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English Pirates

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started a navigational school for the Portuguese people

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a tax on trade

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

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a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive.

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6.	How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? 

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6.	How did the Chinese and Japanese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? 

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China • Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade • Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade • Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain) Japan • Characterized by a powerless emperor controlled by a military leader (shogun) • Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences

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5.	What was the triangular trade? What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas? 

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5.	What was the triangular trade? What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas? 

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The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded. Export of precious metals • Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia • Impact on indigenous empires of the Americas • Impact on Spain and international trade

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4.	What were the roles of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism in the growth of European nations? 

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4.	What were the roles of the Commercial Revolution and mercantilism in the growth of European nations? 

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Terms to know • mercantilism: An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become selfsufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country Commercial Revolution • European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources. • A new economic system emerged: – New money and banking systems were created. – Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved. – Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.

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3.	What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?—please include things that were exchanged. 

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3.	What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?—please include things that were exchanged. 

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Columbian Exchange • Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. • European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians. • European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians. Impact of the Columbian Exchange • Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves. • Slavery was based on race. • European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment.

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2.	What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?  

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2.	What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?  

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Americas • Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America • Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires • Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America • Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved • Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries Africa • European trading posts along the coast • Trade in slaves, gold, and other resources Asia • Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China) • Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)

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1.	What were the regional trade patterns and why were they important?  

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1.	What were the regional trade patterns and why were they important?  

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Traditional trade patterns linking Europe with Asia and Africa • Silk Routes across Asia to the Mediterranean basin • Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean • Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa • Northern European links with the Black Sea • Western European sea and river trade • South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia