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Valeria P. Algarín L.
Apiphobia is fear of bees.
A bee doesn't represent any danger but this fear is usually associated with lack of kkowledge because people don't know that  bees attack only  in defense of their hives.

This fear is usually given in children when they play outdoors and without knowing they stumble a bee. The sting can be painful, provoke allergic reactions or result in swelling which may last for several days.

We can know when people have apiphobia because they trembling, shortness of breath have feelings of dread when exposed to or even thinking about bees.

For the treatment is usually best left to a mental health practitioner or exposure therapy because is recommended that people place themselves in a comfortable open environment and move closer to the bees.

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Nomophobia is a proposed name for the phobia of being out of cellular phone contact. It is, however, arguable that the word "phobia" is misused and that in the majority of cases it is another form of anxiety disorder.

Some symptoms are:

respiratory alterations

trembling

perspiration

agitation

disorientation

tachycardia

depression

panic

fear

dependence

rejection

low self-esteem

loneliness

Currently, scholarly accepted and empirically proven treatments are very limited due to its relatively new concept. However, promising treatments include cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and combined with pharmacological interventions.  Treatments using tranylcypromine and clonazepam were successful in reducing the effects of nomophobia.
-Daniela Anaya-

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Androphobia               Tairon Piñeres 9°

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Androphobia               Tairon Piñeres 9°

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Men and women have been living together on this Earth since years. One can't exist without the other, However, some people, especially young female, can be extremely fearful of men. Such type of abnormal and intense dread of men is known as Androphobia.
Androphobia is derived from rhe Greek "Andros" (man) and "phobos" (fear).
Common symptoms that can occur with people having adrophobia are
1. Intense, constant and unreasonable dread of men
2. Extremely nervous, conscious around men
3. Avoiding any kind of relationship or associstion with men
Treatements
Different psychotherapies and medicines can be used for treatement for Androphobia
Like Exposure therapy with Relaxation, and Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) that is a Psychotherapy which is focused on understanding the thoughts and Behavior of a person.
Medicines
Commonly used are anti-anxiety and anti-depressant medicines

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Mateo Caro
A person is claustrophobic if feels fear of being in a small space. This fear can be triggered by things like windowless room, a crowded elevator or being in a congested way. This is one of the most common phobias, you may feel like you’re having a panic attack, but Claustrophobia is not a panic disorder.

When anxiety levels reach a certain level, the person may start to experience sweating and chills, accelerated heart rate, high blood pressure, dizziness, fainting, and lightheadedness, dry mouth and hyperventilation.

The best tips for control the claustrophobia are:

*Breathe slowly and deeply.

*Focus on something safe and confortable

*Visualize and focus on a place or moment that brings you calm.

*Try to practice the situations in your house for answering calmly in case of being attacked of claustrophobia

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Ophidiophobia is the official term used to describe an intense or irrational fear of snakes. Is the second most common phobias present in the world. Studies show that about 10 percent of the world population has Ophidiophobia. This phobia can occur to anyone regardless of age, sex or any other personal attributes.
Ophidiophobia may be caused by three separate possible issues: personal, witnessed, or impersonal
-  Personal: A personal fear experience with snakes might involve accidentally stepping on a snake.

-  Witnessed: A witnessed fear experience is usually something that happens to a friend or family member.

-  Impersonal: Might include hearing about the dangers of snakes through media such as television or radio reports.
Ophidiophobia can occur either mildly or else severely. If people have mild ophidiophobia, then they experience extreme fear only when  actually witness large and poisonous snakes.  If it’s a severe case then even small and tame snakes can cause the anxiety to occur intensely.
Only a mental health professional can determine if your fear is of phobic proportions and help you determine the correct treatment plan to aid you in mitigating the symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure therapy are the best options for treatment, because they both directly address your fear by slowly helping you to change your perception, actions and response to snakes.

-Stiven Lizarazo López.

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Cinofobia, refers to an abnormal fear (phobia) and excessive fear by dogs, may be due to some traumatic situation generated by a dog. In most cases this fear is acquired in childhood.

The condition of cynophobia can manifest itself in different ways. Some people may feel mild anxiety, in the presence of dogs, or may have panic attacks if they come in contact with dogs, or even see them on television or at the movies. Mid-range symptoms, which may be experienced separately or together may include irritation, sweating, tachycardia, feelings of anger, tremors, difficulty breathing, or nausea.

In some cases the treatment may focus on early identification because of fear, although this is not always possible. Other therapies work to help by gradually exposing people with the phobia of stimuli (images, movies, and then possibly the eventual contact with a dog) to help them overcome their fear.

Some people with cynophobia are also helped with prescriptions for anti-anxiety medications. However, until fear is overcome, it can still be difficult for people to be around others who have dogs and their relationships can be limited to people who do not have dogs.

