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My article is about how Artificial insemination is used and some of the pros and cons of doing this.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819320/

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https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10815-018-1278-2

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https://www.medicinenet.com/hormone_therapy/article.htm#hormone_therapy_facts
The article says hormone therapy is safe to use and still very effective for women who use it for less then 5 years.

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This article explains how Artificial Insemination can treat certain types of fertilities and the expectations of it

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When you and your partner talk to a doctor about getting help for infertility, he may suggest a technique called "artificial insemination." It's a simple procedure with few side effects, and it can help some couples who haven't been able to get pregnant.

In artificial insemination, a doctor inserts sperm directly into a woman's cervix, fallopian tubes, or uterus. The most common method is called "intrauterine insemination (IUI)," when a doctor places the sperm in the uterus.

Why is this helpful? It makes the trip shorter for the sperm and gets around any obstructions. Your doctor may suggest this method first as a treatment for infertility.

What Type of Infertility Can Artificial Insemination Treat?

The procedure can be used for many kinds of fertility problems. In cases involving male infertility, it's often used when there's a very low sperm count or when sperm aren't strong enough to swim through the cervix and up into the fallopian tubes.

When the issue is female infertility, it's sometimes done if you have a condition called endometriosis or you have anything that's abnormal in your reproductive organs.

This method might also be right for you if you have something called an "unreceptive cervical mucus." That means the mucus that surrounds the cervix prevents sperm from getting into your uterus and fallopian tubes. Artificial insemination lets the sperm skip the cervical mucus entirely.

Doctors also often suggest artificial insemination when they can't figure out the reason a couple is infertile.

What to Expect During the Procedure

Your doctor will use ovulation kits, ultrasound, or blood tests to make sure you're ovulating when you get artificial insemination. Then, your partner will need to provide a sample of his semen. The doctor will suggest that your partner avoid sex for 2 to 5 days before the procedure to help make sure his sperm count is high.

If you live close to the clinic, your partner may be able to collect a semen sample at home. If not, he'll do this in a private room. The reason it helps if you live close to the doctor's office is that the sperm must be "washed" in a laboratory within 1 hour of ejaculation.

Continued

The process of "washing" the sperm in a lab removes chemicals in the semen that may cause discomfort for a woman, and raises the chances of getting pregnant. Technicians liquefy the sperm at room temperature for 30 minutes and add a harmless chemical to separate out the most active sperm. They use a centrifuge to collect the best sperm.

Those are placed in a thin tube called a catheter and put through your vagina and cervix into the uterus.

Artificial insemination is short and relatively painless. Many women describe it as similar to a Pap smear. You may have cramping during the procedure and light bleeding afterward. Your doctor will probably have you lie down for about 15 to 45 minutes to give the sperm a chance to get to work. After that, you can get back to your usual activities.

In some cases, before you have the procedure, your doctor will place you on fertility drugs, such as clomiphene citrate ( Clomid). This helps your body ovulate multiple eggs.

Success rates for artificial insemination vary. Some reasons why the chances might be lower that it will work are:

Older age of the woman

Poor egg or sperm quality

Severe case of endometriosis

A lot of damage to fallopian tubes, usually from long-term infection

Blockage of fallopian tubes -- IUI will not work in this case

Other Issues With Artificial Insemination

The procedure won't work for everyone. Some couples try it several times before they get pregnant, while others may not have any success at all.

Your doctor may suggest trying it at least three to six times with injectable hormones before moving on to another treatment. If artificial insemination doesn't help you, there are other approaches you can try, such as in vitro fertilization with your own eggs or with donor eggs.

Be sure to compare costs before you choose a clinic for artificial insemination. Prices vary greatly from one to another. Make sure the estimate includes the costs of hormones and any other drugs you'll need, as well as the fee for sperm washing. If you're using sperm from a donor, remember that there will be an extra fee for each dose you use. Ask the clinic in advance which costs could be covered by your insurance.

Sources

SOURCES:
American Society for Reproductive Medicine web site.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists web site.
WebMD Fertility Center web site.
Human Reproduction Update, July-August 2002.
The Infertility Workup and Understanding Treatment Options, RESOLVE online.
The Merck Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2000.
The Fertility Handbook: A Guide to Getting Pregnant, Addicus Books, 2002.

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When you and your partner talk to a doctor about getting help for infertility, he may suggest a technique called "artificial insemination." It's a simple procedure with few side effects, and it can help some couples who haven't been able to get pregnant.

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This article talks about what artificial insemination is, the process and why women use it

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Artificial insemination is way of treating infertility. It involves direct insertion of semen into a woman's womb.

Originally used on livestock, artificial insemination has been adapted for human use.

In people, the sperm could originate from the woman's male partner, unless the male is infertile or there is no male partner, for example in the case of a single woman or a woman in a same-sex relationship.

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is the most commonly used method of artificial insemination, and it is the method with the best success rate, measured by the number of live births.

Why use it?

Artificial insemination can enable women to conceive who may otherwise not have the chance.

Artificial insemination can benefit couples or individuals with a range of needs.

In the United States, 12 percent of women aged 15 to 44 years are unable to conceive after one year of unprotected sex.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest that a woman should consider seeing an infertility doctor to discuss treatment if she has not conceived within one year of trying to, has irregular periods, is over the age of 35, or has experienced two or more spontaneous miscarriages.

A couple that produces healthy sperm and eggs but is unable to have intercourse, possibly due to a medical condition, such as erectile dysfunction, can be helped to conceive in this way.

