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An Estuary is a partly closed body of water, which is connected to the open ocean. Here, water from the sea is diluted by freshwater from rivers flowing from it. Estuaries are also very young compared to many geological features, being only thousands of years old.
There are 4 types of estuaries:
1. Coastal Plain Estuaries
2. Tectonic Estuaries
3. Bar-Built Estuaries
4. Fjord Estuaries

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Estuaries are made up of many different habitats. These habitats can include oyster reefs, coral reefs, rocky shores, submerged aquatic vegetation. Fish, shellfish, and migratory birds are just some of the animals that live in estuaries.

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The Chesapeake Bay is one example of a coastal plain estuary. It includes several habitats. It contains oyster reefs that house crabs, oysters, and small fish. There is also submerged aquatic vegetation where seahorses, blue crabs, and other fish live. There is open water where animals like turtles can swim freely.

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Coastal Plain Estuaries (AKA drowned river valleys)

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Coastal Plain Estuaries (AKA drowned river valleys)

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Coastal Plain Estuaries, such as Chesapeake Bay, were formed at the end of the last age. Since glaciers started melting, water level rose, and started flooding low river valleys. Thus, they are often known as drowned river valleys.

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The Earths crust is constantly in motion. This motion causes large cracks or folds or faults in the crust. Often due to folding and faulting the land will sink or subside. Tectonic estuaries are created when the sea fills in the hole or the basin that was formed by the sinking land. An example of this is San Francisco Bay.

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Bar-Built Estuaries (AKA river mouth lagoons)

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Bar-Built Estuaries (AKA river mouth lagoons)

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They are formed when sandbars build up along the coastline. The sandbars partially cut off the waters behind them from the sea. They are usually very shallow, with reduced tidal action. Examples of these types of bars are moistly along the Florida Gulf Coasts and Texas, and they are also in the Netherlands and North Carolina.

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Fjord Estuaries are created when slow-moving glaciers cut through the earth and leave valleys near the ocean, which are then flooded to create estuaries, such as Fjord Norway, an area in Western Norway with many fjords.

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Sometimes, Estuaries are not formed near the ocean and instead have rivers flow into lakes. A great example would include the great lakes: all the great lakes have at least one freshwater estuary flowing into them. Old Women Creek is shown here, an estuary flowing into Lake Erie.