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'' ... your ever affectionate Mother''

AA uses this to reel JQA back in after a harsh scolding and saassy request to use the trip to his advantage by saying that she will for yet love him, no matter how flawed he is.

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"I hope you have had no occasion either from Enemies or the Dangers of the Sea to repent your second voyage to France."
This shows the audience how she cares for her son. Regardless of her bitter attitude later in the letter, she shows compassion in this opening line. This shows her son that his mother cares for him which will make him feel loved.

"...to a river that increases its stream the farther it flows from its source..."
This shows her son how the farther he gets from her, the more he has to grow as a person.

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AA uses ethos:
1. She states in line 21, "Great necessities call out great virtues."

2. This would accomplish her overall purpose of persuading John Q. Adams to take up the advantageous opportunities in France by bringing about moral obligation for his country.

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1. AA's use of ethos:

"It iwll be excpeted of you my son that as you are favourd with superiour advantages under the instructive Eye of a tender parent,

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1. AA's use of ethos:
-She states, "You however have readily submitted to my advice..."
-"...that you have a parent who has taken so large and active a share in this contest..."
2. This would accomplish her overall purpose of persuading her son, JQA, to appreciate the benefits of going to France by establishing her credibility of a caring, wise mother. She notes that JQA has followed her wise words, and she deeply cares about him, thus proving he will not be let down by her.

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1. AA's use of ethos:
She says, "[Y]ou will not swerve from her dictates, but add justice, fortitude, and every Manly Virtue which can adorn a good citizen, do Honour to your Country, and render your parents supreemly happy."

2. Adams invokes ethos with this statement in order to imply to her son that it is morally correct to add those qualities to his own character, honor his own country, and bring pride to his parents. This also reinforces her want to convince him to stay in France, as it gives him a moral purpose to stay.

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1) “Under the instructive Eye of a tender parent, that your improvements should bear some proportion to your advantages.” This accomplishes her purpose of encouraging him to make the family proud because it reminds John that she knows his character.

2) “Do honor your country, and render your parents supremely happy, particularly your ever affectionate mother.” This accomplishes her purpose of encouraging John to better his character because it persuades him to do something for his family—for his mother.

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1. AA's use of ethos:
* She says, "I cannot fulfill the whole of my duty towards you, if I close this Letter, without reminding you of a failing which calls for a strict attention and watchfull care to correct"

2.This would accomplish her overall purpose of persuading John Quincy Adams  to take the opportunity to go to France to gain experience with his father by exhibiting her deep consideration for her son. Presenting a deep consideration shows that she is willing to provide succor towards her own son, therefore, proving that she is a caring speaker who is considerate toward the audience [Abigail Adam's Son].

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'' My dear Son''

Puts JQA in his place as the son, asserting her authority on the subject matter over him

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The author

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1.  AA's use of ethos:
* She says, "ncvlkdszjfklj"
* "lkjdflkjwalkjf"
"jndckjd"

2. This would accomplish her overall purpose of ____ by ___