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How the Gamestop stock saga shook up Wall Street

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Ryan Grim: General Strike LOOMING? Why 10K John Deere Workers WALKED OFF The Job, In Their Words

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The Panama Papers, explained with piggy banks

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A massive document leak reveals the secrets of shell companies. Matt Yglesias explains, adapting an analogy from reddit user DanGliesack: https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikei... For much more on the Panama Papers, check out the full explanation at Vox.com: http://www.vox.com/2016/4/3/11356326/... Subscribe to our channel!

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What is causing the global supply chain crisis?

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The Lottery: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

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Adam Ruins Everything - How the Fine Art Market is a Scam | truTV

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On GPS: What is behind the US labor shortage? - CNN Video

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The Washington Post’s Heather Long and Fareed parse out the reasons why US employers are having trouble hiring even as the economy recovers from Covid.

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Like most other American high school students, Garret Morgan had it drummed into him constantly: Go to college. Get a bachelor's degree.

"All through my life it was, 'if you don't go to college you're going to end up on the streets,' " Morgan said. "Everybody's so gung-ho about going to college."

So he tried it for a while. Then he quit and started training as an ironworker, which is what he is doing on a weekday morning in a nondescript high-ceilinged building with a concrete floor in an industrial park near the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.

Email us at npred@npr.org.

Morgan and several other men and women are dressed in work boots, hard hats and Carhartt's, clipped to safety harnesses with heavy wrenches hanging from their belts. They're being timed as they wrestle 600-pound I-beams into place.

Seattle is a forest of construction cranes, and employers are clamoring for skilled ironworkers. Morgan, who is 20, is already working on a job site when he isn't at the Pacific Northwest Ironworkers shop. He gets benefits, including a pension, from employers at the job sites where he is training. And he is earning $28.36 an hour, or more than $50,000 a year, which is almost certain to steadily increase.

Some 30 million jobs in the United States that pay an average of $55,000 per year don't require bachelor's degrees.

As for his friends from high school, "they're still in college," he said with a wry grin. "Someday maybe they'll make as much as me."
Raising alarms
While a shortage of workers is pushing wages higher in the skilled trades, the financial return from a bachelor's degree is softening, even as the price - and the average debt into which it plunges students - keeps going up.

But high school graduates have been so effectively encouraged to get a bachelor's that high-paid jobs requiring shorter and less expensive training are going unfilled. This affects those students and also poses a real threat to the economy.

"Parents want success for their kids," said Mike Clifton, who teaches machining at the Lake Washington Institute of Technology, about 20 miles from Seattle. "They get stuck on [four-year bachelor's degrees], and they're not seeing the shortage there is in tradespeople until they hire a plumber and have to write a check."

In a new report, the Washington State Auditor found that good jobs in the skilled trades are going begging because students are being almost universally steered to bachelor's degrees.

Among other things, the Washington auditor recommended that career guidance - including choices that require less than four years in college - start as early as the seventh grade.

"There is an emphasis on the four-year university track" in high schools, said Chris Cortines, who co-authored the report. Yet, nationwide, three out of 10 high school grads who go to four-year public universities haven't earned degrees within six years, according to the National Student Clearinghouse. At four-year private colleges, that number is more than 1 in 5.

"Being more aware of other types of options may be exactly what they need," Cortines said. In spite of a perception "that college is the sole path for everybody," he said, "when you look at the types of wages that apprenticeships and other career areas pay and the fact that you do not pay four years of tuition and you're paid while you learn, these other paths really need some additional consideration."

And it's not just in Washington state.

"Parents want success for their kids. They get stuck on [four-year bachelor's degrees], and they're not seeing the shortage there is in tradespeople until they hire a plumber and have to write a check.

Seventy-percent of construction companies nationwide are having trouble finding qualified workers, according to the Associated General Contractors of America; in Washington, the proportion is 80 percent.

There are already more trade jobs like carpentry, electrical, plumbing, sheet-metal work and pipe-fitting than Washingtonians to fill them, the state auditor reports. Many pay more than the state's average annual wage of $54,000.

Construction, along with health care and personal care, will account for one-third of all new jobs through 2022, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. There will also be a need for new plumbers and new electricians. And, as politicians debate a massive overhaul of the nation's roads, bridges and airports, the U.S. Department of Education reports that there will be 68 percent more job openings in infrastructure-related fields in the next five years than there are people training to fill them.

"The economy is definitely pushing this issue to the forefront," said Amy Morrison Goings, president of the Lake Washington Institute of Technology, which educates students in these fields. "There isn't a day that goes by that a business doesn't contact the college and ask the faculty who's ready to go to work."

In all, some 30 million jobs in the United States that pay an average of $55,000 per year don't require bachelor's degrees, according to the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce.

Yet the march to bachelor's degrees continues. And while people who get them are more likely to be employed and make more money than those who don't, that premium appears to be softening; their median earnings were lower in 2015, when adjusted for inflation, than in 2010.

"There's that perception of the bachelor's degree being the American dream, the best bang for your buck," said Kate Blosveren Kreamer, deputy executive director of Advance CTE, an association of state officials who work in career and technical education. "The challenge is that in many cases it's become the fallback. People are going to college without a plan, without a career in mind, because the mindset in high school is just, 'Go to college.' "

It's not that finding a job in the trades, or even manufacturing, means needing no education after high school. Most regulators and employers require certificates, certifications or associate degrees. But those cost less and take less time than earning a bachelor's degree. Tuition and fees for in-state students to attend a community or technical college in Washington State, for example, come to less than half the cost of a four-year public university, the state auditor points out, and less than a tenth of the price of attending a private four-year college.

People with career and technical educations are also more likely to be employed than their counterparts with academic credentials, the U.S. Department of Education reports, and significantly more likely to be working in their fields of study.

Young people don't seem to be getting that message. The proportion of high school students who earned three or more credits in occupational education - typically an indication that they're interested in careers in the skilled trades - has fallen from 1 in 4 in 1990 to 1 in 5 now, according to the U.S. Department of Education.

Washington is not the only state devoting attention to this. California is spending $200 million to improve the delivery of career and technical education. Iowa community colleges and businesses are collaborating to increase the number of "work-related learning opportunities," including apprenticeships, job shadowing and internships. Tennessee has made its technical colleges free.

So severe are looming shortages of workers in the skilled trades in Michigan that Gov. Rick Snyder in February announced a $100 million proposal he likens to the Marshall Plan that rebuilt Europe after World War II.

At the federal level, there is bipartisan support for making Pell grants available for short-term job-training courses and not just university tuition. The Trump administration supports the idea.

For all the promises to improve vocational education, however, a principal federal source of money for it, called Tech-Prep, hasn't been funded since 2011. A quarter of states last year reduced their own funding for postsecondary career and technical education, according to the National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education.
The branding issue
Money isn't the only issue, advocates for career and technical education say. An even bigger challenge is convincing parents that it leads to good jobs.

"They remember 'voc-ed' from when they were in high school, which is not necessarily what they aspire to for their own kids," Kreamer said.

