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The descent of modification is shown through my taxonomic group because when an organism has offspring different combinations of genes are passed down making each offspring a little different. A mutation or change in gene frequency could have caused the group to spread off into separate species and still have the same ancestor. They all just have different modifications and looks to their bodies but still have many similarities that can be concluded that they must have come from a similar ancestor.

Stabilizing selection works for crustaceans because there was never a huge change in the taxonomic group even from millions of years ago. This means the certain traits that the species already obtain have not needed to change to allow the species to prosper. There is not one type of species in this group with an extreme version of any traits, so the more moderate ones were valued better and never changed.

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                   Evolution in Taxonomic Group

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                   Evolution in Taxonomic Group

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Taxonomic Group goes through punctuated equilibrium. This is shown through the fossils. The pictures of the fossils look almost identical to how the species do now. So this means the species have not changed in a very long time and go through major periods of stasis.

They've also gone through divergent evolution. My taxonomic group gathered differences in their bodies creating new species which shows divergent evolution. None of the organisms went through convergent evolution because no species developed similar characteristics due to adaptations.

Crustaceans must have gone through genetic drift as well because many of the species have very similar features like lobster and shrimp, but barnacles are still part of the same phylum but are a completely different species. This must be due to a mutation or random change in gene frequency causing the species to be so unique and different.

My taxonomic group could have gone through adaptive radiation too because many of the species contain the same features but have different adaptations due to their habitats and functions, such as the legs of the taxonomic group. Crabs have robust legs to help them dig themselves to hide in the sand and take protection, lobsters use their legs for walking on the bottom of the ocean floor, shrimp use their legs for swimming in the ocean or gathering food, and barnacles use their legs to bring in particles from the ocean to gain nutrients. They must have come from a common ancestor with legs, but then their habitats could have caused adaptation to overtake and cause the legs to be used for many different reasons.

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Exemplary Example 1       Exemplary Example 2        Exemplary Example 3
Common Name            European Lobster         Gooseneck Barnacle             Fairy Shrimp
Kingdom                   Animalia                   Animalia                    Animalia
Phylum                   Crustacea                  Crustacea                   Crustacea
Class                  Malacostraca               Maxillopoda                 Branchiopoda
Order                    Decapoda                  Pedunculata                   Anostraca
Family                 Nephropidae                Pollicipedidae               Parartemiidae
Genus                    Homarus                    Pollicipes                   Paratemia
Species                 Gammarus                    Polymerus                    Contracta

This shows the relation between the 3 exemplary examples because they all have the same kingdom and phylum. So it shows they must come from a similar ancestor. Once they begin to separate in certain categories that is what causes the small differences between the species.

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All have...

Antennae

Claws

Abdomen

Multiple legs

Lobster and Shrimp...

More in common

Lobster is like larger version of shrimp

Long Abdomen

Cylindrical carapace

Long antennae

Both swim with back tail

Crab and Lobster...

Larger claws

Robust legs

Crab...

Small abdomen

Short antennae

Wide and flat carapace

All shows they evolved from a similar organism because of the similar characteristics. Even though the crab looks the most unlike the others, it still has all the same body parts just in different forms. It adapted to walk on the ocean floor. The lobster is a mix between the shrimp and crab since it has similar characteristics to both. The lobster can swim with its tail(like shrimp), and walk on the floor with its robust legs(like crab). The shrimp looks like the smaller version of the lobster.

https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Shrimp.html

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Fossil #1: Mesolimulus Walchi Horseshoe Crab Fossil
Age: 150 million yrs old
Geological Time: Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian Stage
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/solnhofen/wesolimulus/wesolimulus-walchi.htm
Fossil #2: Burgess Shale Burgessia Arthropod
Age: 520 million yrs old
Geological Time: Early Cambrian
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/burgessshale/Burgessia/Burgessia.htm
Fossil #3: Slipper Lobster Fossil
Age: 93-97 million years old
Geological Time: Middle Cretaceous or Cenomanian Stage
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/Lebanese-Lagerstatt/Scyllaridae/Scyllaridae.htm
Fossil #4: Carpopenaeus Septemspinatus Shrimp Fossil
Age: 95 million yrs old
Geological Time: Early Triassic Olenekian Stage
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossils/Invertebrates/Ambilobeia-karojoi/Ambilobeia.htm
Fossil #5: Decapoda; Ambilobeia Karojoi
Age: 240 million yrs old
Geological Time: Early Triassic Olenekian Stage
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossils/Invertebrates/Ambilobeia-karojoi/Ambilobeia.htm

These fossils show evolution in the crustacean species because it shows how they must have evolved from a similar species. All these fossils from many different time periods long ago still look almost exactly the same as the species do now. As you can see in the photos all these fossils share a common body part, the tail. The shrimp and lobster tail looks more similar to each other than compared to the horseshoe crab photos, but the tails in the shrimp, lobster, and crab have similar functions. They all help the organisms move around. The lobster and shrimp use theirs for moving in the ocean, and the horseshoe crabs use their tail for moving and digging in the sand.

