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https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/top-10-technology-trends-for-2018-ieee-computer-society-predicts-the-future-of-tech-300571274.html

1.       The digital currencies became the common trade currencies and became very high as there vales raised in the U.S.

2.       The Assisted transportation is a vehicles that has slowed down due to big obstacles that assistance has continued to grow.

3.       In 2019 they will review the predictions and determine how closely technology now matches up.

4.       IEEE computer society unmatched for technology information and the career development and what it offers

5.       Cybersecurity is becoming a essential to everyday life but becoming really hard to manage.

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https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2017/07/13/the-biggest-challenges-facing-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-business-and-society/#5581aa442aec

1. Artificial intelligence could cost up to $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030.

2.Artificial intelligence recently came around because up until now there wasn’t enough computer power to be able to make huge calculations very quickly.

3.There has been slow progress with artificial intelligence because of data volume and increasingly complex algorithms.

4.Since artificial intelligence is not a big market yet, researchers do not have the funding they need to advance it quickly.

5. Right now artificial intelligence machines only focused on one specific skill that they continue to get better at every day and have a one-track mind.

6.Even if AI got the proper funding, they still wouldn’t have enough people who can help operate these machines and help advance the Artificial intelligence technology.

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Molecular Clock Could Greatly Improve Smartphone Navigation

http://news.mit.edu/2018/molecular-clocks-improve-smartphone-navigation-performance-0713

o   MIT has developed the first ever molecular clock compared to the usual atomic clocks.

o   The atomic clocks are generated based off resonance of atoms, compared to the new molecular clock which runs off of rotations of molecules.

o   The new molecular clock is 10,000 times more stable than the regular used clocks that are found in all smartphones today.

o   The new chip uses very little power (66 milliwatts) , compared to the hundreds of milliwatts that many at home appliances use around the house.

o   The molecular clock chip can be used for many real-life scenarios, such as on the battlefield to detect bombs. The chip can also be used for under water sensing to trigger water sensors in the ocean.

o   The chip could be a very good cheap alternative to the much pricey and larger atomic clocks that are not found in any types of small gadget, such as a smartphone.

o   The new molecular clock is completely electronic and made of the same components as what are located in smartphone chips .

o   Although molecular clocks are already much cheaper and efficient than what we are used to , scientists are still experimenting to cut costs and make them use even less power.

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http://news.mit.edu/2018/how-to-control-robots-with-brainwaves-hand-gestures-mit-csail-0620

A new system of controlling robots with hand gestures and brainwaves began at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL)

The past work has been focused on simple binary-choice activities, and newer work expands to multiple task-choices.

It monitors brain activity, and the system can detect if a person notices an error in real time as the robot does the task.

It also measures muscle activity. So the person can make a hand gesture to scroll and choose the robot’s next task

The team demonstrated this on which a robot moves a power drill to one out three possible targets of a mock plane

The system works on people the robot has never seen before which means that they can apply the robot to real-world settings without training the users

They harnessed the power of electroencephalography for brain activity and electromyography for muscle activity

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Brain-Controlled Robots

http://news.mit.edu/2017/brain-controlled-robots-0306

·         A team from MITs Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and Boston University are creating a feedback system that corrects robot mistakes with peoples’ brains.

·         The system uses data from an electroencephalography (EEG) monitor which records brain activity.

·         The system can detect and classify brain waves from 10-30 milliseconds.

·         Focused on brain signals called “error-related potentials” (ErrPs), which are generated whenever our brains notice a mistake. As the robot indicates which choice it plans to make, the system uses ErrPs to determine if the human agrees with the decision.

·         While watching the robot, all you have to do is mentally agree or disagree with what it’s doing.

·         They believe the robots could be very beneficial/ useful for people who can’t communicate verbally: a task like spelling could be done through several minor binary decisions.

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http://news.mit.edu/2018/artificial-intelligence-senses-people-through-walls-0612

https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/smart-technology-sees-through-walls-track-identify-people-ncna888721

1.       MIT’s latest project called “RF-Pose”, uses artificial intelligence to sense people’s postures and movements. Even through walls when tested the range of the device.

2.       The computer scientist that created the RF-Pose would like to bring the device into the medical field. Saying “The RF-Pose could be used to monitor diseases like Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, and muscular dystrophy…” ( Paragraph 4, line 1)

3.      The researchers use a neural network to analyze radio signals that bounce off people’s bodies.

4.       Through the radio signals, the device can create a dynamic stick figure that mimics the gestures performed by the case study.

