data[].attributes.subject
The Aulus, Karamuza and klarino (Greece)

# data[].attributes.body
The Aulos was a single- or double-reed instrument from which the Karamuza is derived. The klarino, a variant of the clarinet, is used in the music of Epirus to accompany the slow dances of the region like the tsamikos, koftos, metsovitikos among others.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dimotika Ipirou 09, PETRO-LOUKAS & KYRITSIS

# data[].attributes.body
The floghera is a simple bamboo flute with seven finger holes used in traditional folk music. The souravli (fipple flute related to the recorder) is played in Crete, and the Cyclades.

# data[].attributes.body
The bagpipe or Askaulos of Ancient Greece allowed the musician to play without taking pauses for breath. The bagpipe of Crete is the askomandoura. The Tsampouna is a droneless bagpipe played in the Greek islands. The Dankiyo is played by the Pontian Greeks originating from Trabzon and Rize in present-day Turkey. The Gaida is the bagpipe of Northern Greece

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Tsabouna - Greek Bagpipes - Naxos, Greece

# data[].attributes.body
The laouto or lute is another descendant of the Tabouras family of long-necked stringed instruments. It has evolved into the present variant of 11 moveable frets along the neck and up to nine fixed wooden frets on the sound board. In the Greek world there are three variants characterised by their differing size and tuning with the Steriano (mainland Greece), the Cretan Laouto also known as (lagouto) and the Cypriot laouto as the main variants.

# data[].attributes.body
The bouzouki is the king of long-necked stringed musical instruments of modern Greece. It is derived from the plucked musical instrument family of the thabouras (tambouras) instruments dating back to Ancient Greece from which the lute is derived.

The bouzouki was brought into Greece in the early 20th Century by immigrants from Asia Minor. It’s steel strings are played with a plectrum. There are two types: the Trichordo with three pairs of strings and the tetrachordo (four pairs) which was developed in 1950s and made popular by Manolis Chiotis. The bouzouki has 27 frets along its neck.

It became central instrument of the rebetiko music and despite the best efforts of the authorities, it has since become the key instrument of Greek laiko/popular music.

# data[].attributes.body
While modern Greeks have used the word “kithara” to describe the guitar of today, the ancients would have used the word to describe the seven-stringed instrument of the harp family of stringed instruments. The ancient kithara, would have been played by professional musicians using a stiff plectrum of dried leather. It was the instrument for the big occasion and was played solo at receptions, dances, recitations of epic poems and lyric songs, banquets and other major events.

Some consider that Terpander of Lesvos (the father of Greek music and lyric poetry) to have invented the instrument in the 7th Century BC. However, the instrument is thought to have originated from Anatolia.

The poetess Sappho was a virtuoso of the instrument and composed many songs. Yet another native of Lesvos, Phrynis, is the first man to have played the kithara in Athens.

In mythology it was Hermes who is credited with creating the kithara from tortoise shell which Apollo the god of music adopted as his chosen instrument.

The lyre was the popular four-string version of the Kithara that was easier to play and was mostly used as a folk instrument in rustic events.

# data[].attributes.body
| The lyre was the most widely used and most popular instrument in the time of ancient Greece. The lyre was considered to be a symbol of Apollo and was typically not played outside. This instrument was primarily used in the education of young peoples in conjunction with the  aulos. The lyre is the national instrument of the Greeks. The lyre was typically played held on the left side of the body (secured with a harness) where the left hand would press down on or pluck the strings while the right hand strummed to strings. Most lyres had between three to twelve strings.

A sweet little tune played on the lyre.

# data[].attributes.body
The guitar is a plucked string instrument. ... The other hand plucks the strings, either with the fingernails and fingertips, or with a plectrum (or plectrum). The guitar most often has six strings. The guitar is the most common European version of the organological category of neck box lute.

# data[].attributes.body
The transverse flute is a wind instrument from the woodwind family. The transverse flute shares with the instruments of the flute family the method of sound production: the blown air is set in vibration by a bevel placed at the mouth

# data[].attributes.body
The shawm (Germany)

# data[].attributes.body
The Jew's harp is a musical instrument using a finger-operated blade as a vibrating element and the musician's mouth as a resonant cavity

# data[].attributes.headline
Traditional music from the Basque country

# data[].attributes.subject
Traditional music from the Basque country

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/MsadndccbFQ

# data[].attributes.body
The spoons or spoons are, played by two, an idiophone musical instrument, that is to say a percussion instrument resonating by itself. It is at the origin of real spoons diverted from their function.

# data[].attributes.body
The galoubet, flute or tambourine flute is part of the family of one-handed, three-hole recorders, which can be found throughout the world.

# data[].attributes.body
The txirula is the main instrument of traditional Labourd music. It is a straight flute with a wooden mouthpiece, from the Txistus family, usually made of boxwood. It has a high pitched sound similar to a fife.

# data[].attributes.body
The bagpipe is an ancient musical instrument still in use today in central and southern Italy. The bagpipe is a bag aerophone equipped with 4/5 pipes that are inserted into a log where the skin is tied. The air storage bag is made with a whole skin of goat or sheep, in which the player injects air through an insufflator.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Zampogna e tamburello in chiesa a Napoli

# data[].attributes.body
The tammuriello or neapolitan tambourine is a small drum used to accompany folk dances and dances.

Smaller than the tammorra, it has a wooden frame of a diameter that varies between 20 and 30 cm and whose height does not exceed 7 cm, decorated with colored ribbons and with some tin or metal saucers (called cimbali), inserted in some open crevices along the circumference.

