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Summarizing is a strategy that is used for comprehension. Summarizing teaches the students how to gather then most important ideas, ignore the irrelevant facts and information, and recall the main idea of the story with the important facts.
+Advantages
-Makes students have more focus on the key words and ideas of the text as they read.
-helps students to learn what facts or key important facts of a story and which ones are not
-helps students to consolidate ideas
+Disadvantages
-It can be hard for lower level students to comprehend what parts of a text or most important and which ones aren't.
-Larger pieces of text can be even more difficult for students to reduce down into a summarization because they are full of facts and details.
+ELL
-To help these students they could work in groups, each taking turns what they think is an important fact thought the text, leading them to come up with a summary of the text all together. This would help the ELL student, as they wouldn't be gathering all the information by themselves and they are learning and comprehending through their peers thoughts and ideas as well.

The video below is an educator describing a different way to teach summarizing to students.

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Teaching Strategies for Using Summarizing for Comprehension : Reading Lessons

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2. Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA)

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2. Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA)

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Directed reading thinking activity is a strategy that students will use for comprehension. Students will question and predict then read to figure out their questions and predictions. This strategy will help the students to become actively engaged and thinking while reading a text.
+Advantages
-Helps students strengthen their reading and thinking skills
-gets the students engaged in their reading while also using and activating prior knowledge to question and predict the text
+Disadvantages
-Some students may focus too much on figuring out the answrers and predictions of the text than reading for comprehension and enjoyment
- This activity is first directed by a teacher, therefore this couldn't be a strategy that students could use on their own in their everyday reading.
+ELL
-To differentiate for ELL students that text that was chosen could be broken up into sections for the student to take piece by piece, allowing more time to comprehend and gather thoughts and ideas. This will also help the book not seem so daunting or long for the student who may be struggling in their reading skills.

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Powerful Method for Teaching Reading to Classroom of Students

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Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA)

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An example of a Guided Reading strategy used to improve comprehension.

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A paragraph hamburger is an organizer that is used to help students write paragraphs. The hamburger includes the elements of a paragraph, topic sentence, detail sentences, and closing sentence. This will guide the students in putting their thoughts and ideas into a well designed paragraph.
+Advantages
-students won't forget key elements of the paragraph
-This will help students in their beginning stages of writing and those who may struggle to write and gather thoughts into a readable and fluent paragraph
+Disadvantages
- There isn't always one way to write a paragraph and this organizer is limiting
-This strategy would help those writers who need help, but may be restricting to the writers that are advancing and have new ideas and ways of writing.
+ELL
-Teachers could first demonstrate using a paragraph and cutting it up into the different parts and place it on the hamburger in its correct space. This could be done one on one as the teacher explains and student helps and watches, or the teacher could simply give it to them completed for them to use as a guide on their own.
-The teacher could pick the topic sentence to help the student get started.

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A semantic gradient is a continuum of words that students must place in the order they believe they should go. Semantic gradients will help students to deepen their understanding of meanings of words that mean similar things such as cold and frigid. Most of the time semantic gradients are done in a group like setting.
+Advantages
-Students can work in groups and bounce off ideas and thoughts about the different words with each other
-Causes children to think deeper about what each word means, leaving them with a better understanding of new words after the activity.
+Disadvantages
-Some words may be completely new to the student and it could be difficult to place the word in the correct spot if the students dont know the definition
-Sometimes there is a no right or wrong answer to what order the words go in and this can be difficult for those students that like to know exact answers
+ELL
-The teacher could provide pictures to go along with each word
- the teacher could help the student get started by providing the last words (anchor words) on each in end and have them fill in the res of the words in the middle

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Readers theater is a strategy that teacher will use to help students develop and strengthen their fluency. Students will have a small section in a reading that the whole class will do together, like a skit.
+Advantages
-The reading is typically fun for the students to participate in
-They won't have to memorize their lines just read them aloud
-Teacher can assess each student's fluency throughout this activity.
+Disadvantages
-Studetns might have a hard time following along as other students are reading their part
-Students may forget to take their turn causing the readers theater to become choppy.
-This activity may also make some students very nervous especially if they are struggling readers, and dont like reading aloud infant of others
+ELL
-To differentiate for ELL students the teacher could chose a shorter script, or pick a line for the ELL student that you know what be too difficult for them. If the student's English is not to the point of the student being able to participate maybe the teacher could give the student their life ahead of time to work on in their spare time and at home so they feel included and prepared for the activity.