The parents "are definitely harder to convince because there is that stigma of the six-pack-totin' ironworker," said Greg Christiansen, who runs the ironworkers training program. Added Kairie Pierce, apprenticeship and college director for the Washington State Labor Council of the AFL-CIO: "It sort of has this connotation of being a dirty job. 'It's hard work - I want something better for my son or daughter.' "

Of the $200 million that California is spending on vocational education, $6 million is going into a campaign to improve the way people regard it. The Lake Washington Institute of Technology changed its name from Lake Washington Technical College, said Goings, its president, to avoid being stereotyped as a vocational school.

These perceptions fuel the worry that, if students are urged as early as the seventh grade to consider the trades, then low-income, first-generation and ethnic and racial minority high school students will be channeled into blue-collar jobs while wealthier and white classmates are pushed by their parents to get bachelor's degrees.

"When CTE was vocational education, part of the reason we had a real disinvestment from the system was because we were tracking low-income and minority kids into these pathways," Kreamer said. "There is this tension between, do you want to focus on the people who would get the most benefit from these programs, and - is that tracking?"

In a quest for prestige and rankings, and to bolster real-estate values, high schools also like to emphasize the number of their graduates who go on to four-year colleges and universities.

Jessica Bruce followed that path, enrolling in community college after high school for one main reason: because she was recruited to play fast-pitch softball. "I was still trying to figure out what I wanted to do with my life," she said.

Now, she's an apprentice ironworker, making $32.42 an hour, or more than $60,000 a year, while continuing her training. At 5-foot-2, "I can run with the big boys," she said, laughing.

As for whether anyone looks down on her for not having a bachelor's degree, Bruce doesn't particularly care.

"The misconception," she said, "is that we don't make as much money."

And then she laughed again.

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High-Paying Trade Jobs Sit Empty, While High School Grads Line Up For University

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Huge shortages loom in the skilled trades, which require less - and cheaper - training. Should that make students rethink the four-year degree?

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Wisconsin leads the nation in farm bankruptcies this year, and dairy farmers are carrying the brunt of the burden.

According to NPR, nearly 10% of Wisconsin dairy farmers may go out of business in 2019. And Wisconsin has seen an increase in suicide rates over the last few years. According to the Wisconsin State Journal, experts are attributing many of those deaths to farmers facing economic challenges.

"You look at the weather, you look at the crops you can't get off the field, you look at the bills you can't pay," Patty Edelburg, vice president of the National Farmers Union, told Yahoo Finance. "Bankruptcies are up. Wisconsin is attributed as the No. 1 bankruptcy in the nation right now, when it comes to dairy farmers. That number is up, I think, 24% from last year already. We're losing two farms a day."

'They're literally being denied loans'

Over the past 15 years, there has been a 49% decrease in the number of dairy farms in Wisconsin. U.S. Courts data reveals that the Western District of Wisconsin had the highest number of Chapter 12 farm bankruptcies in 2017. And between 2016 and 2018, Wisconsin lost almost 1,200 dairy farms. (The USDA saw a 6.8% decrease in farms across the country in 2018.)

"Farming is such a stressful occupation by itself," Edelburg said. "When you start adding financial stress on top of it, it's just going to add more stress. Farmers can't pay their bills, they have no extra money, they have people honing down their neck looking to pay bills. They're going to banks and they can't get loans. They're literally being denied loans."

She explained that the USDA farm agency trains its farm loan officers in how to look for warning signs as part of suicide prevention.

"The bankers are the first and the forefront to see a lot of these things," Edelburg said. "They're delivering the bad news, and these farmers are dealing with it on that level."

'Farming is in his DNA'

The plight of Wisconsin dairy farmers has come under the spotlight recently. On Tuesday night, Wisconsin's agriculture secretary nominee, Brad Pfaff, was denied his post. This came after Pfaff criticized the state legislature's budget committee for refusing to release funds towards farmer mental health.

He noted that the current budget of the Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) had only enough money to help five farmers, and that the committee members had a choice to make: "Which five farmers will it be?" This didn't sit well with the Senate GOP who voted successfully against Pfaff's confirmation.

"Governor Evers is right about one thing: farmers are struggling," Wisconsin Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald (R) said in a statement. "Unfortunately, his pick for DATCP secretary was part of the problem, not the solution. He tried to place burdensome rules on Wisconsin farmers at a time they can least afford it and repeatedly engaged in partisan political games targeting the Legislature. The liberal Evers Administration has been no friend to farmers. The Senate will continue to take its role of oversight seriously and will exercise our responsibility to hold them in check."

Wisconsin's Senate Democratic Leader Jennifer Shilling (D-La Crosse) was among those in support of Pfaff's nomination.

"Brad was raised on a family farm in western Wisconsin and has dedicated his life to improving outcomes for our farmers," she said in a statement. "Simply put, farming is in his DNA. At a time when Wisconsin in the middle of a dairy crisis, it is irresponsible and callous for Republicans to reject the appointment of Brad Pfaff. Wisconsin communities are sick and tired of these petty political theatrics. It's time for Republicans to accept the results of the election last fall."

Darin Von Ruden, the president of the Wisconsin Farmers Union, said that Pfaff was right in his comments on farmer mental health.

"The real struggle that a lot of farmers face is when you are that third, fourth, even fifth generation to be on the land and all of a sudden, you become insolvent," he told Yahoo Finance. "The bankers or the creditors start coming after your farm and you end up losing it."

He added: "In a lot of cases, it's not any fault of that farmer themselves. It's really the system we have here in the United States. We're told on a monthly basis that we need to produce more to feed the world. More and more of the world is starting to feed themselves and that's part of the reason that production in the United States is starting to affect our prices so much."

'We have no brakes on the system'

Although there are numerous factors at play, the "main underlying cause" is the fact that there is overproduction, according to Wisconsin dairy farmer Sarah Lloyd.

"Farmers get pretty stuck with unpredictable prices," she told Yahoo Finance. "And so when the price is low and you've got a bunch of debt to service, the banker says, 'Well, why don't I lend you some more money and you can put some more cows on, and then you'll be better able to service your debt?' Then, when prices go high, obviously everyone scrambles to produce more to take advantage of the high prices. So, we have no brakes on the system."

Lloyd added: "If you take an Econ 101 class, you would imagine that when prices were low, that would reduce production because people would be backing off in response to the low price signal from the market. But people don't do that because they have to pay the bills. So, to me, it's like we're on a treadmill and we don't have any brakes on the treadmill."

Trade uncertainty is another factor at play for Wisconsin dairy farmers. As of June 2019, total U.S. dairy exports were down 8.1% year-to-date compared to 2018, according to data provided to Yahoo Finance by the U.S. Dairy Export Council.

Aside from the U.S.-China trade war, which has been a game of tit-for-tat tariffs since March 2018, dairy farmers are also still waiting for ratification of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which some see as a gateway for more dairy markets.

However, Edelburg doesn't think the USMCA is a "fix-all" for dairy farmer woes.

"The little bit of product that we're going to trade with Canada is going to be minuscule compared to the amount of product that we need to get off the supply," she said. "There's only so much that you can trade to Canada. They already have enough milk. The amount of milk that we're going to trade up there is going to be minuscule compared to what we need to get out of the country. We still have way too much supply in this country to think that Canada's going to be a fix-all. We have to find more, better export markets. Canada's not the fix-all for that."
Adriana is an associate editor for Yahoo Finance. Follow her on Twitter READ MORE: @adrianambells.