-Mariana Ramos Murcia-

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Juan Carlos Pérez.

necrophobia is a type the fear that consist of  the fear of death, dead things such as corpses, as well as certain things associated with death such as coffins. Those who suffer from this condition can not explain clearly the chilling feeling they experience when facing a mummy or a corpse.
these people may suffer panic attacks when exposed to elements that recall or symbolize death; among these elements, we find many present in everyday life: A church, a tombstone, a corpse (even animal), a coffin until funeral cars. In the most severe cases, these people may experience a panic attack, experiencing symptoms such as: dry mouth, rapid and irregular heartbeat, difficulty breathing, excessive sweating and insomnia (long-term). These people often are unable to attend events such as funerals, and may develop severe anxiety symptoms regarding these types of situations; Some people can only feel anxiety when they are near a cemetery, while others may experience panic only when watching a horror movie.

to overcome necrophobia, there are certain steps or tips to follow:

1)confront  this fear with the intention of reducing its effect in your mind and making these situations less frightening

2)When you face this situation that generate intense fear, try to think of good and positive things. Avoid associating the situation with negative thoughts, avoid anxiety so as not to panic, think positive and hold on to that thought to stay relaxed.

3)control your thoughts and try to generate different reactions to the same stimuli, thus diverting the disease or fear of less unpleasant reactions.

4)accept the death as something natural that will happen to all of us and what we should not fear

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Nicol Jiménez.9°

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We all have at least a little fear to pain, and naturally no one really enjoys pain and do their best to avoid it, but there are people that don’t have a simple fear, but a morbid and irrational fear to pain.

This phobia vary by the person, also  agliophobia suffereres tend to think that pain is existent in some situtation, that is not,leading them to fear everyday situations and objects, such as sewing with needles and therefore they suffer constant anxiety, weakness, panic attacks and a feeling of loss of control.

The most frequent cause are trauma situations like car crash, broken bones, etc. It also can be physical,having certain people that are also genetically predisposed to be more sensitive to pain and that have low tolerance of pain.

Various types of therapy can help, such as Cognitive-Behavioral therapy, group therapy, etc. Pain management is crucial to overcome this phobia. One can do it calming the body and mind, includind relaxation techniques and other activities such as: yoga, listening music and meditation. Medication is an option, for those who are physichally more sensitive to pain or just to alleviate anxiety.
Kinel Martinez.

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By Ryder Jose Barrios Arias

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Fear of flying is a of being on an airplane (aeroplane), or other flying vehicle, such as a helicopter, while in flight. It is also referred to as flying phobia, flight phobia, aviophobia or aerophobia (although the last also means a fear of drafts or of fresh air)

Anticipatory anxiety of being out of control and overwhelmed can prevent a person from planning to travel by air. The thought of an upcoming flight can cause great distress, particularly when compelled to travel by air. The most extreme manifestations can include panic attacks or vomiting at the mere sight or mention of an aircraft or air travel.

A previous traumatic experience linked to airplanes can also cause a fear of flying. For example, the experience of flying to a meeting only to discover that one has been fired can be so traumatizing that it creates an association between any airplane trip and bad events.

Currently, the technique that has the most empirical support to treat the fear of flying is that of exposure.

It is a common tool of the behavioral cognitive approach. It has proven its effectiveness both through live exhibitions, that is, in the real flight situation, as well as through virtual reality systems.
-Natalia Quiroga-

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Blood phobia is the extreme and irrational fear of blood, a type of specific phobia. Severe cases of this fear can cause physical reactions  that are uncommon in most other fears, specifically vasovagal syncope (fainting). These phobias are categorized as "blood-injection-injury phobia by the DSM-IV. Some early texts refer to this category as "blood-injury-illness phobia.

Blood phobia is often caused by direct or vicarious trauma in childhood or adolescence. Though some have suggested a possible genetic link, a study of twins suggests that social learning and traumatic events, rather than genetics, is of greater significance.

The standard approach to treatment is the same as with other phobias - cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization, and possibly medications to help with the anxiety and discomfort.  In recent years, the technique known as applied tension, applying tension to the muscles in an effort to increase blood pressure, has increasingly gained favor as an often effective treatment for blood phobia associated with drops in blood pressure and fainting.
-Cynthia Torres-

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Some people in the world who also suffer from anxiety disorders related to sleep, prominent among which is a condition called Somniphobia.
The fear of sleep is related to fear of the unknown. Often the sufferer is terrified of what might happen if s/he falls asleep. One fears being ‘out of control’.  Many are afraid of having nightmares or fear being unable to ‘hear’ their loved ones call out to them.

Somniphobia is related to a host of other phobias like fear of sleepwalking, fear of nightmares or fearing dying in sleep (Thanatophobia), Death, Sleep paralysis.

Panic and anxiety attacks are the most common symptoms of fear of sleep phobia. Thus, symptoms of Somniphobia can lead to reduced memory, mental awareness and loss of control.
-Lina Utria-

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[María José Machado]
Astraphobia  is an atypical  fear to  thunder and lightning.  This phobia can be present both in  humans and animals.

Some symptoms are : trembling, crying, sweating, panicked reactions, the sudden feeling of using the bathroom, nausea, the feeling of dread, fingers in the ears and rapid heartbeat. Many people who have astraphobia will look for extra shelter from the storm. They might hide underneath a bed, under the covers, in a closet, in a basement, or any other space where they feel safer.