5.      The MIT team claims they want to start using the device as soon as it is fully functional; not only for medical reasons, but for video games and rescue missions.

6.      The device has a success rate of 83 percent, but won’t be released until the rate is brought up to a 100% success rate.

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https://www.bitcoinmining.com/

1.      In Bitcoin mining you can buy computers that mine for an online currency named bitcoin.

2.      The average bitcoin price in 2018 is $7,019.55

3.      In 2017 bitcoin had an epidemic where bitcoin was 18000 dollars while today the average bitcoin is still worth 7 thousand has decreased a lot.

4.      People use very powerful and fast computers to do bitcoin mining.

5.      Bitcoin has to have miners to process the transactions used in bitcoin and that’s how bitcoin miners make money.

6.      Bitcoin is also very secure because it’s all direct processed.

7.      Bitcoin is also not run by the government its ran by the online community.

8.      Bitcoin is a great way to make money if you are good with computers and have lots of patience.

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http://news.mit.edu/2017/unlocking-marine-mysteries-artificial-intelligence-1215

1)      Students clone what an oceanographer does and put their understanding of the ocean into a robot.

2)      Students develop code for missions that were done on the river. Examples would be finding hazardous objects in the water, detecting temperature and acoustic data, as well as communicating with other vehicles

3)      A.I. marine vehicles can help reverse global warming, as well as explore the 95% of the ocean that’s undiscovered

4)      Adding A.I. capabilities to marine vehicles can prevent navigational accidents

5)      For A.I. to be effective in water computer software must be combine with marine expertise

6)      Students test their vehicles and coding  in spring at enter the MIT Sailing Pavilion on the Charles river

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https://www.slashgear.com/we-cant-trust-self-driving-car-ai-just-yet-06540214/

·         Although people know that self-driving cars are a part of the future, there is still controversy over it.

·         There have been accidents in self-driving cars, some even resulting in death.

·         The self-driving cars go through a simulation before being put out on the road, this simulation is not as trustworthy because it does not go on a real-world road. Therefore, the self-driving car can have some faults when it comes to this area.

·         Also, different weather conditions can affect the sensors of the self-driving car.

·         There has been much confusion between smart cars, as some happen to have different functions. This confusion has already cost one life.

·         Self-driving cars work best with other self-driving cars, but not everyone has these type of cars. In the transition from regular cars to the self-driving cars, there could be problems with the different types of cars because they work differently.

·         The self-driving cars are controlled by computers, which makes them vulnerable to being hacked.

·         There is still much work that needs to be done, in order to ensure safety of humans (specifically when it comes to car makers and the proponents of AI).

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https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05791-w

·         There is a controversial proposal that will force programmers to disclose any public concerns with AI technology in terms of privacy issues.

·         If computer scientists create products without considering any impacts on the world then it could lead to technology becoming like unfavorable industries such as oil and tobacco.

·         The FCA (Future of Computing Academy) has implemented rules to force researchers to consider how their work will influence the public and focus on allowing more privacy for everyone. This is called the Peer-review proposal.

·         The Peer-review proposal is for the use of certain peer reviewers to identify side effects from certain technology to be fixed or evaluated.

·         Even though there might be privacy problems with certain products, they will not be rejected but the problems with the technology will just need to be disclosed in order for people to be aware of the privacy problems.

·         Computer scientists have not been trained to notice the flaws in their work regarding the impact on people.

·         Problems with certain technology needs to be disclosed not to just be noticed but to also be fixed in order to innovate with this new technology.

·         This proposal should then allow for certain products to be safer for the public to use so people’s privacy is not violated.

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https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/may/29/tesla-crash-autopilot-california-police-car

Tesla that crashed into police car was is “autopilot mode”

First of all, it crashed into a stopped vehicle. It was said to be programmed to avoid all stopped vehicles on the road.

In the article is also says that “Tesla has always been clear that auto pilot doesn’t make the car impervious to all accidents.” So meaning that the cars are not able to process ways to avoid accidents

The Tesla needs lane markings and a clear center divider on the road while in auto pilot

In the article it states “failing to detect stopped vehicles is a known problem for makers of cars with autonomous features. Tesla’s manual warns: ’Traffic-Aware Cruise Control cannot detect all objects and may not brake/decelerate for stationary vehicles or objects, especially in situations when you are driving over 50mph (80kmh) and in situations where a vehicle you are following moves out of your driving path and a stationary vehicle or object is in front of you.’”