In women with cervical factor infertility, the cervix either does not produce the mucus that helps sperm travel to the womb or the mucus contains a substance that kills the sperm. Artificial insemination can help to bypass this problem.

Endometriosis causes the cells from the womb lining start to growing outside the womb, for example, in the ovaries or the fallopian tubes. Artificial insemination can be successful in mild to moderate cases of endometriosis.

In rare cases, a woman may have an allergic reaction to certain proteins in the sperm. With artificial insemination. Most of these proteins can be removed before inserting the sperm.

Some men are unable to produce enough sperm for successful fertilization, or their sperm may not sufficiently motile, which means the sperm cannot move effectively towards the egg.

Some medical treatments carry the risk of infertility, for example, radiotherapy. Before the treatment, a man can freeze some of his sperm for future use in artificial insemination.

A single woman or a couple in a same-sex relationship may want to raise a child without a man. They can use sperm from a donor.

In some couples, there is no clear reason for the infertility, but IUI may be recommended.

Procedure

There are four types of artificial insemination:

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

Intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination (IUTPI)

Intracervical insemination (ICI)

Intratubal insemination (ITI)

Normally the sperm used is from the male partner, unless the male is infertile or there is no male involved. In these cases, a sperm donation is used.

Preparation of the semen sample

If a donor is being used, the sample will be donated to a sperm bank, quarantined, and the donor is tested for any transmittable diseases.

IUI is most likely to succeed if it takes place just after ovulation.

The sperm is kept frozen and is thawed out before any preparation is made.

A chemical known as cryoprotectant is added to the sample. This helps both the freezing and thawing of the sperm.

If the semen comes from the male partner, the couple will provide a sample.

This can be obtained using:

Masturbation

A collection condom, in which semen is collected during sexual intercourse

Surgical sperm aspiration, when the sperm is removed directly from the male reproductive tract

Vibratory or electric stimulation, when the male cannot ejaculate in the usual way.

Once the sperm sample has been collected, it is "washed" to remove any elements that could interfere with the fertilization.

The procedure

After a semen sample has been prepared, it is ready for artificial insemination.

During IUI, the sperm is put directly into the uterus with a fine catheter. The vagina walls are kept open using an instrument known as a speculum. The catheter enters the uterus through the cervix, and the sperm is pushed through the catheter.

For best results, IUI is normally carried out just after the woman has ovulated. This is when she is most fertile, as the eggs have just been produced.

Most women ovulate approximately 2 weeks after the first day of the monthly period.

The doctor may give the woman an OPK ( ovulation prediction kit). This is a device that detects hormone levels in the urine or saliva. It gives an accurate prediction of when she is going to ovulate.

Risks

There are a few risks associated with artificial insemination.

Multiple births can occur if IUI is combination with fertility medication, such as gonadotrophin, there is a greater chance of the woman giving birth to twins or triplets. Having multiple births increases the chances of complications such as premature birth or miscarriage.

Nowadays, fertility medication is normally used only in cases where endometriosis appears to be the cause of infertility.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) can cause a woman's ovaries to swell after taking a combination of fertility medication and IUI. It is rare, and symptoms are usually mild to moderate, but it can sometimes be serious.

A pregnancy test can be used after 2 weeks.

In mild cases of OHSS, symptoms include bloating, slight abdominal pain, and possibly nausea and vomiting. More severe cases may feature dehydration, chest pain and shortness of breath. Staying hydrated and taking paracetamol normally alleviates the pain, but more severe cases may require hospital treatment.

In the U.S., success rates, or live births resulting from IUI, have been observed at 10 to 15 percent among women aged 41 to 42 years, and 5 percent in women over 42 years.

More than six cycles of IUI are not recommended, as the chances of additional treatments having any success are very small.

At this stage, an alternative method should be tried, such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF).

After IUI treatment, the woman should wait 2 weeks before taking a home pregnancy test, because hormones that are associated with pregnancy will not be measurable before then.

For a more accurate result, the physician may suggest a blood test.

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University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine

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Artificial insemination: Uses, procedure, risks

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Artificial insemination is way of treating infertility. It involves direct insertion of semen into a woman's womb. Originally used on livestock, artificial insemination has been adapted for human use. In people, the sperm could originate from the woman's male partner, unless the male is infertile or there is no male partner, for example in the case of a single woman or a woman in a same-sex relationship.

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What I learned about this article is that many people are affected.

http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.8.2928

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https://www.healthline.com/health/artificial-insemination
this article talks about artificial insemination and the methods and solutions you can use

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The article says that its a surgery about preventing cancer
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/hormone-therapy-for-breast-cancer.html

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This article explain the differences about Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer & In Vitro Fertilization.

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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): What is it?

In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus. Other forms of ART include gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).

Why is IVF used?
IVF can be used to treat infertility in the following patients:
What is involved with in vitro fertilization?
There are five basic steps in the IVF and embryo transfer process:
Step 1: Fertility medications are prescribed to stimulate egg production. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs will not develop or fertilize after retrieval. A transvaginal ultrasound is used to examine the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to check hormone levels.

Step 2: Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through the pelvic cavity to remove the eggs. Medication is provided to reduce and remove potential discomfort.

Step 3: The male is asked to produce a sample of sperm, which is prepared for combining with the eggs.