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shows how the crustaceans on the tree are closely related through their amino acid numbers

Means they have similar proteins when compared to the other organisms on the tree

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phylogeny-based-on-Bayesian-analysis-of-the-amino-acid-dataset-including-CHH-L-and-ITP-L_fig6_41577466

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Stone Crab:

Eggs lay on the female's abdomen in her egg sack

Can hold up to one million eggs

Eggs are in a cluster

Eggs start out as yellow yolk, but later in development egg yolk will absorbed by the embryo making it clear

By stage four the eye begins to take shape

By the sixth stage you can see pigment cells throughout embryo

Seventh stage is the last before hatching(normally occurs next morning)

Hatching occurs when female vigorously pumps abdomen until the embryo membrane breaks

Larvae then sims up to surface to gain food

Development continues in water column for next month before molting into next stage

https://ecurrent.fit.edu/blog/panther-voices/crab-development/

Kauai Shrimp:

Mated female has sperm attached to her, and when ready she will release her eggs(spawning)

Immediately become fertilized and released to water

Once spawned takes 14-18 hours to hatch

Go through 3 stages before become a fully formed shrimp

Once done the 3 stages, they are fully developed, but stay in the hatchery for 2 more weeks

https://www.kauaishrimp.com/page/shrimp-lifecycle

These embryonic developments show the two species relations because both species have their embryos in a huge numbers. Also, both females carry the eggs in a certain pouch beneath her abdomen, and the embryos both start out in a circular egg before going through their stages of development.

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Habitat

Live in vernal pools(temporary pools/ponds of water that provide habitat for distinctive animals)

Sometimes found in roadside ditches filled with water

Physical Characteristics

10-44mm long

pale colored or transparent

long narrow body with 11 pairs of paddle-like legs

females have a broad patch to carry eggs in(located below the legs)

Behavioral Characteristics

Swim upside down

eat algae and plankton

to digest food they produce a thick glue-like substance to mix with meal

use legs to gather food or scrape it from surface

one eggs hatch grow to maturity very quickly(18-60 days)

female's produce cysts which carry eggs

once cyst is released female can mate again

female produces several hundred cysts per season

https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Vernal-Pool-Fairy-Shrimp

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Habitat

Attach themselves to rocks, boats, and other animals

Physical Characteristics

Stalked barnacle with a heart-shaped shell

Chalky white color with black strips

resembles head of a barnacle goose

Behavioral Characteristics

Has both male and female sex organs

Eggs hatch into free swimming larvae which helps make up zoo plankton

In development they attach themselves with the stalk and do not move again unless removed by accident

Gather food with feather-like legs that filter particles from the water

Grow in sufficient numbers

https://www.arkive.org/goose-barnacle/lepas-anatifera/

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Habitat

Found in oceans(reefs/rocks), mud, or sand

Physical Characteristics

2 Front claws- one big, bulky claw used for killing prey and one slightly smaller claw for slicing

Soft internal tissue protected by exoskeleton

Back Tail allows for reverse swimming

If limb is lost, new one can grow

Behavioral Characteristics

Nocturnal

Female attaches 10,000-100,000 eggs to abdominal legs and carries for 10-12 months

Eggs change color when developing

Males look for mate when female no longer has exoskeleton and male does

http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/choose-a-species/invertebrates/other-aquatic-invertebrates/homarus-gammarus
https://www.nationallobsterhatchery.co.uk/whats-it-all-about/education/lobster-biology/

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4 Major Characteristics Shared by All Crustaceans 

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4 Major Characteristics Shared by All Crustaceans 

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1. All crustaceans molt
2. All head segments have antennae
3. All have gills
4. All have an exoskeleton
http://www.oceaninn.com/wildlife/crustaceans
https://animalsake.com/crustaceans-characteristics