Below is a video of 4th grade students participating a Readers Theater
-the link wouldnt put up a picture but if you just click on the box below the video will still come up

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East 4th Grade Valentine's Readers' Theatre

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Uploaded by JoEllen Wesselmann on 2015-02-13.

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First lines is a strategy that would be used before a book or text is read. The students would read the first lines and make predictions on those lines alone. This activity is like an anticipation guide for students to keep them engaged during the reading. The students will want to know if their predictions were close to what happens in the text. As they read the text they will revisit their predictions and discuss how the text and thier predictions compare
+Advantages
-This will keep students engaged during the reading
-Helps students to learn and practice how to make predictions from clues from the text
+Disadvantages
-If they are reading a chapter book the first few lines of the text may not hold very many details, making it hard to make predictions
-Studetns may be too focused on wether their predictions are true and fixing their predictions/anticipation guides then following along or reading the text
+ELL
-Chapter books may be too advanced for ELL. They may be using smaller books such as pictures books. The student will look at the first couple pages of pictures and make predictions based on the pictures of the book.

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Framed paragraphs are for students that are beginning to write paragraphs. It is a strategy that students would use in the pre-writing stage of their writing. It provides students with the framework and transitional words to build a well written paragraph
+Advantages
-Porvides students with a good starting point for writing paragraphs
-Helps beginning writers organize their thoughts and ideas to make a strong paragraph
+Disadvantages
-It may be hard for students to complete or finish sentences provided by the frame, while also making them sound fluent
-Students may be more worried about filling the blanks of the frame then looking at the paragraph as a whole
+ELL
-For ELL students the teacher could provide a stronger frame work that is structured to help students put down their ideas into the correct place in a paragraph

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This is a strategy used to help students get a better understanding of unfamiliar words. This strategy would be used during vocabulary instruction. The students will list words that have the same or similar meaning, group it with other words, and label the group of words.
+Advantages
-It activates prior knowledge of other words
-Its a different way of learning vocabulary other than writing about them, therefore could be beneficial for hands on learners
-helps students learn how to categorize and think deeper about meanings of words they already know
+Disadvantage
-If the word is hard to comprehend or too unfamiliar students will have a hard time listing similar words
-Groups and labels don't also match up to the actual meaning of all the words in the group.
+ELL
-For ELL students definitions of words could be provided to make it easier for them to comprehend and put together in groups.

-This picture would be used for lower level grades. Upper level grades would have words that they are familiar with but not too easy.

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Story sequencing is simply for students to identify parts of the story and the order they took place such as beginning, middle, and end.
+Advantages
-Helps with comprehension and understanding the story better
-Organizing information can also help students to write fluently
+Disadvantages
-It might be hard for students to pick which parts of the story are key components, and they may add parts that aren't as important
- It could be time consuming for the students write them out, at an older age they should be able to make a good summarizing statement about the book they read.
+ELL
-The teacher could have the parts of the story written out for the student and the student could put them in order. This would help the student because they wouldn't have to be coming up with their own idea and parts of the book, while they will still need to use what they learned from the book.

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This strategy is an instructional activity in which the students will take turn being the teacher in a small group setting. They will discuss and ask questions about the reading material they all read. All of the students will take turns being in the role of the teacher.
+Advantages
-Teaching and playing the role as the teachers is the best way for students to learn
-Group discussion can give students new ideas and point of views about the books they read
+Disadvantages
-Group settings can be distracting for some students
-Some students will participate while others will not
-Important parts or ideas may not come up with no teacher guidance during the discussion
+ELL Scaffold
-Since it would be hard to participate in group discussion or lead discussion ELL students could be paired with another ELL who speaks their native language and they can have a discussion about the reading. If that is not an option the ELL's group during their turn could make inferences about the setting. If the book is a chapter book with no pictures the students could draw what they think the setting would look like. The teacher could provide context clues such as key words and phrases from the text to guide students in their drawings. After they finish drawing they could discuss why they think the setting would look like that.

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Students Take Charge: Reciprocal Teaching