Step 4: In a process called insemination, the sperm and eggs are mixed together and stored in a laboratory dish to encourage fertilization. In some cases where there is a lower probability of fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. Through this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg in an attempt to achieve fertilization. The eggs are monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking place. Once this occurs, the fertilized eggs are considered embryos.

Step 5: The embryos are usually transferred into the woman's uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization. A catheter or small tube is inserted into the uterus to transfer the embryos. This procedure is painless for most women, although some may experience mild cramping. If the procedure is successful, implantation typically occurs around six to ten days following egg retrieval.

Side effects of in vitro fertilization

Although you may need to take it easy after the procedure, most women can resume normal activities the following day.
Some side effects after IVF may include:

Passing a small amount of fluid (may be clear or blood-tinged) after the procedure

Mild cramping

Mild bloating

Constipation

Breast tenderness

If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: Some side effects of fertility medications may include:

Headaches

Mood swings

Abdominal pain

Hot flashes

Abdominal bloating

RARE: Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS)

What are the risks associated with in vitro fertilization?

As with most medical procedures, there are potential risks. More severe symptoms, typically from OHSS, include the following:

Decreased urinary frequency

Shortness of breath

Faintness

Severe stomach pains and bloating

Ten-pound weight gain within three to five days

If you experience any of these symptoms above, contact your doctor right away.
Additional risks of IVF include the following:

Egg retrieval carries risks of bleeding, infection, and damage to the bowel or bladder.

The chance of a multiples pregnancy is increased with the use of fertility treatment. There are additional risks and concerns related to multiples during pregnancy including the increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.

Though the rates of miscarriage are similar to unassisted conception, the risk does increase with maternal age.

The Mayo Clinic reports that the risk of ectopic pregnancy with IVF are 2-5%. An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants anywhere outside the uterus and is not viable.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) involves a significant physical, financial, and emotional commitment on the part of a couple. Psychological stress and emotional problems are common, especially if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unsuccessful.

IVF is expensive, and many insurance plans do not provide coverage for fertility treatment. The cost for a single IVF cycle can range from at least $12,000-$17,000.

How successful is in vitro fertilization?

The success rate of IVF clinics depends on a number of factors including reproductive history, maternal age, the cause of infertility, and lifestyle factors. It is also important to understand that pregnancy rates are not the same as live birth rates.
In the United States, the live birth rate for each IVF cycle started is approximately:
What if I don't produce healthy eggs or my husband is sterile?

You may choose to use donor eggs, sperm, or embryos. However, make sure to talk with a counselor experienced with donor issues. You will want to be informed about various legal issues related to gamete donation including the legal rights of the donor.

How many embryos should be created or transferred?

The number of embryos transferred typically depends on the number of eggs collected and maternal age. As the rate of implantation decreases as women age, more eggs may be implanted depending on age to increase the likelihood of implantation. However, a greater number of eggs transferred increases the chances of having a multiples pregnancy. Make sure to talk with your doctor before the procedure so you both agree on how many embryos to implant.

How do I choose an infertility clinic?

There are a number of questions to ask regarding the cost and details of specific centers and fertility programs. Some suggested questions are available online in Selecting Your ART Program.

Some couples want to explore more traditional or over the counter efforts before exploring infertility procedures. If you are trying to get pregnant and looking for resources to support your efforts, we invite you to check out the fertility product and resource guide provided by our corporate sponsor. Review resource guide here.

However, if you are looking for testing or options to increase your fertility chances of conception, you can find a fertility specialist with the search tool below:

For more information:
American Society of Reproductive Medicine
Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2014). Gamete and embryo donation: Deciding whether to tell.
https://www.asrm.org/FACTSHEET_Gamete_Donation_Deciding_Whether_To_Tell/
2. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. (2014). IVF - What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and how does it work?
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/IVF.html
3. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. (2014). Risks of fertility treatment.
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/fertility-treatment-risks.html
4. MedlinePlus. (2014). In vitro fertilization (IVF).
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007279.htm
5. Mayo Clinic. (2013, June 27). In vitro fertilization (IVF).
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/basics/definition/prc-20018905
6. RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association. (n.d.) IVF/ART.
http://www.resolve.org/family-building-options/ivf-art/

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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Side Effects and Risks

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In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus.

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This article talks about different categories about GIFTS.

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Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT)

What is GIFT?

GIFT is an assisted reproductive procedure which involves removing a woman's eggs, mixing them with sperm, and immediately placing them into a fallopian tube.

One of the main differences between this procedure and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) procedures is that with GIFT the fertilization process takes place inside the fallopian tube rather than in a laboratory. However, healthy tubes are necessary for GIFT to work.

How is GIFT performed?
GIFT is an assisted reproductive procedure that involves the following:

1. Patients must first have an x-ray to determine the presence of at least one healthy fallopian tube. The doctor will also use a laparoscope to ensure that there is not any scar tissue on the outside of the fallopian tube.

2. Using a laparoscope, eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries.

3. The male provides a sperm sample on the same day that the eggs are retrieved.

4. The eggs are then mixed with the sperm in a catheter.

5. The egg and sperm mixture is inserted into the fallopian tubes with a catheter.

6. The woman is then provided with medication to build up the uterine lining to support implantation of a fertilized egg.

If any additional eggs are left over, you may use them for IVF and save any viable embryos to use in the future.

Who can be treated with GIFT?
GIFT has been used with the following patients:

Couples with unexplainable infertility

Couples who have not had success with IVF

Couples who have a religious or moral reluctance to use IVF

Women who have at least one healthy fallopian tube

Couples in which the husband has a low sperm count or other problems with his sperm

However, according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, "There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of gamete intrafallopian transfer or zygote intrafallopian transfer in preference to IVF in couples with unexplained fertility problems or male factor fertility problems."

