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Debtors were imprisoned. As they were unable to make money while jailed, they often remained imprisoned for many years. This was unfair and a target of reform.

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Successes of the prison reform movement:

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Successes of the prison reform movement:

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- America was considered (by 1835) to have two of the most humane prisons across the globe in Pennsylvania
- State governments no longer jailed debtors
- Many states enacted special justice systems to handle children who face criminal charges
- Cruel punishments such as branding with hot irons were outlawed
- Europe was inspired and influenced by America's progress and took it upon themselves to improve their own systems

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Prisons were overly crowded. Conditions were inhumane and this was targeted by reformers.

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- Grew up in Massachusetts
- Ran away from alcoholic and abusive parents
- Opened a school in Boston and taught poor children
- Suffered from depression

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- Visited hundreds of jails and prisons in Massachusetts
- Argued that prisons were inhumane and torturous to inmates and especially the mentally ill
- Worked to create public asylums and safer institutions for inmates and the mentally ill
- Eventually traveled to Europe to advocate for prison reform there too
- Created successful reform in Europe

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- Cruel penetentiaries were created
- Penetentiaries were designed to isolate prisoners and bring them “back to virtue”
- Many inmates developed mental problems or committed suicide

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- Children did not have a separate justice system and were jailed with adults. Children could be imprisoned with adult criminals for even the smallest crimes
- Prison conditions were highly inhuman throughout the United States. The conditions were so poor that some inmates even committed suicide
- Inmates faced cruel punishments such as being branded with a hot iron

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- Create separate judgment for children
- Create better conditions for prisoners
- Create fairer punishment and treatment of prisoners