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Embryological Developmental Characteristics-
Some species undergo direct development while others undergo indirect. Some do not have a larval stage.
Major Groups within phyla-  Chelicerates
Crustaceans
Trilobites(extinct)
Uniramians
Distinction of how groups are different- They have different number of legs.
Some have two main pars to the body while others just have one.
Important Anatomical Characteristics-
Jointed appendages, segmented bodies, chitinous exoskeleton.
Important life cycles within groups- Larva stage, Pupa stage, and the process of metamorphosis
Media about the goups (video, pictures, web sites)

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics- Triploblastic, Eucoelomates, and protostomes. Blastopore eventually becomes mouth.
Major Groups within phyla-
Gastropods
Bivalves
Cephalopods
Distinction of how groups are different-
Gastropods- foot comes from stomach, bilateral symmetry
Bivalves- two shells hinged together, filter feeders
Cephalopods- tentacles protrude out of head, large head, release ink to escape predators
Important Anatomical Characteristics-
Upper surface covered by shell formed secreations of mantle. feet carry out different functions,
foot modified into a sucker in some cases
Important life cycles within groups-  females leave fertalized eggs in the water eggs hatch within two weeks
Media about the goups (video, pictures, web sites)

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics-
Segmental development. Circular muscles from a set of muscles at the segment borders
Major Groups within phyla-
Polychaeta
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Distinction of how groups are different-
Polychaeta- each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions with many bristles
Oligochaeta- Have bristles on the outside of their body
Hirudinea-  no bristles, a sucker on each end
Important Anatomical Characteristics-
5 pairs of aortic arches that pump blood,  Brain runs along back to the anterior and is just a mass of verve cells , Ventral nerve cord helps worm respond to stimuli
Important life cycles within groups-
Asexual, live up to 10 years

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics-
three embryonic layers. Functional reproductive organs of both sexes.
Major Groups within phyla-
Turbellaria
Trematoda
Cestoda
Monogenea
Distinction of how groups are different-
Turbellaria- divided into five groups based on digestive cavity
Trematoda- oral suckers, sometimes with hooks. reproductive system occupies almost entire interior.
Cestoda- tapeworms, no mouth or digestive system.
Monogenea- parasites that stay on a single host, often the gills of a fish. Most of the body is the reproductive system
Important Anatomical Characteristics- Flat, sense organ comes from the head, produces eggs and sperm, cross fertilization is typical. Can regenerate parts of the body.
Important life cycles within groups- can have 1,2,3 hosts. Adults host on vertebrate animals while larval forms are hosts of insects or free living.
Media about the goups (video, pictures, web sites)

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics-
There is no larval stage, embryo develop into adult without metamorphosis.
Major Groups within phyla-
Monogononta
Bdelloidea
Seisonidea
Distinction of how groups are different-
Monogononta- diploid
Bdelloidea- ability to survive in dry harsh environments. Parthenogenetic reproduction
Seisonidea- Males and females are of equal size. Long elongate body with less corona
Important Anatomical Characteristics-
Head without cilia.
Lateral antennae at end of trunk
tail covered in circular rings
Important life cycles within groups-
sexes are seperate with sexual dimorphism. Most are females

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics- Dorsal hollow nerve cord develops into the Central nervous system and he notochord gives the phylum the name. It also develops into he Vertebral column.
Major Groups within phyla-  Vertebrates
tunicates
lancelets
taxon Craniata
Distinction of how groups are different-
hagfish- jawless
Tunicates- invertebrate chordates
vertebrates- many different forms but all have spine
Important Anatomical Characteristics- includes animals that at one point in time had a notochord.
Important life cycles within groups- Fertilization occurs externally, asexual reproduction takes place in tunicates

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics- Two embryonic layers. Contain specialized cells that contain organelles called nematocysts.
Major Groups within phyla-  Anthozoa
Cubozoa
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Distinction of how groups are different-
Anthozoa- true corals, anemones, sea pens
Cubozoa- box jellies, complex eyes and toxins
Hydrozoa- most diverse group with siphonophores, hydroids, fire corals, and many medusae
Scyphozoa- true jellyfish
Important Anatomical Characteristics-
Tentacles are used for feeding and grasping
Mesoglea helps get all the water they need
Nematocysts help detect prey that is near
Important life cycles within groups- Polyp asexual
Medusa- sexual
Media about the goups (video, pictures, web sites)

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics-  It is still unclear if they have gastrulation cell movements during early  development. Data shows that sponges have no embryonic layers.
Major Groups within phyla-
Calcarea
Hexatinellida
demosponges
Distinction of how groups are different-
Demosponges- asymmemtrical
Hexatinellida- strong bases stand upright
Calcarea-
skeletons made up of calcium carbonate
Important Anatomical Characteristics-
Primarily made up of spicules and spongin. spicules are needle shaped structures that act as the sponges skeleton.
Important life cycles within groups- Sponges function as either male or female. They can produce their own eggs and sperm at different times. they can produce offspring asexually, sexually

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Embryological Developmental Characteristics- they are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae but when they are adults they are metamorphose to radially symmetrical.
Major Groups within phyla- Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea, Echinoidea, and Crinoidea
Distinction of how groups are different-
Asteroidea- Starfish
Opjiuroidea- brittle stars
Holothuroidea- Sea cucumbers
Echinoidea- Sea urchins
Crinoidea- Sea lilies
Important Anatomical Characteristics- They have a unique water vascular system with a network of fluid canals derived from coelom that function in gas exchange, feeding, snesory reception and locomotion
Important life cycles within groups
Most species have males and females and have sexual reproduction there are a few species of sea cucumbers, starfishes, and brittle stars that can also reproduce asexually.