What are the differences between GIFT and in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

With IVF, the eggs are fertilized in a laboratory rather than in the fallopian tubes as with GIFT.

IVF can be used with couples in which the female does not have fallopian tubes or has blocked fallopian tubes.

IVF allows for fertilization confirmation and assessment of embryo quality.

GIFT does not involve fertilization outside of the body, so couples do not have to deal with the ethical concerns with choosing which embryos to transfer.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

The good news is that GIFT does not require you to be hospitalized. After the procedure, patients typically stay in recovery for about eight hours.

Doctors cannot visibly confirm fertilization or determine embryo quality with GIFT.

GIFT cannot be used in patients who have damaged or blocked fallopian tubes.

Some couples want to explore more traditional or over the counter efforts before exploring infertility procedures. If you are trying to get pregnant and looking for resources to support your efforts, we invite you to check out the fertility product and resource guide provided by our corporate sponsor. Review resource guide here.

However, if you are looking for testing or options to increase your fertility chances of conception, you can find a fertility specialist with the search tool below:

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Infertility faqs.
http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/Infertility/#d
2. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. (2009). What is GIFT and how does it work?
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/GIFT.html
3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2013). Fertility: Assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems.
http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg156/chapter/recommendations
4. RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association. (2014). IVF/ART.
http://www.resolve.org/family-building-options/ivf-art/
5. The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Health System. (n.d.). Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/fertility/services/gift.html

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Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer (GIFT)

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GIFT is an assisted reproductive procedure which involves removing a woman's eggs, mixing them with sperm, and immediately placing them into a fallopian tube. One of the main differences between this procedure and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) procedures is that with GIFT the fertilization process takes place inside the fallopian tube rather than in a laboratory.

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https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1010684903199

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Fertility specialists have found a way for women to have babies without men. Basically what they do is use chemicals acting as an 'artificial sperm' to trick a human egg into forming an embryo.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-79711/We-create-babies-men-claim-scientists.html

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What is it?
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most effectivefertility treatments, as it can be done using your own gametes (eggs and sperm), donor gametes or embryos or even a gestational carrier. With IVF, eggs are removed from the ovaries and mixed with sperm in a laboratory culture dish ("in vitro" is Latin for "in glass"). In cases of poor sperm quality, the sperm are actually injected into the egg using a micromanipulation technology known as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Who can benefit from IVF?
IVF is the safest and most effective option for managing all fertility problems, unless the primary problem is irregular ovulation, in which case simple ovulation-inducing medications can be used. Due to the lower cost and the absence of an egg harvesting procedure, superovulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI) is typically the first option for many couples. treatment is effective, with 10 to 20 percent pregnancy rates. Depending on the specifics of the couple's problem, IVF has a pregnancy rate of 30 to 50 percent per treatment for women under 36. In this age group, these success rates can be achieved with the transfer of a single embryo into the woman's uterus.

"If a woman has irregular periods and is not ovulating, the best treatment for this fertility problem is to simply use medication to help the woman ovulate," says Paul Claman, a reproductive-medicine specialist at the Ottawa Fertility Centre. "If there's a sperm problem or if a Fallopian tube is damaged, the best option is IVF." As well, if the woman suffers from endometriosis or unexplained fertility problems, if sperm are unable to survive in the cervical mucus or if there are antibodies that harm the sperm, specialists may recommend IVF as the best option.

IVF is not as effective for women who are in their late 30 to early 40s, says Claman, as the quality of eggs declines after the age of 35. Although sperm quality and quantity also decrease after the age of 40, Claman says that the change isn't profound enough to make a big difference.

The procedure works best if the woman is in good health and at a healthy weight. "With women who are morbidly obese, it becomes technically difficult to retrieve the eggs," says Claman. "Plus, there's a high risk of life-threatening complications from pregnancy for the mother and baby in this patient group." Underweight women who have a body mass index (BMI) of less than 18 risk developing serious complications later in pregnancy, such as fetal growth problems, otherwise known as intrauterine growth restriction. "We try to encourage underweight women to gain a bit of weight before starting fertility treatments so that they can have healthy children."

What does the procedure involve?
One cycle of IVF takes between four and six weeks to complete. When preparing for IVF, women take self-administered injections of fertility medications called gonadotropins, also referred to as a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), daily. These are sometimes taken together with luteinizing hormone (LH). These medications stimulate the ovaries to release more mature eggs than usual. At the same time, these women take additional injections of medications called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists daily to prevent early ovulation. Generally, patients give themselves two or three injections a day for 10 or more days. During this time of ovarian stimulation, patients visit the clinic two or three times for an ultrasound (and sometimes blood tests as well) to check on the development of their eggs. Once they are ready, a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which acts as a surrogate for the natural ovulation-inducing LH surge, is taken to prepare for the eggs' final maturation and retrieval. Thirty-six hours after the hCG injection, the eggs are retrieved.

"When they're ready, we schedule a procedure in which an ultrasound probe is inserted into the vagina and a needle is guided alongside the probe into the ovary to collect the eggs," says Claman. "It's a five- to 10-minute procedure done under sedation."

