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A wave vibrating in the direction of propagation.

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Refraction is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium. The phenomenon is explained by the conservation of energy and the conservation of momentum.

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The change in direction of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, away from a boundary the wave encounters.Reflected waves remain in their original medium rather than entering the medium they encounter.

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Diffraction is defined as a process by which light waves break up into dark and light bands or into the colors of the spectrum. Light passing through a narrow opening in the blinds, causing bright and dark shadows and patterns to fall across the floor is an example of diffraction.

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A substance, such as agar, in which bacteria or other microorganisms are grown for scientific purposes. A substance that makes possible the transfer of energy from one location to another, especially through waves.

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A wave vibrating at right angles to the direction of its propagation.

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A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position.

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Vibration, periodic back-and-forth motion of the particles of an elastic body or medium, commonly resulting when almost any physical system is displaced from its equilibrium condition and allowed to respond to the forces that tend to restore equilibrium.

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Trough (economics), the lowest turning point of a business cycle. Trough(geology), a long depression less steep than a trench. Trough (meteorology), an elongated region of low atmospheric pressure. Trough (physics), the lowest point on a wave.

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A crest is the point on a wave with the maximum value or upward displacement within a cycle. ... A point on the wave is a trough if the displacement of the medium at that point is at a minimum.