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1. Veto- to reject

2. Reform- change that tires

3. Plague- diesease that spreads quickly and kills many people

4.Dictator- a person who ruled with complete power

5. Keystones- wedge-shaped stone of arch that locks it parts together

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1. Cuneiform- Sumerian system of writing made up of wedge-shaped marking

2.Domestication- to tame plants or animals for human use

3.Ziggurats- a temple built for worship in ancient Mesopotamia

4.Agriculture- growing crops for human use or farming

5. Divison Labor- different types of jobs fit skills of each person.

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1. Deity- god or goddes

2. Pharoah- all powerful king in Egypt

3. Dynasty- a line of rulers from one family

4. Mummy- a body tightly wrapped in linen strips

5. Pyramid- a tomb bulit for Egyptain pharoahs

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1. Covenant- agreement

2. Messiah- In Judaism, a deliverer sent by God

3. Rabbi- Jewish leader and teacher of the Torah

4. Abraham- founder of Judaism

5.Torah- 5 chapters of the Old Testament

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1. Polytheism- belief in many gods and goddesses

2. Sanskirt- written language developed by the  Aryans

3. Caste- social group a person is born into and cannot change

4. Reincarnation- rebirth of the soul or spirit in different bodies over time

5. Subcontinent- large landmass that is part of the continent but distinct from it

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1. Pictograph- a character that stnads for an object

2. Mandate- formal order

3. Social class- group of people who share a similar position in society

4. Ideograph- a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea

5. Silk Road- large network of trade routes streatching from western China to Mediterranean Sea

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1. Fable- short tale that teaches a lesson

2. Epic- long poem that tells about ledgends or heroes

3. Myth- story describing gods, or natural events

4. Comedy- form  of dramain which the story has a happy ending

5. Polis- in Greece a city-state and surrounding countryside that runs like it's own country

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1. Disciples- close follwer of Jesus

2. Parable- a story that uses events from everyday life to express spritual ideas

3. Mosaic- picture made from tiny bits of colored glass, tiles, or stones

4. Resurrection -the act of rising from the dead

5. Constantinople- captial of ancient Byzantine Empire; the cross roads of trade.

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1. Quaran- holy book of Islam

2. Bazar- marketplace

3. Oasis- green area in the desert fed by underground water

4. Islam- means "surrendering to the will of Allah".

5.Mosque- Muslim house of worshi

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1. Shrine- holy place

2. Shinto- spirit worship

3. Origami-  art of folding paper

4. Kami- The Nature spirits in Shintoism

5. Caliigraphy- beautilful hand writing

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1. Grand Jury- decided whether people should be accused of a crime

2. Monarchy- a government ruled by a king , queen, or emperor

3. Theology- the study of religion and God

4. Knight- middle ages, a noble warrior who fought on horseback

5. Missonary- person who travels to carry the ideas of a religion to others

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1. Florence- birth place of Renaissance

2. Renaissance- means rebirth

3. Humanism- based on Greek and Roman values, a way to gain knowledge through reason not just faith

4. Martin Luther- was a monk who challenged the Roman Catholic Chruch

5. Predestination- God had already decided who will got to heaven and who will not

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- Fertile soil due to seasonal raining
-Rivers and streams flow from the mountains
- Southern Mesoptamia is marshy area, wide , flat, and barren plains

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- Deserts
-Catarats
- Delta marshes

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- India has a subcontinent because it is seperated from asia
- Himsl

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- Founder Siddhartha Gauthama
-He was a prince who left his family and wealth to travel
- Saw suffering and questioned whuy there was suffering
- Popular because it rejects the caste system

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- All life is sacred
- Worlds third largest religion and one of the oldest
- Developed from the Aryan religion

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1. Brahmans- Priest
2. Kshatriyas- Warriors and rulers
3. Vaisyas- Common people
4. Sudras- Unskilled laborer and servants
5. Pariahs- Untouchables

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- Algebra
-concept and symbol for zero
- explained infinty ( something without end)
invented symbols for 1-9
- Invented algorithms

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Their writing system sanskrit

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- Mountains and deserts isolate and protect from others
-China has very little farmland
-Huang He ( Yellow River)

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Confucianism : The  founder of it is Confucius. He started the Zhou Dynasty the main idea was is that he believed that many people needed a sense of duty to be good.  Believed that all men with a talent for government should take part in it.
Daoism: The founder is Laoste. It is also known as  " the way " or " the path" . The symbol is Ying- Yang, the main idea is that people should give up wordly desires in favor of nature.
Legalism: The founder of Legalism is Hanfezi. The main idea was that they need a system of harsh laes and punishments. Believed humans were naturally evil, and this was used to control farmers

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1. King and his family
2. Warlords and other royal officals
3. Farmers
4. Merchants, shopkeepers, traders, and bankers

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- Made paper
-Gunpowder
-Compass
-Woodblock printing

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- Pictographs
- Ideographs

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The Mandate of Heaven was a law that gave emperors power to rule.