Also in the article it says “If a car in front of a Volvo using ‘pilot assist’ changes lanes, revealing a stopped car in front, ‘pilot assist will ignore the stationary vehicle and instead accelerate to the stored speed’”

They want to avoid false slamming on braked which can also be dangerous

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https://www.osv.ltd.uk/how-reliable-are-smart-cars/

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Self-Driving Cars for Country Roads

http://news.mit.edu/2018/self-driving-cars-for-country-roads-mit-csail-0507

·         Self- diving cars are very difficult to invest in because they are only tested and run  in major cities, however there are many roads around the world that are unpaved and unlit, so Rus and colleagues at CSAIL developed MapLite.

·         Maplite is a framework that allows self-driving cars to operate even on roads they’ve never seen or experienced before.

·          It uses on board sensors and vision algorithms to detect the area 100 feet in advance.

·         The system can also run models to determine the possibilities and outcomes of there being any collisions or accidents.

·         MapLite hopes to expand from back and unpaved roads in rural areas, to even more terrains such as mountains and steep elevation, all without never seeing the roads ever before.

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180710072013.htm

1)     Computer scientists came up with a way to predict side effects to medication using artificial intelligence

2)     Doctors hesitate adding prescription drugs to patients mix because they are unaware of outcome

3)     Artificial intelligence (Decagon)  can test all outcomes efficiently

4)     125 billion possible side effects- impossible to test all

5)     The system infers patterns about drug interaction side effects based on how drugs target different proteins

6)     Once a pattern is found the group has to test predictions

7)     In many cases, Decagon was correct and scientists weren’t

8)     Team hopes to extend results to more than just side effects associated with pairs of drugs

9)     Trying to avoid side effects being discovered my accident

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http://news.mit.edu/2018/how-to-control-robots-with-brainwaves-hand-gestures-mit-csail-0620

·         Researchers from MIT are trying to create a system where you can control robots with hand gestures and brain waves.

·         If there is a mistake, a human brain will naturally emit a signal to indicate the error which the robot can pick up. A series of electrodes will also be placed on the arm of the person to be able to control the robot with muscle movement. The two methods combined create very precise and accurate reading from the robot to execute the movements needed.

·         Unlike previous systems, there is no need for a trained personnel in order to operate this system.

·         The new system makes communicating with a robot more like communicating with another human.

·          A system like this can be very helpful, it increases the efficiency of a robot and can even help elderly or workers with limited mobility.

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https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/facebook-artificial-intelligence-ai-chatbot-new-language-research-openai-google-a7869706.html

1. The ai started talking to each other in an easier language for them to understand but we couldn’t.

2. They didn’t speak regular English because there was no incentive too.

3. It was supposed to be a chat about trade or barter

4. The language is entirely text based

5. They started to act like regular humans by acting they were interested in an item later having to give it up is a big sacrifice

6. Alice said “Balls have zero to me” and Bob said “you I everything else”

7. Pronouns were talking about each other or themselves

8. Some of the lines help the AI come to a conclusion about the trade they were making

9. “Google revealed that the AI it uses for its own language can translate things in and out of”

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https://money.cnn.com/2017/10/11/technology/google-home-mini-security-flaw/index.html

The Google Home Mini saved recordings at times when the wake word "OK Google" wasn't used.

It's not uncommon for companies like Google and Amazon to keep the audio smart speakers hear but in this case, the device wasn't activated by the wake word.

Google has sent out a software update which will now permanently disable it.

After using the gadget, they went to their Google activity account page and noticed it was populated with audio clips recorded in his home.

Google allows users to deactivate any existing Google devices from saving audio recordings via its setting page.

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180806073203.htm

Ages between 8 to 18 years old spend more than 7 hours using screens daily

Want people to “Sit less; play more.”

Too much screen time can lead to a cardiovascular disease or a stroke

Because devices have become more portable, it has not decreased the amount of sedentary time (sitting, laying down) or risk of obesity

Influences eating behaviors because people are not noticing when they are full; have “tuned out” due to the screen in front

Recommendation is to get no more than 1-2 hours of recreational screen time daily

Screen-based devices should not be in bedroom because it can affect one’s sleep, face-to-face interactions, or outdoor time

All information is not known, but as time passes obesity is put to a larger risk to those and an even larger challenge to help fix it

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http://news.mit.edu/2018/artificial-intelligence-senses-people-through-walls-0612

·         Created to help older people live more independently

·         Could also be used to play video games

·         They use radio signals that bounce of people bodies and then can create a dynamic stick figure that does everything that the actual human is actually doing.

·         It doesn’t just detect people it can also scan for objects such as stairs, animals and other objects.