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'Losing two farms a day': Wisconsin is facing a serious dairy crisis

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Wisconsin leads the nation in farm bankruptcies this year, and dairy farmers are carrying the brunt of the burden. According to NPR, nearly 10% of Wisconsin dairy farmers may go out of business in 2019. And Wisconsin has seen an increase in suicide rates over the last few years.

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8 people though? seriously

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World's eight richest people have same wealth as poorest 50%

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A new report by Oxfam warns of the growing and dangerous concentration of wealth

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Voluntourism: More harm than good - The Feed

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Adam Ruins Everything - Why "Buy One, Give One" Companies Don't Help Anyone

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Juan Chavez runs Taqueria Chavez in Long Prairie, which is one of several Hispanic-owned businesses in the small central Minnesota town that has seen an influx of immigrants. Riham Feshir | MPR News

When Juan Chavez went to school in Long Prairie, Minn., in 1999, he was one of only four Hispanic students. He found it difficult to feel included.

"It was hard because they don't accept you," he recalled.

Now his 12-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter are students in the same district - and living a completely different experience.

"I think the kids right now, they're involved with other people," he said. "Before, it wasn't that easy."

The little Minnesota town of Long Prairie, an hour north of St. Cloud, is home to about 3,400 people. Most rural communities in the state have seen a population decline over the past two decades, but Long Prairie has grown - mostly because of Hispanic immigrants.

Chavez's family moved from Mexico in 1993. His father worked at one of the meatpacking plants in Long Prairie. Chavez, his mom and five siblings joined him, and have lived in the town ever since. He described Long Prairie as "pretty calm."

"You can go out of your house in the nights and don't worry about somebody going to get you or steal," he said. "It's safe."

Now the family owns a restaurant downtown, Taqueria Chavez. It's been open about six years. "If a Mexican sees the name Taqueria, he knows it will be authentic," Chavez said.

It started out as a little spot with two booths. It has expanded to include more seating. Chavez also owns the building with apartments upstairs.

The restaurant serves authentic Mexican food, like huarache and enchiladas made with corn tortillas. Chavez runs the place, but it was his mom's cooking that made it a reality.

After his father was killed during a trip to Mexico, his mother had a hard time dealing with the loss.

"My mom was really depressed, but she likes to cook a lot," Chavez said. Opening the restaurant, he said, was "doing something for her so she can pay rent. She doesn't have to be in the house all the time thinking of my dad."

Downtown Long Prairie is attracting Hispanic-owned restaurants and grocery stores, and a population that the mayor says is necessary to keep the business district thriving. Riham Feshir | MPR News

Taqueria Chavez is one of two Mexican restaurants in downtown Long Prairie. Next door, there is a Mexican bakery. A Mexican grocery store is a few blocks away.

The businesses illustrate a trend the city has seen over the past decade. Hispanic-owned businesses have replaced boarded-up shops downtown. There, you could find a Hispanic barber and Hispanic-owned apartment buildings. The city recently received a permit application for a new Puerto Rican restaurant that's planning to open downtown.

Mayor Don Rasmussen is proud of the trend, and he talks about it often.

"If we did not have the people in this city that we have today, the immigrants that have come here, we can put a padlock on every door downtown Long Prairie and lock up the houses and say goodbye," he said. "Because there would be nothing left."

Rasmussen has been mayor for 18 years. He moved to Long Prairie in 1968 for a job with delinquent youth at the Department of Corrections in nearby Sauk Centre. Rasmussen grew up in Jackson, just north of the Iowa border. The grade school he attended isn't there anymore. The gas stations and blacksmith shop aren't, either.

And it's not an unusual story.

A 2017 report from the Minnesota State Demographic Center found that the population in rural communities declined since 2000. At the same time, urban areas grew, accounting for 80 percent of Minnesota's population growth overall between 2000 and 2015.

But Long Prairie's story has played out differently. Over the past 20 years, jobs in the meatpacking plants have attracted a large number of Hispanic immigrants to town. In 2000, Hispanics and Latinos made up 9 percent of the city's population. That jumped to 32 percent in 2016, according to the most recent census data available.

One of the meatpacking plants is Dan's Prize, which is owned by Hormel. The company says it's committed to a diverse, multicultural team of employees. One of the people driving that commitment is Jeff Tobak, president of Dan's Prize.

"We have the highest respect for our diverse, multicultural team of employees, who passionately produce some of the most beloved brands for an equally diverse group of consumers," said a company statement attributed to Tobak. "Our company respects all cultures and values and appreciates diversity in our workplace. People like to work where they are appreciated and respected, two core values important to our company."

Another meatpacker, Long Prairie Packing, offers job applications in English and Spanish.

A city with demographics similar to Long Prairie's is Worthington, which has attracted attention for its growth in recent years as well. Now Long Prairie is starting to get the same kind of publicity, something that bothers Melissa Kolstad. She's lived there since 1979, and owned a clothing shop downtown for five years. She doesn't agree that the city and the business district are thriving.

"When I was a kid, our entire downtown was full of stores. Full. Completely," she said. "There was not an empty building on Main Street. Now it's primarily empty buildings, with a few businesses sprinkled in."

Kolstad said many longtime business owners tried to keep their doors open, but lacked support from city and business leaders. She said those leaders focused their energy on big businesses like Walmart and Coborn's.

"I feel like it was almost detrimental to the local business owners and nonimmigrant business owners," she said, despite "the hard work and the dedication that they have had all the years they've fought to keep the doors open in Long Prairie."

At the same time, however, Kolstad agreed that without the immigrant population and young people moving into town, the school system would've suffered.

Enrollment at the Long Prairie Grey Eagle school district dropped by almost a third over a nine-year period. The district saw budget cuts and layoffs as a result. Now, Superintendent Jon Kringen says, it's back up to about 900 students. The kindergarten class is 55 percent Hispanic.

"The influx of immigrant students has certainly benefited the schools because we basically refilled many of the classrooms and provided additional funding for the school district and we are much better off than we were," he said.

To cope with the new realities, teachers are learning Spanish to try to communicate better with the students.

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In Long Prairie, immigrants helped avert town's decline

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When Juan Chavez went to school in Long Prairie, Minn., in 1999, he was one of only four Hispanic students. He found it difficult to feel included. "It was hard because they don't accept you," he recalled. Now his 12-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter are students in the same district - and living a completely different experience.

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Without question, this has been a peak year for Amazon paranoia. The company seems to be everywhere, eager to crush or absorb anything in its path. For you "Star Trek" nerds, Amazon is the Borg.

But this fear has obscured a harsh reality: Unlike most other US technology superpowers, Amazon is not very worldly.

ASX winners and losers - a snapshot

Two-thirds of Amazon's revenue comes from sales in the US. Amazon Prime is available in a dozen or so countries, but it's not big in many of them.

Just four countries -- the US, Germany, Japan and the UK -- contributed 92 per cent of Amazon's $US136 billion ($171 billion) in revenue for 2016.

Amazon is global in theory but successful in only a few places.

For comparison, 15 per cent of Facebook's daily users, and almost half its revenue, came from the US and Canada last year.

Both Facebook and Google apps are ubiquitous in many countries.

About 80 per cent of Intel's revenue comes from outside the US.

Movie streaming service Netflix now has more subscribers overseas than in its home country.