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- Mountains and Islands
- Surrounded by bodies of water
-Mainland Greece is peninsula

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Eastern Orthdox Chruch

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Socrates taught by using the socratic method.
Plato was a student of Socrates, he describes the best government which is headed by philosopher- king
Aristole is Plsto's he wrote a book about politics, and want to find the best form of government.

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It is an alliance to defend Greek land from the Persians near them

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They are going to the first to try democracy or rule by the people. They had a powerful direct democracy where people directly vote on laws and polices. Without their ideas we would never have had a representative. A democracy is when citizens choose a small group of people to make descision for them.

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He was Phillip ll of Macedonia and took over Greece.

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Polythestic

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1. Ruling- King
2.Upper class
3.Middle class
4. Lowe class
5. Slaves

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Cuneiform
Sailboat
Wheel
Bronze
Levees
Number based on 60

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Cunieform

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Worshipped many gods

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Pharoah
Nobles, Priest
Scribes, and Soilders
Carftmen
Farmers. and salves

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He was born in the cit of Makkah in 570 A.D.

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- Surgery
- Coffee
-University
- Music

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The Quaran is what they live by the Quaran is their holy book of Islam. People had to honor parents, give to poor, and not murder, lie, or steal. They do not eat pork, and they have to obey the 5 pilliars 1. Belief- in Allah
2. Prayer- 5 times a day
3.Charity- give to mosque
4. Fasting- Ramadan
5. Pilgrimae- go to Makkah at least once

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Quaran the holy bible and believe in one God named Allah

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- Arabia is mostly desert
- It's hot and has sandstorms
- Lives in villages near oases

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1. Equator- imagnery line that divides the earth
2. Map Key- explains the symbols on the map
3. Scales- used on maps as a tool for measuring distance

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Arabic

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He taught Jewish laws were not important  as having a relationship with God. He said God was coming to rule the world and that God was his father. He also used stories to teach lessons called parables.

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Hammurabi is an empire group of many different lands under one ruler

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Many Jewish people said he healed the sick. Many thought he was Messiah. Other Jewsih thought that he was not a savior

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They charged him with not being loyal to the government. They crucified him by hanging him on a cross until he was head.

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Men called monls live to live in commiunties called monasteries. There were people also called missionaries who travel around to teacj Christanity to others.

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He went to Rome and set up the Catholic Chruch.

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He spread Jesus teachings in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.

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Is a code that had to be simplified to them because they were to hard to understand

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- It looked like a boot
-Sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea
- Important role in the rise of Roman Civilazation

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1. Patricians- wealthy landowners, they were the ruling class
2. Plebeians- middle class, artisans, small farmers, shoekeepers, the groups could not marry each other.

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They feel because many farmers in the army, farmers came home no land because rich Roamans were buying their land

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How the Government influcence our government

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How the Government influcence our government

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A lot of things they did then we still continue to do it today

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The plague spread very fast, there was poor leadership, and suffered because of the inflation.

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Jewish

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1. You shall have no other gods before Me.

2. You shall not make idols.

3. You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain.

4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.

5. Honor your father and your mother.

6. You shall not murder.

7. You shall not commit adultery.

8. You shall not steal.

9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

10. You shall not covet.

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Shinto- The Japanese believed that all things were alive and they all had their own spirits.
Zen Buddhism- Emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition.

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During that period local rulers, either powerful families or military warlords, dominated the land, while the emperor was merely a figurehead and not a significant political presence.

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China influenced Japan with their writing system, religion, and language.

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Calligraphy

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Florence was the location. The Medici Family owned Florence.

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Shed new light  on  architecture, science, religion, philosophy and art.

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Changed many things.

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Council of Bishops and the Pope Paul II met in Trent Italy several times

Reform Catholic Church

Stope selling of indulgences

Bishops and priest ordered to follow strict rules of behavior

Train new priest in seminaries

Sent out a new order of priests (missionaries) Jesuits- society of Jesus to bring back Protestants

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Kings would grant land to noblemen, in exchange for promises of loyalty and protection.

Nobles were lords and vassals.

Vassal: a noble who served a lord of higher rank.

Showed loyalty by serving lord’s army and was given land in exchange= Knight

In return a peasant would become a knight.

Fief- land a lord granted to a vassal in exchange for military service & loyalty

Peasants looked to them for protection to the noblemen for protection=Serf

In return peasant would become a serf- peasant laborer bound by law to the lands of a noble

ALL NOBLES were VASSALS OF THE KING

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Charles the Great, or Charlemagne, united territories in modern-day France, Germany and Italy. Ordered many people in his kingdom to become Christian. After he died, Europe was thrown into war.

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Catholic Church was the only  real source of higher learning in Europe.

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These were fought between European Christians and Muslims from North Africa and the Middle East.