The most widely used and possibly the most effective treatment for astraphobia is exposure to thunderstorms and eventually building an  immunity. Cognitive behavioral therapy is also often used to treat astraphobia. The patient will in many cases be instructed to repeat phrases to himself or herself in order to become calm during a storm. Heavy breathing exercises can reinforce this effort.
It is a picture of  person with astraphobia  in a thunderstorm.

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Glossophobia or speech anxiety is the fear of public speaking.

its symptoms are: physical distress, nauseas, feelings of panic, intense anxiety and to avoidance of events which focus the group's attention.
The causes of glossophobia may vary. Often, it can be linked to traumatic experiences, or fearful events occurring during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood in which the speaker endured a traumatic childhood experience related to the public speaking.

Some tips for attack this phobia are:
1. To take couses of oral expression.
2. Pills that to decrease the anxiety
3. Psychotherapy to achieve the self confidence.
4. To be prepared, to relax and to be sure of ourselves.

By: Estein A. Peña J.

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the social phobia also know like social anxiety disorder (SAD)it consist the fear in one or more social situations  causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life. For example if you are in a reunion, you feel fear, your mind blanks out and think that people are saying you "loser"

Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, trembling, palpitations, and nausea.
his causes can be genetically or social experiences, like hearing something negative about someone, being bullied etc.

It can be treat with medication or with a psichotherapies, but if you don't want pay a medication or  psycotherapist, just don't think what's thinking people, if they are talking bad of you, say in your  mind, all that they say is a lie, it doesn't matter your life to him or her

- Carlos Mendoza

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Agoraphobia                  It is an anxiety disorder that consists of the fear of situations whose avoidance is difficult or embarrassing, or where you cannot receive help in case of suffering a panic attack. It is related to intense fear of open or public spaces where crowds may occur. It is probably generated by some negative experience, who by avoiding similar situations is developing a learning mechanism that makes the problem remain. It could bring with it others phobias as anuptaphobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia and so many more. The treatment is nothing more than a face-to-face confrontation with the problem and consists of 3 steps. Here the patient is reeducated with theory and knowledge about the central theme, interoceptive (in vitro) exposures and real (in vivo) exposures are made.

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Agoraphobia                  It is an anxiety disorder that consists of the fear of situations whose avoidance is difficult or embarrassing, or where you cannot receive help in case of suffering a panic attack. It is related to intense fear of open or public spaces where crowds may occur. It is probably generated by some negative experience, who by avoiding similar situations is developing a learning mechanism that makes the problem remain. It could bring with it others phobias as anuptaphobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia and so many more. The treatment is nothing more than a face-to-face confrontation with the problem and consists of 3 steps. Here the patient is reeducated with theory and knowledge about the central theme, interoceptive (in vitro) exposures and real (in vivo) exposures are made.

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By: Diana Arias

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Thalassophia is a persistent and intense fear of the sea. It's a clinical phobia that is generally considered as a specific phobia, that means that it has similar symptoms as other specific phobias.  Sometimes it can produce anxiety disorder  and the doctor may prescribe medication for you.
Nervous people in ships or cruises is not really thalassophobia, this people not only fear  the ocean or the sea, but also the creatures under the water or the "unkown".

Thalassophobia can be treated with medication such as anxiolytics or cognitive-behavioral therapy, or a combination of both. Another way is "careful exposure". That means, bring the person to the sea in a controlled manner and supervised by a therapeutic professional or family member. If the phobia is because some traumatic event in the past, it's necessary to know what happened and therefore the exposure alone would not be enough.

- Alejandra Cabello.

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Camilo Chaves
Arachnophia is an extended phobia and probably the most common one among people. An arachnophobic is described as someone who was an irrational fear of spiders, scorpions or any other arachnids. This phobia is one of the most studied ones and it is believed that it has an evolutionary background, given the fact that venomous spider have the power to actually cause utter damage to the human body. Of course, it is also important to remember that this fear could be triggered as a mechanism of protection, because spiders are important to ecosystems and that is the kind of thing nature does to keep the balance when a specie is threatened.

It is important to be aware of the fact that arachnophobia is one of the most intense phobias, because, people who suffer it, can experience nasty feelings when in touch with these kind of animals. Besides, it can reach the point when it is not even necessary to be in touch with an actual spider; to some people it is enough to see a web or a really good picture of an spider/scorpion to trigger the same kind of irrational fear. The symptoms when people are arachnophobic are pretty much the same than any other phobia: some people scream, cry, have emotional outbursts, experience trouble breathing, sweat, have heart palpitations, or even faint.

The treatment, when it comes to try to actually get rid of the fear, is pretty much inexistent; that is why best thing an arachnophobic can do is to try to take over his own fear. The most extended technique is to go to relaxation therapy and when it reaches a decent point, people can actually start trying exposure therapy and try to keep it together when near spiders or their webs. Of course, there are ways to try to make it better, but there is nothing that can get rid of our fear, apart our own will.