The woman's partner provides a sperm sample and, if it's normal sperm, the sample is prepared using a technology that provides the sperm with the ability to fertilize the egg outside of the body, known as sperm capacitation. If there are sperm problems, the sperm is prepared using a series of steps that prepares the sperm for injection into the egg using ICSI micromanipulation technology.

In cases where there are no problems with sperm quality, a sample of capacitated, moving sperm is added to each egg for fertilization to occur. If there are concerns that the sperm may have trouble fertilizing the egg, the sperm is injected into the egg using ICSI. Typically, there is a waiting period of two to five days before the embryos can be implanted. Allowing the embryos to grow as long as five days in the lab assists in choosing the most viable embryos for transfer into the uterus. Finally, the embryos are placed into the uterus using an embryo transfer catheter and guided through the cervix by ultrasound. Patients are advised to rest for about one hour after the procedure and then discharged. A few may even be able to return to work the next day.

Vaginal progesterone supplements are prescribed starting after the egg retrieval procedure and continuing up until the pregnancy test. The first pregnancy test will be taken 17 to 18 days after egg retrieval.

What are the risks?
The biggest risk of IVF is having multiples if more than one embryo is transferred into the uterus. "You might think 'Well, it just means that she'll be a busy mother and it isn't really a risk,'" says Claman, "but the problem is that when you carry twins, there is a greater risk of serious complications during the pregnancy that could lead to children with lifelong disabilities."

According to Claman, one in four twin pregnancies results in at least one of the babies spending the first two weeks of his life in intensive care. A less common complication of IVF is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) from having a very large number of eggs mature from the fertility drugs, which can be life-threatening in extreme cases. Other risks include an increased chance of having an ectopic pregnancy or delivering a baby with a birth defect (but the risk is low, at about one to two percent).

Although Claman says there aren't really any side effects to the fertility drugs-other than bloating from ovarian enlargement or OHSS-women often feel symptoms related to the challenge of going through the IVF process. "Any kind of emotionally challenging experience can create all kinds of physical sensations that aren't pleasant," he says. After the procedure, women usually feel bloated due to enlarged ovaries.

How successful is it?
The success rate of IVF depends on your age and particular fertility problems, but it's quite a safe procedure. "For women who are in their 30s, particularly in their younger 30s, it's a very effective treatment, even for the most severe fertility problems," says Claman.
Read more:
Your options when IVF doesn't work
I'm not ashamed of my infertility
6 ways to cope with infertility stress

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What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)? - Today's Parent

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What is it? In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most effectivefertility treatments , as it can be done using your own gametes (eggs and sperm), donor gametes or embryos or even a gestational carrier . With IVF, eggs are removed from the ovaries and mixed with sperm in a laboratory culture dish ("in vitro" is Latin for "in glass").

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https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/artificial-insemination#1

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The article speaks about the process of artificial Insemination, the process, and when the doctor steps in and suggests it. And what they think is best for the prents and p
https://www.healthline.com/health/artificial-insemination

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         Adamaris Mendoza https://www.medicinenet.com/hormone_therapy/article.htm#how_is_hormone_therapy_ht_prescribed

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What i learned in this article is that   the administration of hormones especially to increase diminished levels in the body
there could be side affects like  headaches,  nausea,  breast pain.

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This article discusses the process of manually combining sperm and an egg in a laboratory dish, while explaining the problems couples may face participating in this.

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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): What is it?

In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus. Other forms of ART include gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).

Why is IVF used?
IVF can be used to treat infertility in the following patients:
What is involved with in vitro fertilization?
There are five basic steps in the IVF and embryo transfer process:
Step 1: Fertility medications are prescribed to stimulate egg production. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs will not develop or fertilize after retrieval. A transvaginal ultrasound is used to examine the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to check hormone levels.

Step 2: Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through the pelvic cavity to remove the eggs. Medication is provided to reduce and remove potential discomfort.

Step 3: The male is asked to produce a sample of sperm, which is prepared for combining with the eggs.

Step 4: In a process called insemination, the sperm and eggs are mixed together and stored in a laboratory dish to encourage fertilization. In some cases where there is a lower probability of fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. Through this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg in an attempt to achieve fertilization. The eggs are monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking place. Once this occurs, the fertilized eggs are considered embryos.

Step 5: The embryos are usually transferred into the woman's uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization. A catheter or small tube is inserted into the uterus to transfer the embryos. This procedure is painless for most women, although some may experience mild cramping. If the procedure is successful, implantation typically occurs around six to ten days following egg retrieval.

Side effects of in vitro fertilization

Although you may need to take it easy after the procedure, most women can resume normal activities the following day.
Some side effects after IVF may include:

Passing a small amount of fluid (may be clear or blood-tinged) after the procedure

Mild cramping

Mild bloating

Constipation

Breast tenderness

If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: Some side effects of fertility medications may include:

Headaches

Mood swings

Abdominal pain

Hot flashes

Abdominal bloating

RARE: Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS)

What are the risks associated with in vitro fertilization?

As with most medical procedures, there are potential risks. More severe symptoms, typically from OHSS, include the following:

Decreased urinary frequency

Shortness of breath

Faintness

Severe stomach pains and bloating

Ten-pound weight gain within three to five days

If you experience any of these symptoms above, contact your doctor right away.
Additional risks of IVF include the following:

Egg retrieval carries risks of bleeding, infection, and damage to the bowel or bladder.

The chance of a multiples pregnancy is increased with the use of fertility treatment. There are additional risks and concerns related to multiples during pregnancy including the increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.