·         Able to estimate a person’s posture and movements without cameras, using only the wireless reflections that bounce off people’s bodies.

·         A key advantage about this artificial intelligence is that you don’t have to wear any sensor on your body.

I don’t believe this is the best way to watch over elders because, if they are alone and this AI is watching them and they fall or they start having a stroke there is nothing that this AI can possibly do to save them. I strongly believe that this technology would be better for people at war to be able to see through walls.

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Article: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180619230841.htm

·         MIT researchers have created a new chip, named Navion, which is the size of a US dime, to help raise the efficiency in the navigation of microscopic robots and drones.

·         The draw of this new chip is that it uses its power more efficiently and is also much smaller than its older counterparts. It also has more advanced navigational features and can process real-time camera footage at over 170 frames per second.

·         The advanced navigation can be used for drones to record areas unable for human travel or satellite scanning. They are also exploring ideas for its use in nanotech.

·         The chip was designed from the ground up rather than from an existing chip, as it gives the designers a more flexible approach to creating the chip

·         The new chip integrates picture processing in the main unit itself, which saves on power consumption

·         Compared to the previous chip, the new one processes data faster and utilizes around 24 milliwatts, as opposed to the older model’s 2 watts.

·         The team first plans to test the chip on a miniature race-car with a screen to hopefully show off its power in determining where it is in space, as well as its power efficiency. Soon after, they plan to test it on a miniature drone.

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Link: http://news.mit.edu/2018/fleet-autonomous-boats-service-cities-reducing-road-traffic-0523

1.      MIT researchers from the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Senseable City Lab in the Department of Urban studies and planning, have designed and developed a fleet of autonomous boats that offer high maneuverability and precise control.

2.      These autonomous boats are made using a low-cost 3-D printer and are able to be rapidly printed, making mass manufacturing more feasible.

3.      The boats rectangular 4-by-2-meter hulls are equipped with sensors, microcontrollers, GPS modules, and other hardware, which could be programmed to self-assemble into floating bridges, concert stages, platforms for food markets, and other structures in a matter of hours.
4.      To make the boats, the researchers 3-D-printed a rectangular hull with a commercial printer, producing 16 separate sections that were spliced together. Printing took around 60 hours. The completed hull was then sealed by adhering several layers of fiberglass.

5.      Power supply, Wi-Fi antenna, GPS, and a minicomputer and microcontroller are integrated into the hull.

6.      To maneuver the boat precisely MIT researchers designed a effective thruster placement, four thrusters in the center of each side, making the boat more agile and efficient.

7.      The next step into making these boats viable for the future is to develop adaptive controllers to account for changes in mass and drag of the boat when transporting people and goods, the controllers will account for wave disturbances and stronger currents.

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https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/05/technology/workplace-ai.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FArtificial%20Intelligence&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection

-Artificial Intelligence is currently being used at the work place in some offices to do simple chores like accounting and scanning documents.

-The current AI software’s are unable to make high level decisions that require judgement and or experience. They are following simple rules and making yes or no decisions.

-“Bots” are currently being used and are another form of artificial intelligence that use simple ingredients to do simple tasks.

-State auto insurance companies in Columbus, Ohio use AI. They have 30 different soft wares handling office tasks which saves them about 25,000 hours of human work. (Equivalent to a dozen workers)

-Automation companies say that they do not want people to lose their jobs because of AI, they just want to make their jobs easier.

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http://news.mit.edu/2018/fleet-autonomous-boats-service-cities-reducing-road-traffic-0523

·         Driverless and autonomous boats could be used to eventually transport people around cities with water or canals.

·         The boats could also be used to test the water quality.

·         The boats could be programmed to self-assemble into floating bridges, concert stages, or platforms for food markets.

·         This is part of the “Roboat” project

·         There is wifi, GPS, and a power supply in the hull.

·         Some algorithms take 100 milliseconds to react, the one used for this boat takes less than 1 millisecond.

·         The boat is a square shape instead of the typical shape of a boat so that it can move sideways if necessary.

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AP COMP collage thingy for autonomous boat

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https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/12/uber-scales-back-self-driving-car-tests-in-wake-of-fatal-crash

1.       The car saw the person in the cross walk but didn’t react to the situation. Due to the self-driving car, the safety person was watching TV so they couldn’t manually stop the car.

2.        This incident banned Uber from using the self-driving cars.

3.       Uber pulled all self-driving cars from San Francisco, Toronto, and Pittsburgh.

4.       Uber laid off more than a 100 people who were working in the self-driving program.

5.       Uber intends to start operating more self-driving cars by the end of 2018.

6.       Uber tests out the self-driving cars on test tracks before they are put on the road to make sure they work correctly and they are going to  start to put two people in the car instead of one person.