# data[].attributes.headline
traditional italian musical instrument: MANDOLA

# data[].attributes.subject
traditional italian musical instrument: MANDOLA

# data[].attributes.body
The mandola is a musical instrument belonging to the very large family of lutes, descendants of the Arabic oud that landed in Europe during the Middle Ages. It is an Italian variant of sixteenth-century origin and is related to the mandolin that has evolved together
https://youtu.be/WSDPsp478IA

# data[].attributes.body
The organetto (or diatonic accordion) is a musical instrument belonging to the family of aerophones (instruments whose sound is generated by a flow of air) mechanical type (the air is produced by a bellows) and equipped with free reeds.The free reed is a thin steel tongue, fixed at one end on a perforated brass or aluminum plate so as to allow the reed to vibrate freely under the breath of air, thus producing sound. Each reed is tuned to a musical note. The length and width of the tongue are proportionate to the height of the note: the sharper the note, the smaller the reed and vice versa.

The reeds are mounted on wooden frames (soniere) fixed inside two drawers, also wooden, both equipped with a button keyboard. Each keyboard operates a series of valves that allow air to pass through reeds and produce sound. The inflow of air to the reeds takes place through the movement of the bellows that connects the two cases.The keyboard of the right hand, in which the notes are ordered by diatonic scales, is used for the execution of the melody, while the keyboard of the left hand (bass and chords) is used for the rhythmic accompaniment.
https://youtu.be/GGqPZH7ho94

# data[].attributes.body
The Neapolitan castanets, the 'Castagnòle', differ  from the Spanish for their size and for their use: they are in fact smaller, they are only used to mark or emphasize the most characteristic points of the dance rhythm and have explicit sexual symbols engraved inside (male for male, female for female).

The castagnette, a typical Neapolitan instrument of induced percussion wood, are formed by a central part and two lateral parts. The central part, flat, has a round or oval shape below, while the upper part with a spatula forms the handle with which the instrument is held.The two lateral parts, as big as the lower part of the central one, are slightly concave and are tied with ribbons to the intermediate one, through holes made in all three pieces of wood, at the height corresponding to the base of the handle. Shaking the instrument, the side woods collide with the central part, producing the characteristic sound.

The outer parts of the Castagnette were embellished with drawings and inlays.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=USQyyGYP8m4&feature=share

# data[].attributes.headline
traditional italian musical instrument: PUTIPU' 

# data[].attributes.subject
traditional italian musical instrument: PUTIPU' 

# data[].attributes.body
Neapolitan folklore fueled by putipù In Naples  was initially called "Caccavella". However, because of the noise it reproduces, its onomatopoea, it has become the nickname by which to indicate the instrument. Here, then, in the long run on the mouths of the Neapolitans the instrument becomes Putipù

# data[].attributes.body
Image of the Neapolitan Mandolin

# data[].attributes.body
The mandolin, traditional italian musical instrument.
The Mandolin is a widespread stringed musical instrument of Italian origins.  It evolved in the 18th century from the 16th-century mandora.
THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTS OF THE MANDOLIN ARE: NECK, SOUNDBOARD and KEYS.
THE HANDLE:
The handle is about 40 centimeters long. Its rear profile can be more or less rounded depending on the model. In addition, in some modern mandolins the handle is stiffened inside by truss rod, which is an adjustable metal rod with a hex nut .
THE KEYBOARD:

The fingerboard, which is part of the neck, is adorned with marker inlays which are also usually replicated on the side of the neck. At the beginning of the fingerboard is the nut, which is a precisely shaped and grooved bar of bone, which also determines the spacing and height of the strings on the fingerboard.

THE KEYS:

The frets in ancient times were made of hand-shaped raw brass. Today, the metal constituting the keys is nickel. In addition, some manufacturers have adopted stainless steel keys for their instruments. The number of frets varies from 17, for inexpensive studio models, to 29 for concert mandolins.
Petrone Serena

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Tu vuò fa l'americano Posteggia Chitarra voce e mandolino Jitanogroup non solo musica

# data[].attributes.body
The Celtic harp is an ancient stringed musical instrument, widespread in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany and Galicia, to play and accompany Celtic music. It has enjoyed a resurgence in popularity in Brittany since the 1950s.

# data[].attributes.headline
music video with bombarde and bagpipes in brittany (bretagne)

# data[].attributes.subject
music video with bombarde and bagpipes in brittany (bretagne)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
🎶 Bombarde Cornemuse musique Bretagne - TV Quiberon 24/7

# data[].attributes.headline
typical instrument of Auvergne ( France )

# data[].attributes.subject
typical instrument of Auvergne ( France )

# data[].attributes.body
Video of the typical hurdy-gurdy instrument of Auvergne (France)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Vielle à roue solo ( hurdy gurdy) : "montée des bois de Vaux"(trad. Morvan)

# data[].attributes.headline
traditional instrument of Brittany (bretagne): Bagpipes

# data[].attributes.subject
traditional instrument of Brittany (bretagne): Bagpipes

# data[].attributes.body
The bagpipe is a wind musical instrument and more particularly a reed one. typical of Brittany

# data[].attributes.headline
traditional instrument from Auvergne ( France )

# data[].attributes.subject
traditional instrument from Auvergne ( France )

# data[].attributes.body
The most typical instruments are first the hurdy-gurdy

# data[].attributes.headline
traditional instrument of Brittany (bretagne): the bombard

# data[].attributes.subject
traditional instrument of Brittany (bretagne): the bombard

# data[].attributes.body
The bombarde is a double reed wind musical instrument from the oboe family, used in traditional Breton music.

# data[].attributes.body
To play the musette we use the accordion

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Un petit air d'Accordéon Français ( musette )

# data[].attributes.body
Instrument used in many French music including the musette