Though the rates of miscarriage are similar to unassisted conception, the risk does increase with maternal age.

The Mayo Clinic reports that the risk of ectopic pregnancy with IVF are 2-5%. An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants anywhere outside the uterus and is not viable.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) involves a significant physical, financial, and emotional commitment on the part of a couple. Psychological stress and emotional problems are common, especially if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unsuccessful.

IVF is expensive, and many insurance plans do not provide coverage for fertility treatment. The cost for a single IVF cycle can range from at least $12,000-$17,000.

How successful is in vitro fertilization?

The success rate of IVF clinics depends on a number of factors including reproductive history, maternal age, the cause of infertility, and lifestyle factors. It is also important to understand that pregnancy rates are not the same as live birth rates.
In the United States, the live birth rate for each IVF cycle started is approximately:
What if I don't produce healthy eggs or my husband is sterile?

You may choose to use donor eggs, sperm, or embryos. However, make sure to talk with a counselor experienced with donor issues. You will want to be informed about various legal issues related to gamete donation including the legal rights of the donor.

How many embryos should be created or transferred?

The number of embryos transferred typically depends on the number of eggs collected and maternal age. As the rate of implantation decreases as women age, more eggs may be implanted depending on age to increase the likelihood of implantation. However, a greater number of eggs transferred increases the chances of having a multiples pregnancy. Make sure to talk with your doctor before the procedure so you both agree on how many embryos to implant.

How do I choose an infertility clinic?

There are a number of questions to ask regarding the cost and details of specific centers and fertility programs. Some suggested questions are available online in Selecting Your ART Program.

Some couples want to explore more traditional or over the counter efforts before exploring infertility procedures. If you are trying to get pregnant and looking for resources to support your efforts, we invite you to check out the fertility product and resource guide provided by our corporate sponsor. Review resource guide here.

However, if you are looking for testing or options to increase your fertility chances of conception, you can find a fertility specialist with the search tool below:

For more information:
American Society of Reproductive Medicine
Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2014). Gamete and embryo donation: Deciding whether to tell.
https://www.asrm.org/FACTSHEET_Gamete_Donation_Deciding_Whether_To_Tell/
2. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. (2014). IVF - What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and how does it work?
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/IVF.html
3. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. (2014). Risks of fertility treatment.
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/fertility-treatment-risks.html
4. MedlinePlus. (2014). In vitro fertilization (IVF).
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007279.htm
5. Mayo Clinic. (2013, June 27). In vitro fertilization (IVF).
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/basics/definition/prc-20018905
6. RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association. (n.d.) IVF/ART.
http://www.resolve.org/family-building-options/ivf-art/

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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Side Effects and Risks

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus.

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An interview with Dr. Steven Simpson, MD, discussing the importance of raising awareness of the signs and symptoms of sepsis, and how Sepsis Alliance is helping to reduce the number of deaths caused by sepsis in the USA.

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IVF, ICSI pregnancies lead to increased risk of congenital heart defects in newborns

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An interview with Dr. Steven Simpson, MD, discussing the importance of raising awareness of the signs and symptoms of sepsis, and how Sepsis Alliance is helping to reduce the number of deaths caused by sepsis in the USA.

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180308143058.htm

In the database I found is that this therapy is  also part of LV and may
contain heart attacks.

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This article talks about how women can combine the sperm and egg together in a laboratory dish .

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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): What is it?

In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus. Other forms of ART include gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).

Why is IVF used?
IVF can be used to treat infertility in the following patients:
What is involved with in vitro fertilization?
There are five basic steps in the IVF and embryo transfer process:
Step 1: Fertility medications are prescribed to stimulate egg production. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs will not develop or fertilize after retrieval. A transvaginal ultrasound is used to examine the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to check hormone levels.

Step 2: Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through the pelvic cavity to remove the eggs. Medication is provided to reduce and remove potential discomfort.

Step 3: The male is asked to produce a sample of sperm, which is prepared for combining with the eggs.

Step 4: In a process called insemination, the sperm and eggs are mixed together and stored in a laboratory dish to encourage fertilization. In some cases where there is a lower probability of fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. Through this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg in an attempt to achieve fertilization. The eggs are monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking place. Once this occurs, the fertilized eggs are considered embryos.

Step 5: The embryos are usually transferred into the woman's uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization. A catheter or small tube is inserted into the uterus to transfer the embryos. This procedure is painless for most women, although some may experience mild cramping. If the procedure is successful, implantation typically occurs around six to ten days following egg retrieval.

Side effects of in vitro fertilization

Although you may need to take it easy after the procedure, most women can resume normal activities the following day.
Some side effects after IVF may include:

Passing a small amount of fluid (may be clear or blood-tinged) after the procedure

Mild cramping

Mild bloating

Constipation

Breast tenderness

If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: Some side effects of fertility medications may include:

Headaches

Mood swings

Abdominal pain

Hot flashes

Abdominal bloating

RARE: Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS)

What are the risks associated with in vitro fertilization?

As with most medical procedures, there are potential risks. More severe symptoms, typically from OHSS, include the following:

Decreased urinary frequency

Shortness of breath

Faintness

Severe stomach pains and bloating

Ten-pound weight gain within three to five days

If you experience any of these symptoms above, contact your doctor right away.
Additional risks of IVF include the following:

Egg retrieval carries risks of bleeding, infection, and damage to the bowel or bladder.

The chance of a multiples pregnancy is increased with the use of fertility treatment. There are additional risks and concerns related to multiples during pregnancy including the increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.