Conforming with Amazon's Borg reputation, the company doesn't intend to stay homebound for long.

And with a glass-half-full view, Amazon's geographic concentration is an opportunity for more riches as the company looks to break out of its domestic bliss.

Amazon is global in theory but successful in only a few places.

The biggest global prize is India, where Amazon has pledged to spend $US5 billion to break into what many technology companies see as a future gold mine. Amazon also said on Wednesday that it would sell some of its Echo voice-activated speakers in India for the first time, with a new (English language) voice with local pronunciations.

Amazon's failures to crack e-commerce in China are legendary, and it doesn't want a repeat. Amazon is also exporting strategies it employed in India. Bloomberg News reported on Thursday that Amazon is testing in the US a delivery service that began in India two years ago.

And Amazon isn't stopping there. This week, publications in France have been packed with news and rumours that Amazon is looking to team up with or take over companies involved in grocery sales or food distribution.

And here in Australia, retailers are bracing themselves for the online giant's looming entry, with Amazon expected to roll out its full retail offering by next year.

Amazon's globe-trotting will inevitably spark backlash, as Google and Facebook know well. Amazon has already felt this heat, most recently in the form of a €250 million bill ($374 million) over what European officials deemed to be illegal tax breaks from Luxembourg.

This isn't specific to Amazon Web Services, but some European customers defected to local cloud-computing providers after revelations that US intelligence agencies collected data from US tech companies.

Changing Amazon's parochial present is going to take some savvy work, and no doubt the company will fall on its face occasionally. But if Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos fulfills his ambition, the world and not just nearly every American industry will come to fear Amazon.
Bloomberg with BusinessDay

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Amazon pushes forward with plans to take over the world

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Without question, this has been a peak year for Amazon paranoia. The company seems to be everywhere, eager to crush or absorb anything in its path. For you "Star Trek" nerds, Amazon is the Borg. But this fear has obscured a harsh reality: Unlike most other US technology superpowers, Amazon is not very worldly.

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What to do when department-store jobs-or mining and manufacturing jobs-go away

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Economic Development: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

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State and local governments offer large financial incentives to attract employers to their part of the country. John Oliver explains what communities get, or often don't get, in return. Connect with Last Week Tonight online...

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Default: the Student Loan Documentary (Trailer)

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You can now watch the whole movie for free on our website at www.defaultmovie.com Upcoming Screenings: June 7-9 2011 in Chicago @ NCTC National Conference: Mapping the Future, Center For Economic Progress http://tax-coalition.org/ Default: The Student Loan Documentary is a 27 min.

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Fast Fashion’s Effect on People, The Planet, & You | Patrick Woodyard | TEDxUniversityofMississippi

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What Happens When Cities Make Homelessness a Crime: Hiding The Homeless

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A growing number of American cities are ticketing or arresting homeless people for essentially being homeless. The new laws ban behavior commonly associated with homelessness like reclining in public, sharing food or sitting on a sidewalk. Supporters argue these measures are necessary to push homeless people into the shelter system and maintain public safety.

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The most consequential decision President Donald Trump made on immigration in his first year in office wasn't about the wall, or who's going to pay for it, or anything else he talked about incessantly on the campaign trail.

It was his decision to announce, on September 5, that his administration would be winding down the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program - a program he didn't mention outright, that many people didn't know about and even fewer understood.

The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, which has protected nearly 800,000 young adult unauthorized immigrants from deportation and allowed them to work legally since 2012. The immigrants protected through DACA grew up in the US; people might not assume they are unauthorized immigrants, and they might not have even known it themselves until they were teenagers. The program was supposed to give them a chance to build a life here.

Now, DACA is on the chopping block. Trump, under pressure to make a decision about its future before September 5 (the day a group of Republican state officials were set to sue over its constitutionality), has decided that no one new will be protected under the program - and that those currently covered will start to lose their protection and work permits on March 6, 2018.

The prospect of DACA's demise is throwing the program into sharp relief: calling attention to the "DREAMers" who've been able to benefit from it, and the ways in which their lives have been changed over the past five years.

Here's a guide to the program, the people it protects, and what could happen in the near future.

1) DACA is a program to protect DREAMers - unauthorized immigrants brought to the US as children

In the 1990s to mid-2000s, the US started building up enforcement on the US/Mexico border, with a huge unintended consequence: Many unauthorized immigrants avoided repeated risky border crossings by settling in the US with their families. (Previously, unauthorized immigrants had mostly been working-age men who crossed back and forth to the US for work while their families stayed in their home countries.)

Around the same time, changes to US law made it nearly impossible for an immigrant to get legal status if they'd lived in the country illegally. So the children who crossed illegally into the US with their parents were growing up in a country where they could never become legal residents or citizens.

These children became known as DREAMers, after the DREAM Act, a piece of legislation meant to give them a path to citizenship first introduced in 2001. But with that legislation stalled in Congress, President Barack Obama in 2012 created the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA. While it didn't give them a path to citizenship, DACA offered DREAMers a temporary grant of protection from deportation and a permit to work legally in the US. The protections last two years, after which immigrants can apply to renew for them.

Not all DREAMers, though, became DACA recipients. To apply for DACA, immigrants have to have come to the US before 2007, and have been 15 or younger when they arrived and younger than 31 when DACA was created in June 2012. They had to have a nearly spotless criminal record and be enrolled in high school or have a high school diploma or equivalent.

Perhaps most importantly, they have to apply. It's estimated that about 1.3 million people would be eligible for DACA, but right now, about 800,000 people actually have it.

2) DACA recipients are part of a generation of immigrants raised alongside US citizens

Not all DREAMers are from Mexico or Central America, and plenty of them came in other ways: their parents had legal work visas but the children did not, or their legal visas expired, or they tried to seek asylum and failed.

What unites DREAMers, more than how they came to the US, is the experience they've had here.

Technically, immigrants are eligible for DACA if they came to the US under the age of 16. But in practice, the majority were much younger when they immigrated. In the most recent survey of 3,063 DACA recipients, conducted in August 2017 by Tom Wong of UC San Diego (for the liberal think tank the Center for American Progress and other immigrant advocacy groups), the average age that respondents said they'd arrived in the US was 6-and-a-half years old.

When defenders of DACA say that the immigrants who benefit from it are "American in all but paperwork," or that the US is "the only country they remember," this is what they're talking about. Demographers call them the "1.5 generation": unauthorized immigrants who arrived as children are technically first-generation residents of the US, because they were born in another country. But their life experiences have more in common with the US-born children of immigrants (known as the second generation).

Many DREAMers say they didn't even know they were unauthorized immigrants until they were teenagers - often when they discovered they couldn't join their peers in getting a driver's license or filling out financial aid forms for college, because they didn't have Social Security numbers.

That's given rise to the talking point, often used by politicians, that DREAMers "were brought to the United States through no fault of their own," or that they "are being punished for the sins of their parents." Those talking points seek to draw a line: Adults who deliberately chose to come to (or stay in) the US without legal status should take responsibility for their actions, but children shouldn't be blamed for being brought along.

But from the perspective of DREAMers themselves, their parents came to the US to give their children a better life, just as any other immigrant parent does - and they resist efforts to make themselves look better by making their parents look like the real villains.