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http://news.mit.edu/2018/novel-transmitter-protects-wireless-data-hackers-0611

·         Due the rising number of electronic devices, it is becoming easier and more prevalent for hackers to get into various devices whether it is an Apple Watch or an insulin pump

·         To prevent such constant hacking, MIT researchers have developed a transmitter that uses a form of frequency hopping to override and interrupt the hacking.

·         They have created a transmitter that is even faster than it takes a hacker to jam the data. It typically only takes a hacker 1 micro second to jam the data.

·         The researchers had to randomize everything because if they could figure out the order of one thing, they could essentially have access to everything.

·         The randomization allows hackers to never know which channel the data is being sent to, in turn decreasing the chances of a hack greatly.

·         Although it may seem unlikely that a transmitter can prevent such large numbers of hacks, it is possible due to the high speed that the transmitter can react.

·         This is a very positive thing for the rapidly increasing technology infused world because it will limit the amount of hacks that take place. Simple things like someone hacking into ones insulin pump and in turn causing harm to the person will be done away with.

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http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/07/computer-programs-can-learn-what-other-programs-are-thinking

·         By about the age of 4, human children understand that the beliefs of another person may diverge from reality, and that those beliefs can be used to predict the person’s future behavior.

·         AI aren’t fully written by programmers, but instead rely on the machine “learning” as it sequentially tackles problems. The resulting computer-generated solutions are often black boxes, with algorithms too complex for human insight to penetrate.

·         Neil Rabinowitz, a research scientist at DeepMind in London, and colleagues created a theory of mind AI called “ToMnet” and had it observe other AIs to see what it could learn about how they work.

·         ToMnet comprises three neural networks, each made of small computing elements and connections that learn from experience, loosely resembling the human brain. The first network learns the tendencies of other AIs based on their past actions. The second forms an understanding of their current “beliefs.” And the third takes the output from the other two networks and, depending on the situation, predicts the AI’s next moves.

·         In one test, there were three “species” of character: One couldn’t see the surrounding room, one couldn’t remember its recent steps, and one could both see and remember. The blind characters tended to follow along walls, the amnesiacs moved to whatever object was closest, and the third species formed subgoals, strategically grabbing objects in a specific order to earn more points. After some training, ToMnet could not only identify a character’s species after just a few steps, but it could also correctly predict its future behavior.

·         A final test revealed ToMnet could even understand when a character held a false belief, a crucial stage in developing theory of mind in humans and other animals.

·         AIs can predict other AI’s behavior based on what they know about themselves—are examples of neural networks’ “striking” ability to learn skills on their own.

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https://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-state-of-women-in-computer-science-an-investigative-report/

·         18% of computer science bachelor’s degrees in the US are earned by women.

·         Top colleges are trying to make their introductory computer science classes less intimidating in an effort to recruit more females, since prior classes assumed students had background knowledge in the subject.

·         The three main reasons for few women in computer science is poor exposure in middle and high school, teachers and parents discouraging tech classes, and lack of awareness of potential careers in the field, as said by Wendy DuBow.

·         Sexual harassment at tech firms, such as Uber, steer women away as well.

·         Lenore Blum explains that male students have male computer science majors to look up to, as well as roommates studying the same field, whereas females have less access to peer support.

·         Though some schools are increasing their bachelor-earning female students, they still face an unbalanced ratio of men to women in upper-level computer science classes.

·         Women with 8 years of programming experience report having the same amount of confidence as a male with zero to one year of programming experience.

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https://www.csoonline.com/article/3247868/vulnerabilities/spectre-and-meltdown-explained-what-they-are-how-they-work-whats-at-risk.html

·         Spectre and Meltdown are two vulnerabilities that were discovered in early 2018, which affected all Intel CPU chipsets created in the past 20 years.

·         The exploit came from a feature added to Intel chips known as speculative execution.

·         This feature would allow the CPU to essentially predict which actions a user would take ahead of time.

·         Speculative Execution created faster load times while also relieving stress on the processor.

·         The problem arises when the actions predicted by the CPU are incorrect, therefor leaving dead processed information aside.

·         This dead information, consisting of login credentials, bank account info, and internet history, remained insecure which allowed hackers to steal it.

·         Spectre was the exploit that revealed the info while Meltdown would chip away at the minimal security parameters that were set up by the computer.

·         Microsoft released a patch that helped solve the issue back in January.