Though the rates of miscarriage are similar to unassisted conception, the risk does increase with maternal age.

The Mayo Clinic reports that the risk of ectopic pregnancy with IVF are 2-5%. An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants anywhere outside the uterus and is not viable.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) involves a significant physical, financial, and emotional commitment on the part of a couple. Psychological stress and emotional problems are common, especially if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unsuccessful.

IVF is expensive, and many insurance plans do not provide coverage for fertility treatment. The cost for a single IVF cycle can range from at least $12,000-$17,000.

How successful is in vitro fertilization?

The success rate of IVF clinics depends on a number of factors including reproductive history, maternal age, the cause of infertility, and lifestyle factors. It is also important to understand that pregnancy rates are not the same as live birth rates.
In the United States, the live birth rate for each IVF cycle started is approximately:
What if I don't produce healthy eggs or my husband is sterile?

You may choose to use donor eggs, sperm, or embryos. However, make sure to talk with a counselor experienced with donor issues. You will want to be informed about various legal issues related to gamete donation including the legal rights of the donor.

How many embryos should be created or transferred?

The number of embryos transferred typically depends on the number of eggs collected and maternal age. As the rate of implantation decreases as women age, more eggs may be implanted depending on age to increase the likelihood of implantation. However, a greater number of eggs transferred increases the chances of having a multiples pregnancy. Make sure to talk with your doctor before the procedure so you both agree on how many embryos to implant.

How do I choose an infertility clinic?

There are a number of questions to ask regarding the cost and details of specific centers and fertility programs. Some suggested questions are available online in Selecting Your ART Program.

Some couples want to explore more traditional or over the counter efforts before exploring infertility procedures. If you are trying to get pregnant and looking for resources to support your efforts, we invite you to check out the fertility product and resource guide provided by our corporate sponsor. Review resource guide here.

However, if you are looking for testing or options to increase your fertility chances of conception, you can find a fertility specialist with the search tool below:

For more information:
American Society of Reproductive Medicine
Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2014). Gamete and embryo donation: Deciding whether to tell.
https://www.asrm.org/FACTSHEET_Gamete_Donation_Deciding_Whether_To_Tell/
2. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. (2014). IVF - What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and how does it work?
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/IVF.html
3. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority. (2014). Risks of fertility treatment.
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/fertility-treatment-risks.html
4. MedlinePlus. (2014). In vitro fertilization (IVF).
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007279.htm
5. Mayo Clinic. (2013, June 27). In vitro fertilization (IVF).
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/basics/definition/prc-20018905
6. RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association. (n.d.) IVF/ART.
http://www.resolve.org/family-building-options/ivf-art/

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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Side Effects and Risks

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus.

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They are trying to create an artificial sperm to trick a human egg into forming an embryo. It would make all the babies females and genetically identical to just the mother

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by BEEZY MARSH, Daily Mail

Fertility specialists have found a way for women to have babies without men.

It involves a cocktail of chemicals acting as an 'artificial sperm' to trick a human egg into forming an embryo.

The stunning discovery has alarmed medical ethics campaigners, who described it as turning nature on its head. Researchers say the groundbreaking technology could be used to help women whose husbands are infertile but who do not want to use donor sperm.

Any babies born from the process would be female and genetically identical to their mother.

Taken to its extreme, it could lead to the science fiction nightmare of a female-dominated society where men have little or no role.

The news also creates a legal minefield for UK authorities which govern fertility treatments, because British laws do not cover the creation of an embryo without sperm.

The discovery was made by researchers from the Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics in Los Angeles.

They were investigating new ways of genetically modifying embryos to grow into brain nerve cells, in order to give transplants to patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Their experiments with mice triggered a form of asexual reproduction called parthenogenisis, which until now has happened only in creatures such as insects and frogs.

In normal human reproduction, an egg carrying 23 pairs of chromosomes, the building blocks of life, is fertilised by a sperm, which also carries 23 sets.

This crucial binding, creating 46 pairs of chromosomes, opens the way for cell division, the very beginning of human life.

But researchers Dr Jerry Hall and Dr Yan-Ling Feng managed to make eggs duplicate their own chromosomes to create the number needed to start cell division.

Several embryos were transferred to mouse 'foster mothers' where they developed successfully before being destroyed after 13 days.

Though the process has yet to be tested on human eggs, studies have already shown that they behave in a similar way to those of mice. The findings are due to be unveiled today at the annual meeting of the respected American Society of Reproductive Medicine in Florida.

They have been hailed as a new way of producing different kinds of cells for medical use.

Dr Michael Soules, president of the ASRM, said: 'If this works with human eggs, there could be tremendous opportunities for clinical applications. I think everyone is going to find this work to be very exciting.'

But Dr Jacqueline Laing, expert in medical ethics from London's Guild Hall University, said last night: 'This is alarming. Just because scientists can do something, it does not mean that they should.

'This process does not respect human life, in seeking either to procreate without the male or to use human eggs to turn them into some other part of the body for transplants.

'It doesn't respect reproduction and ordinary relations between men and women and the natural functions we have to protect human beings from arbitary creation. What are we expecting that any children born of this process will feel? If we go down this avenue, what else will be permissible?'

Paul Tully, of the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children, said: 'Parthenogenisis is akin to cloning in a sense. It is the way lower orders of animals such as frogs and insects are able to reproduce.