3) Politicians have been talking about what to do with the DREAMers for more than 15 years

The political debate over what to do about young unauthorized immigrantsis, at this point, old enough that it could apply for DACA itself. The first proposal to allow people who'd come to the US as children to apply for legal immigrant status and eventually become citizens, was introduced in 2001 by Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT) and Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-WA). It was called the DREAM Act - Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors- a name that versions of the bill have kept ever since.

For a while, the DREAM Act was seen as a moderate alternative to legalizing all 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the US. But with both Democrats and Republicans divided on immigration during the George W. Bush era - and with Republicans moving to the right on immigration under Barack Obama - it was never quite popular enough to get the 60 votes needed to break a filibuster in the Senate. In the most recent attempt, in December 2010, the bill passed the House and got a majority of votes in the Senate, but failed to clear 60.

By that time, the risk that a DREAMer would get deported was much higher than it was in 2001, as the federal government had ramped up deportations to 400,000 a year. Because DREAMers were politically sympathetic - majorities of Americans wanted them to stay in the US - and well-integrated into their communities, they were sometimes able to raise public alarm when they were slotted for deportation - sometimes getting the federal government to back down.

But sticking around and hoping not to get deported wasn't a real solution.

4) DREAMers aren't all valedictorians - but they are integrated into the US

One of the reasons that legalizing or protecting DREAMers has been politically popular - even when legalizing other unauthorized immigrants, includingtheir parents, has not - is the stereotype of DREAMers as high school valedictorians and high-achieving college students. This stereotype has been pushed by politicians on both sides of the aisle since the early days of the DREAM Act, and it's the angle that much of the media coverage took in calling attention to the problem throughout the 2000s.

There certainly are high-achieving DREAMers. But as a whole, they're more diverse and less exceptional than the stereotype suggests - and the cliché of the DREAMer valedictorian can obscure just how much harder it is to succeed without legal status in the US.

According to 2014 estimates from the Migration Policy Institute, nearly 400,000 young immigrants who would otherwise qualify for DACA don't meet the educational requirements for it: They dropped out of high school and don't have a GED. Even immigrants who are DACA-eligible often don't go beyond high school; only 57,000 of them, or about 5 percent, have bachelor's degrees, with another 20 percent currently enrolled in college.

Given that unauthorized immigrants are likely to grow up in lower-income households and can't get federal financial aid, including federal student loans, this isn't necessarily surprising. But it's also true that some immigrants have been dissuaded from pursuing their educational and career goals by their unauthorized status.

Sociologist Roberto Gonzales of Harvard calls this the "transition to illegality": Once teenagers find out the truth about being unauthorized, they have to adjust their expectations of what they can achieve in life to match their new reality. Many respond by losing motivation to succeed in school or pursue high-status careers, because they can't imagine how it would be possible for an "illegal immigrant" to succeed.

The "transition to illegality" usually doesn't lead to people trying to leave the US - it just leads to them seeing their own lives as more like their parents'. They're fluent in English, and are often close to American citizens: According to Wong's survey, 25 percent of DACA recipients have at least one US-born child; 73 percent have at least one US citizen as a member of their immediate family (child, spouse or sibling). They're still integrated into America. They just haven't seen themselves as Americans.

5) President Obama gave DREAMers a way to protect themselves, temporarily, from deportation

After the 2010 failure of the DREAM Act, President Obama claimed that the immigrants who would be eligible for legalization under it weren't being deported anyway, since his administration was targeting "high-priority" immigrants (like those with criminal records) rather than "low-priority" immigrants who'd lived quietly in the US for years. But federal immigration agents were still deporting "low-priority" immigrants, including DREAMers.

So in summer 2012, rather than relying on Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents to protect immigrants by declining to deport them, the administration decided to allow DREAMers to apply for protection from deportation themselves.

In June 2012, President Obama announced the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. It allows young unauthorized immigrants who meet certain criteria to apply for a commitment from the federal government for "deferred action" - that is, a commitment not to initiate deportation proceedings - for two years. Successful applicants also receive a work permit.

DACA wasn't a legalization program - technically speaking, immigrants who are "DACAmented" are lawfully present in the US, but don't have legal status.

It's an important policy distinction. Having DACA doesn't give immigrants any path to becoming legal permanent residents or citizens. Still, being lawfully present means that they're able to get driver's licenses even in states that don't usually allow unauthorized immigrants to drive legally.

But it's also a reflection of the line between the powers the executive branch has on immigration and the powers reserved for Congress. The executive branch can't legalize anybody. But it's fairly common for presidents to allow certain groups of immigrants to apply for temporary relief and grant those requests on a case-by-case basis. (In 2005, for example, the George W. Bush administration allowed foreign students affected by Hurricane Katrina to apply for deferred action; in 2009, the Obama administration granted deferred action to widows and widowers of US citizens and their children.)

When DACA was created, Democrats still hoped that Congress would pass a broad immigration reform bill in the near future. And in 2013, the Senate passed just such a bill. But the House never acted, and in the years since then, the common ground between Democrats and Republicans has gotten ever smaller. So DACA has gone from a short-term placeholder until a more permanent agreement can be made to the only hope, for now, for the nearly 800,000 people who have it.

6) DACA has improved upward mobility for the people who have it, but its benefits can't really be quantified

All available research suggests that immigrants who've received DACA protections have been able to go further, educationally and economically, than other unauthorized immigrants - or than they would have without DACA.

Wong's August 2017 survey found that annual earnings had increased 80 percent under DACA - from an average of $20,000 to an average of $36,000. (This includes immigrants who are working part time, or who are working while enrolled in school, as well as those with full-time jobs.) Sixty-five percent had bought their first car; 16 percent had become homeowners.

Five percent of DACA recipients had started their own businesses. Sixty percent of DACA recipients above the age of 25 - in other words, those most likely to have been in the workforce before DACA was rolled out in 2012 - said that with DACA they'd been able to find jobs that better suited the education and training they already had; 61 percent said they'd been able to find jobs that suited the careers they wanted to have.

DACA recipients were already primed to do better than many unauthorized immigrants because of their fluency in English and education in the US: in 2014, a Migration Policy Institute analysis found that the population eligible for DACA (including both those who had applied and those who hadn't) was less likely to be in professional or managerial jobs than US citizens, but much more likely to be working white-collar jobs than other unauthorized immigrants.

But having DACA allowed immigrants to capitalize on those gains in an important way. A 2014 study conducted by the Institute for Research on Labor and Employment at UCLA found that 84 percent of immigrants with DACA were employed compared to 68 percent of their unauthorized peers, and that DACA recipients earned 20 percent more than similar immigrants without DACA.

There might be more to the benefits of DACA than simply the fact that recipients can work legally. If the "transition to illegality" forced many immigrants to narrow their ambitions, there's evidence DACA has opened them back up. Its respondents aren't just finding jobs, but careers: in a 2015 survey, 80 percent of respondents agreed that they feel more likely to achieve their career goals now that they have DACA. They're buying homes in the US with the intent to stay.

In a survey conducted a year after DACA, in 2013, most DACA recipients felt safer after getting protected from deportation: 66 percent said they were no longer afraid, and 64 percent said they felt more like they belonged in the US. As the program continued, those feelings only grew. In 2015, 78 percent of DACA recipients said they were no longer afraid. And 72 percent said they felt like they belonged in America.

