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Famous People with Autism Spectrum Disorder 

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Famous People with Autism Spectrum Disorder 

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Temple Grandin Ph.D: Diagnosed with autism in 1949. Became a professor of animal science at Colorado State University

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Leo Kanner: The term refrigerator mother
Bruno Bettelheim: Propagated "refrigerator mother" to describe an emotionally unavailable and "cold" and detached mother.

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Psychological Theories of Autism Spectrum                                         Disorder 

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Psychological Theories of Autism Spectrum                                         Disorder 

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There are three psychological theories that explain some characteristics of ASD. They include, impaired theory of mind, weak central coherence and impaired executive function.
1. Impaired Theory of Mind

Refers to the ability to recognize and understand thoughts, beliefs, desires and intentions of other people in order to make sense of their behaviors and predict what is going to happen next.

- It is ofter referred to as "mind blindness" or the example of "difficulty putting oneself in another persons shoes."
- Children with ASD typically don't recognize or understand cues that indicate the thoughts or feelings of another person at a level expected for someone of their age.

2. Weak Central Coherence

Children with autism can be remarkable good at attending to detail but appear to have difficulty perceiving and understanding the overall picture or gist of something.

- An example of this is rolling a piece of paper into a tube like a telescope and looking at the world through the tube. The details are visible but the context isn't perceived.
- Typical children have a broader cognitive perspective than a child with autism. While in the classroom, the problem might not be attention but instead focus.
The child becomes preoccupied with detail, focusing on parts rather than wholes.

3. Impaired Executive Function
Executive function includes:

Organizational and planning abilities

Working memory

Inhibition and impulse control

Time management and prioritizing

Using new strategies

- Children with ASD have been recognized as having problems with executive function.
- The main signs of impaired executive function include difficulties with inhibiting a response, working memory and using new strategies.
- Many children with autism are known fro being impulsive in schoolwork and social situations, appearing to respond without thinking of the context, consequences, and previous experience.

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Severity Scales for Autism Spectrum Disorder 

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Severity Scales for Autism Spectrum Disorder 

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Level 1: "Requiring Support"

Difficulty initiating social interactions.

Appear to have decreased interest in social interactions.

Difficult time switching between activities.

Problems of organization and planning hamper independence.

Level 2: "Requiring Substantial Support"

Marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills.

Social impairments apparent even with supports in place.

Distress and/or difficulty changing focus or action.

Difficulty coping with change, inflexibility of behaviors.

Level 3: "Requiring Very Substantial Support"

Severe defects in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills.

Very limited initiation of social interactions.

Inflexibility of behavior, extreme difficulty coping with change.

Great distress/ difficulty changing focus or action.

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It is not included in the DSM- 5

Asperger Syndrome , which has been the general term fro over two decades is now called ASD Level One.

The concept of Asperger's Syndrome hasn't disappeared, it has just been replaced with the new diagnostic term: ASD Level 1 without language or intellectual impairment.

All children and adults previously diagnosed should be given the diagnosis of ASD.

The term Asperger's Syndrome is more understood by the general public