That feeling of security allowed them to plan their futures. It freed them from some of the mental health damage that constant deportation stress can cause. And it allowed them to go from being unable to imagine themselves anywhere but America to seeing themselves as Americans.

7) Trump is winding down DACA slowly. But it's still being wound down, even before Congress' "deadline" to fix it.

If Trump didn'ct to end DACA before September 5, a group of state attorneys general, led by Texas, threatened to sue to do it for him. They want to ask a federal judge who already ruled one Obama-era deferred action program unconstitutional (the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans program, or DAPA, which was stopped before going into effect in 2015) to do the same for DACA.

The lawsuit would probably result in DACA getting put on hold at some point - though it wouldn't be at all clear when, or how.

The Trump administration is attempting to preempt that lawsuit by winding down DACA on its own. And it's attempting to shift the blame to Congress for the program's eventual end, by charging the legislature with passing a bill to protect DREAMers before the official "end date" on March 5.

In the meantime, though, the administration is preparing for DACA to end.

According to an official Department of Homeland Security memo, people who have already applied for DACA protection will have their applications processed normally, but the government won't accept any new applications after Tuesday.

Those currently covered under the program - which grants protections for two years - will be able to retain their protections and work permits until they expire.

If their DACA protections are set to expire before March 5, they will have a month - until October 5 - to apply for one last renewal. And those who are set to lose their protections on March 6 or later will simply fall back into unauthorized status.

8) Losing DACA wouldn't automatically mean deportation. But it could be worse than not having it at all.

What losing DACA would mean varies from immigrant to immigrant. Immigrants working full-time jobs would have to leave them to comply with the law, or continue working at legal risk to themselves and their employers. Immigrants in school would be able to remain enrolled, in nearly all cases, but some might have trouble retaining their financial aid for the rest of their educations (in addition to not knowing what jobs they could get in the US with the degrees they're working to obtain).

And then there's the threat of deportation.

Because DACA recipients gave extensive personal information to the government when they applied, many of them could easily be tracked down, arrested, and placed in deportation proceedings once their DACA expired - if the Trump administration chose to do so. Under Obama, DACA information was protected from ICE agents by privacy regulations, but an executive order signed by President Trump in January relaxed those restrictions.

In theory, Trump administration officials claim they're targeting immigrants with criminal records for deportation. In practice, it appears deportation efforts are going after the lowest-hanging fruit - the immigrants they can most easily track down and pick up. If that's true, it could put DACA recipients at substantial risk.

There are too many DACA recipients for the administration to arrest all of them, much less deport them - and because DACA recipients haven't been previously deported or ordered deported, it wouldn't be possible to without putting them through a yearslong immigration court process. But the risk of deportation could be, if anything, higher after DACA than it was beforehand.

In the meantime, immigrants stripped of DACA protections could attempt to continue to live the lives they'd been living with DACA: working, driving around, being "undocumented and unafraid." If they did that, they'd put themselves in legal jeopardy multiple times a day, and increase the risk of their deportation.

They could try to prepare to leave the country: selling the car or house they purchased while protected by DACA, trying to find a country that would welcome the skills they'd no longer have the opportunity to use in the US. But for a cohort of people who grew up in the US, and who have spent the last half-decade living here with some legitimacy, that wouldn't be an easy step to take - if it were, more of them would have taken it rather than live under the uncertainty of DACA to begin with.

Or they could try to return to the shadows - taking the sort of jobs they had before DACA. They could try to transition back to illegality.

9) The threat of losing DACA creates its own kind of uncertainty

For the moment, the decision of "what to do if DACA ends" is still hypothetical. It's possible that the Trump administration won't make a decision before September 5 - or even that it will be able to persuade the states to extend their deadline for a lawsuit.

But that doesn't remove the threat to DACA recipients. It just leaves them in limbo about their futures for longer.

Since Trump was elected, DACA recipients have been worried about what's going to happen to them. Many were concerned that he was going to strip them of their protections and work permits on his first day in office. They dealt with several rounds of unfounded rumors in the early weeks of his administration that he was about to sign an executive order that would prevent them from renewing DACA.

In the meantime, they've had to make the same decisions that any other person in their late teens, 20s, or early 30s has to make from November of one year to August of another: whether to change jobs or even careers, whether they should go back to school or take a break from school to work, whether to move to a new town or stay at home to save money and help family.

They've done all this with the knowledge that they could be making plans for a future that could evaporate with the stroke of a pen.

Simply telling Congress to figure out a solution in the next 6 months doesn't remove that cloud from over DREAMers' heads. With DACA set to wind down, they are forced to hope that Congress can do something for them - while preparing for the prospect that it might not, and that their days of protection are numbered.

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9 things you need to know to understand DACA and the DREAMers

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The most consequential decision President Donald Trump made on immigration in his first year in office wasn't about the wall, or who's going to pay for it, or anything else he talked about incessantly on the campaign trail.

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Uploaded by Beautiful Mind on 2015-10-12.

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Help me fulfill my dream, card Payoneer: 5300 7220 1229 2376 Poverty in America Documentary 2017 Please subscribe for documentaries

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How America's public schools keep kids in poverty | Kandice Sumner

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Hillbilly Elegy, Sep 2 2017 | Video | C-SPAN.org

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J.D. Vance recalls his childhood in a Rust Belt town in Ohio at the 17th annual National Book Festival in Washington, D.C.

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Adam Ruins Everything - Why Weddings Are A Total Rip-Off

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Despite your family's wishes, weddings are pointless and expensive displays of wealth. Subscribe: http://full.sc/1s9KQGe Watch Full Episodes for FREE: http://bit.ly/1Rw2yzp Check Adam's Sources: http://bit.ly/1Q7MHpK In Adam Ruins Everything, host Adam Conover employs a combination of comedy, history and science to dispel widespread misconceptions about everything we take for granted.

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Documentary Network - Watch free documentaries and films

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Prawns have gone from luxury foodstuff to affordable pleasure. But while they are cheap to buy, the human cost of their production is unimaginable. This shocking exposé from Guardian Films reveals the invisible slavery propping up Thailand's multi-billion dollar fishing industry, and the Western supermarkets who are cashing in.

"I thought I was going to die", says Vuthy, a former monk from Cambodia who paid a broker to be smuggled into Thailand. He came in search of work, but ended up being sold from one fishing vessel to another. "They kept me chained up, they didn't care about me or give me any food. They sold us like animals." Tragically, Vuthy's story is far from uncommon aboard the trawlers that ply the bountiful waters around Thailand - the world's largest supplier of prawns. Every year, thousands of migrant workers seek illicit entry into the country, only to become victims of the endemic human-trafficking feeding the long, complex supply chain from boat to supermarket shelf.

This undercover investigation unearths a lawless and unregulated industry run by criminals, and facilitated by Thai officials themselves. "The way I see it, we're business partners", says one anonymous broker of his relationship with the maritime police. "You have to understand - everyone's profiting from it."

Many of the indentured labourers will not see land for up to two years at a time. Those who rebel are subjected to torture and summary executions. But with commercial interests satisfied, and cheap seafood on our plates, is there any appetite among Western consumers to put an end to this barbarism?

Guardian News and Media

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Supermarket Chains Selling Slave-Labour Prawns - The Documentary Network

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Prawns have gone from luxury foodstuff to affordable pleasure. But while they are cheap to buy, the human cost of their production is unimaginable. This shocking exposé from Guardian Films reveals the invisible slavery propping up Thailand's multi-billion dollar fishing industry, and the Western supermarkets who are cashing in.

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The American shopping mall is in a crisis. One of the largest malls in Pennsylvania, the Galleria at Pittsburgh Mills, sold for just $100. We explore the variety of reasons why malls cannot keep their stories afloat and are becoming vacant wastelands.

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Here's why malls across the US are dying

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The American shopping mall is in a crisis. One of the largest malls in Pennsylvania, the Galleria at Pittsburgh Mills, sold for just $100. We explore the variety of reasons why malls cannot keep their stories afloat and are becoming vacant wastelands.

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Watch "Adam Ruins Everything," Tuesdays at 10pm, on truTV! See more http://www.collegehumor.com LIKE us on: http://www.facebook.com/collegehumor FOLLOW us on: http://www.twitter.com/collegehumor FOLLOW us on: http://www.collegehumor.tumblr.com Subscribe to our new channel: CH2: https://www.youtube.com/ch2

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Urban Jungle on the Reservation - Photo Essays

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Gang culture takes root among the Oglala Sioux youth of Pine Ridge, S.D.Photographs by Matthew Williams

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The costs of providing health care to an average American family surpassed $25,000 for the first time in 2016 - even as the rate of health cost increases slowed to a record low, a new analysis revealed Tuesday.

The $25,826 in health-care costs for a typical family of four covered by a employer-sponsored "preferred provider plan" is $1,155 higher than last year, and triple what it cost to provide health care for the same family in 2001, the first year that Milliman Medical Index analysis was done.

And it's the 11th consecutive year that the total dollar increase in the average family's health-care costs exceeded $1,110, actuarial services firm Milliman noted as it released the index.

Feverpitched | Getty Images

A significant cost driver identified by the index was the rapid growth in what health plans and insured people are paying for prescription drugs, which now comprise almost 17 percent of the total spending on health care, or an average of $4,270 annually.

That's four times the prescription drug costs borne by an average family in 2001, although the index did not factor in the effect of pharmaceutical company rebates, which can reduce the total drug costs and which are becoming more common.

The costs detailed by the index include the health insurance premiums paid by both the employer and the employee, as well as the actual expenditures for health care paid by the insurance plan and out of pocket by the insured family. While employers pay 57 percent of the total health costs, that percentage has shrunk from 61 percent in 2001.

But the Milliman Medical Index report said that 2016's 4.7 percent increase in health-care costs for an average family of four seen in 2016 marks the lowest rate of increase since the index began in 2001, and only about half the percentage the index has reported in past years.

"We seem to be wrestling the curve down to sustainable levels," the index's report said.

Still, Chris Girod, co-author of the Milliman Medical Index, called topping the $25,000 mark in health-care costs "a significant and somewhat unsettling milestone."

And, as in past years, the index revealed that health-care costs for families insured by employer-based insurance plans were increasing faster than either the rate for overall national medical price increases or the overall consumer price index.

The index notes that "many people wonder how costs can be so high, especially if they only visit the doctor for preventative visits and occasional routine care." But the index added that "the disconnect" may be partly due to the fact that about 80 percent of health-care costs come from just 20 percent of the population, whose use of medical services drives up an insurance plan premiums for the others.

The $25,000 milestone comes amid the ongoing implementation of the Affordable Care Act, but it is not primarily a consequence of that health-care reform law, popularly known as Obamacare, according to Scott Weltz, another co-author of the index.

"We really haven't seen much of an impact here," said Weltz, when asked if Obamacare had any effect on the cost increases identified by the index.

Conversely, Weltz said, it's also not clear whether Obamacare played a role in the slowing of the rate of cost increases in the past five years or so that has been observed.

The Obama administration has pointed to the overall slowdown in health-cost growth in recent years as a sign of the success of such initiatives. The ACA includes a number of provisions designed to bend the health inflation cost curve, including changing the way Medicare pays for health services, and encouraging doctors and hospitals to form organizations that are paid more based on medical outcomes than on a fee-per-service basis.

Employer-sponsored health insurance coverage, the type tracked by the Milliman Medical Index is by far the biggest source of health coverage in the United States. About 155 million employees and their family members are covered through such job-based plans.

In comparison, about 77 million people are covered by Medicaid, the government program for primarily poor people. Another 57 million or so are covered by Medicare, the government program for mainly senior citizens.

Another 12 million or so people are covered by private, individual health plans sold on government-run Obamacare exchanges. Several million others are covered by individual plans sold outside of the exchanges.

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Health-care costs for typical American family just topped $25,000

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The costs of providing health care to an average American family surpassed $25,000 for the first time in 2016 - even as the rate of health cost increases slowed to a record low, a new analysis revealed Tuesday.

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Outrage over the massive EpiPen price hike feels like deja vu. A year ago, America was in shock when a drug called Daraprim that's used by some AIDS and transplant patients skyrocketed overnight from $13.50 to $750 a pill.

Hillary Clinton tweeted that the 5,000% spike was " outrageous" and amounted to "price gouging." Nothing about the drug itself had changed except this: a new company -- Turing Pharmaceuticals -- had bought the rights to distribute it. The Daily Beast dubbed Turing's CEO "the most hated man in America."

A year later, one pill of Daraprim costs $375 for many patients.

Turing hails this as a 50% reduction in price, but doctors are livid. The drug still costs 2,500% more than before the hike.

"It remains criminal," say Dr. Wendy Armstrong, a medical professor at Emory University and head of the Infectious Diseases Program at Grady Health System in Atlanta, Ga. "It's still an immense financial burden for a drug that should be $1 a pill."

Turing says it has put in place programs to "ensure access to Daraprim for every single patient who needs the drug, regardless of ability to pay." Controversial CEO Martin Shkreli also left the company late last year.

But doctors say the reality is Turing has created an expensive, bureaucratic hurdle for patients to get a drug that can save their life. And now other companies appear to be following the "Turing playbook."

CNN wants to know: Have you used Daraprim?

Daraprim cost $1 before 2010

For 16 years, Dr. Armstrong has treated HIV and AIDS patients. Just last week, she was treating a patient with HIV who had developed a brain infection. The patient needed Daraprim, but the hospital ran out of the drug in the middle of the treatment. Patients typically need two to three Daraprim pills a day for weeks or months.

Dr. Armstrong requested more pills and immediately received a call from the hospital's pharmacy. They told her the order for more Daraprim would have to go through the hospital review committee because it's so expensive.

It's a tough situation for Dr. Armstrong, who remembers when Daraprim cost only $1 a pill. That was the price until 2010, when CorePharma bought the rights to market and distribute Daraprim in the U.S. from GlaxoSmithKline. CorePharma soon hiked the price to $13.50 a pill and watched its revenues climb.

In 2015, CorePharma sold the U.S. rights of Daraprim to Turing, which raised the price to a whopping $750 a pill.

Related: EpiPen CEO: Blame the 'broken' system, not me

The 'Turing playbook' is spreading

Dr. Judith Aberg was one of the first to sound the alarm bell by speaking to the New York Times. She's head of infectious diseases at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City and a well known HIV and AIDS researcher.

"A year later, it's still frustrating," Dr. Aberg told CNNMoney. "What's more frustrating is that other companies are following Turing's lead. At some point, our economy can't support this."

This week, outrage erupted again over the dramatic rise in costs of EpiPens that many rely on to save them from life-threatening allergic reactions. A standard two-pack of EpiPens now costs about $600. The price was $100 in 2009.

The CEO of the company that makes the EpiPens is using many of the same arguments that Turing did when it raised the price of Daraprim. She's blaming the broken health care system, arguing programs are in place to help those with great financial need and saying the company needs profits to fund research. Former Turing CEO Shkreli has been tweeting his support.

Daraprim still costs $1 or $2 outside the U.S.

Daraprim still only costs $1 or $2 a pill abroad. Turing only has the U.S. rights to distribute it. Doctors around the world have flooded Dr. Aberg's inbox with offers to send her supplies from their countries.

"It's not illegal what they've done [at Turing], but it's unethical and immoral," says Dr. Aberg "This is affecting patient care."

As hospitals try to keep costs downs, doctors have been discouraged from using Daraprim. Dr. Aberg says her team used to prescribe it about five times a month. Now they're down to using it once, if that. They have turned to alternatives that aren't nearly as well tested with unknown side effects.

"That doesn't make patients feel confident. It doesn't make us feel confident," she says. The main ingredient in Daraprim is now available compounded with another drug. Imprimis Pharmaceuticals sells this alternative compound for $1 a pill.

Related: Martin Shkreli finally gets a court date -- a year from now

High hurdles to get Daraprim cheaply

Turing has made a big deal about programs it has created to reduce the costs for patients. For instance, it says that the drug is available for free to people with deep financial need.

But Dr. Aberg has watched her patients have to "jump through the hoops" to get it. Patients have to prove both financial need and health status, something that's difficult to focus on when their lives are in danger. In June, one of her patients gave up on the process. The patient switched therapies, only to suffer a negative side effect.

The application also requires patients to sign broad disclosures "to use and disclose all of my individually identifiable health information." Dr. Aberg says some patients, especially with HIV and AIDS, are hesitant to do that.

Related: EpiPen cost soars, but it's not the only drug to see massive spike

The actual price that patients pay

Turing argues that "approximately two-thirds of Daraprim sales are to federal and state health programs that pay Turing just 1 cent per pill."

It's true that Medicaid and certain AIDS clinics -- known as 340B programs -- get a reduced rate. But again, patients have to apply to be in those programs and facilities. Dr. Armstrong currently has a patient with a brain infection who she's trying to get into a 340B program.

"This is a big burden for someone with a very significant brain infection and (not able to think clearly) currently," says Dr. Armstrong. "It's layers or hurdles for people that already have challenges."

Then there's people with insurance. An expensive drug like Daraprim is often put in a top tier, meaning a patient has a higher than normal copay.

Even at a 20% copay, a four-month supply of Daraprim at two pills a day would mean a patient paying about $18,000 out of pocket.

Turing has said it needs the profits on the drug in order to fund research and development of new drugs, including potential new treatments for toxoplasmosis, the infection that Daraprim treats.

"The company's pipeline now includes several experimental compounds that show early promise," a Turing spokesman told CNNMoney.

But doctors and patients wonder why a drug that has worked so well for more than 60 years needs any changes at all.

CNNMoney (New York) First published August 25, 2016: 11:11 AM ET

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What happened to AIDS drug that spiked 5,000%

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Hillary Clinton tweeted that the 5,000% spike was " outrageous" and amounted to "price gouging." Nothing about the drug itself had changed except this: a new company -- Turing Pharmaceuticals -- had bought the rights to distribute it. The Daily Beast dubbed Turing's CEO "the most hated man in America."

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Adam Ruins Everything - Why Home Ownership is Actually a Terrible Investment

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A lot of people who shop for homes would actually be better off renting. Subscribe: http://full.sc/1s9KQGe Watch Full Episodes for FREE: http://bit.ly/1Rw2yzp Check Adam's Sources: http://bit.ly/1Q7MHpK In Adam Ruins Everything, host Adam Conover employs a combination of comedy, history and science to dispel widespread misconceptions about everything we take for granted.

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When the North American Free Trade Agreement was first signed in 1994, proponents said it would eventually create jobs for the U.S. economy.

17 years later, a new report estimates, the American worker only has hundreds of thousands of job losses to show for it.

According to a report by Economic Policy Institute economist Robert Scott, entitled "Heading South: U.S.-Mexico trade and job displacement after NAFTA," an estimated 682,900 U.S. jobs have been "lost or displaced" because of the agreement and the resulting trade deficit.

The historic agreement, signed just three years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, tore down trade barriers between the U.S., Canada and Mexico, making trade and investment easier for businesses without allowing for the cross-border movement of labor. Despite the agreement being considered a boon for Mexico, the country's economy grew only 1.6 percent per capita on average between 1992 and 2007, The New York Times reported in 2009.

The EPI's calculation of 682,900 jobs lost to NAFTA takes into account jobs created as a result, too. Last year, for example, U.S. exports to Mexico supported 791,900 jobs. It's just that those jobs created pale in comparison to the 1.47 million U.S. jobs that would be necessary without the imports resulting from NAFTA, the report found.

Still, the number of jobs lost to NAFTA looks minimal when placed against the havoc freaked by the financial crisis. Only in 2008, at the height of the crisis, the U.S. economy hemorrhaged 2.6 million jobs, according to CNNMoney.

The U.S. is currently considering a similar trade agreement with South Korea, called U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA). KORUS, like NAFTA, could similarly displace American jobs, EPI warns.

Perhaps the most drastic switch post-NAFTA has been in the two country's trade deficit. In 1993, before the signing of NAFTA, the U.S. held a $1.6 billion trade surplus over their neighbor to the south, which supported 29,400 jobs. By 1997, the tides had turned, and Mexico laid claim to a much larger surplus of $16.6 billion. As of 2010, it's not even close. Mexico's trade surplus now hovers around $97.2 billion.

Jobs continue to be lost to NAFTA today. In the years 2007-2010, the U.S. economy has lost 116,400 as a result of the trade deficit created by NAFTA. And last year, the growth of Mexican auto exports to the United States alone created more Mexican jobs -- 30,400 -- than the entire U.S. auto industry.

It's the U.S. manufacturing sector that has suffered most mightily from NAFTA, alone accounting for 60.8 percent -- 415,000 total -- of the jobs lost to the agreement. Specifically, those making computer of electronic parts have accounted for 22 percent of all job losses, and motor vehicle and parts workers accounted for 15 percent of job losses.

Job losses haven't been limited to certain geographic regions, either, as all fifty states have lost jobs as a result. And while the states with the largest total number of job losses, California and Texas, do hug the southern border, it's actually manufacturing-heavy states to the north, such as Michigan, Indiana and Kentucky, that have lost the largest share of jobs to Mexico.
The below chart tracks jobs displaced as share of total state employment:

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When the North American Free Trade Agreement was first signed in 1994, proponents said it would eventually create jobs for the U.S. economy. 17 years later, a new report estimates, the American worker only has hundreds of thousands of job losses to show for it.

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