'It is entirely unknown for this to happen in humans and this is a very disturbing discovery. Apart from the ethical concerns of what was happening to these embryos without their consent, it could mean that, theoretically, it would be possible to eradicate men.'

He added: 'What we are seeing here is the technological imperative - they are doing it just because they can. Is society going to curb this or are we going to see even more outlandish discoveries?

'My fear is that, as with cloning, there will be horrific developmental abnormalities and accelerated ageing of these embryos. One dreads to think what they may suffer in the name of science.'

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which governs IVF research in Britain, said a new law on parthenogenic embryos may be needed.

A spokesman said: 'The view would probably be that no research could be carried out without permission and it certainly would not be licensed for clinical use unless it was proven safe and there were no ethical concerns.'

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We can create babies without men, claim scientists

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by BEEZY MARSH, Daily Mail Fertility specialists have found a way for women to have babies without men. It involves a cocktail of chemicals acting as an 'artificial sperm' to trick a human egg into forming an embryo. The stunning discovery has alarmed medical ethics campaigners, who described it as turning nature on its head.

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Important information that i think would be really helpful.

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Artificial insemination is a fertility treatment method used to deliver sperm directly to the cervix or uterus in the hopes of getting pregnant. Sometimes, these sperm are washed or "prepared" to increase the likelihood a woman will get pregnant.

Two chief approaches to artificial insemination exist: intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracervical insemination (ICI). Some women may also take medications to stimulate ovarian follicle growth and increase conception chances.

Conceiving requires a man's sperm to travel up the vagina, through the cervix, into the uterus, and into a fallopian tube where an egg is fertilized. However, sometimes a man's sperm isn't mobile enough to make this trip. Other times, a woman's cervix may not be favorable to allow sperm to travel into the uterus. In these instances and other situations, artificial insemination may help a woman conceive.

A doctor may recommend a couple pursue artificial insemination:

after six months of having unprotected sex if a woman is older than age 35

after a year of having unprotected sex if a woman is younger than age 35

ICI

ICI is a type of artificial insemination that involves inserting sperm into the cervix. This is the passageway just outside the uterus. This approach can be used in a doctor's office or at home. The steps for this process include:

A woman will monitor her ovulation cycle using a calendar method, ultrasound, by taking her temperature regularly, or a combination of these. Sometimes, a doctor may prescribe medications to induce ovulation and increase the likelihood a woman will release multiple eggs. Clomid is one commonly prescribed medication.

A woman's partner will donate sperm for use or a woman will obtain a sperm sample from a donor.

A doctor will insert sperm into the vagina using a special syringe. Another option is to place the sperm in a cervical cap that's inserted into the cervix and stays for a designated amount of time.

A woman will typically be instructed to lie down for 15 to 30 minutes. This ideally allows the sperm to move up from the cervix into the uterus.

A woman can return to her regular activities after this time. In about two weeks or slightly longer, she'll take a pregnancy test to determine if the insemination process was successful.

IUI

IUI is a procedure that involves inserting sperm past the cervix and directly into the uterus. The steps for this process are similar to that of ICI, but are usually performed at a doctor's office and with specially prepared sperm. Additional steps include:

The semen is prepared or "washed" to remove potential proteins that could affect fertilization. This also makes the sperm more concentrated. Ideally, this will increase the likelihood a woman will conceive.

A doctor will use a special instrument called a speculum to make the uterus easier to access. They'll use a special, thin instrument inserted through the vagina and place the sperm into the uterus.

Some women may experience some cramping or light bleeding following the procedure. Others may not experience any residual effects at all.

When the procedure is performed in a sterile fashion, the risks for infection are minimal. However, it's possible that a woman could experience a pelvic infection or inflammation after the procedure.

There's another side effect that's important to consider. Taking fertility medications along with artificial insemination increases the likelihood for multiple children, such as twins or triplets.

A common misconception about artificial insemination and taking fertility medications is that they're associated with a greater risk for birth defects. This isn't true, according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

The success of artificial insemination depends on more than the approach taken. Factors include:

a woman's age

use of fertility medications

underlying fertility concerns

Success rates for ICI

According to a research study published in the journal Human Reproduction, the pregnancy rate for ICI is 37.9 percent after six treatment cycles.

Success rates for IUI

The same study found a 40.5 percent success rate for IUI after six treatments.

According to an article in the Journal of Andrology, pregnancy success rates for IUI are higher after six cycles of IUI compared with the same amount of ICI cycles. This is likely due to the more direct placement and preparation of highly concentrated sperm. According to the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, preparing a sperm sample in a laboratory increases the concentration of sperm by 20 times.

Artificial insemination can be a beneficial and successful treatment for some couples who have trouble conceiving. Some of the conditions a doctor may recommend artificial insemination for include:

couples where a man may have a genetic defect and using donor sperm is preferred

men with a low sperm count

men with low sperm motility

women whose cervical mucus may be unfavorable to getting pregnant

women with a history of endometriosis

Artificial insemination also provides the benefit that a single woman or a same-sex couple can get pregnant using donated sperm.

According to the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, IUI can cost anywhere from $460 to $1,500. This cost doesn't include prices for fertility medications.

However, there may be other costs prior to the insemination itself. This can include consultation, semen testing, and ultrasound monitoring.

Sometimes, an insurance company will cover a portion of the costs related to artificial insemination. IUI tends to be more expensive than ICI because:

it's more invasive

performed at a doctor's office

usually involves sending the sperm to a laboratory

Some women may choose a home insemination. Most commonly, home inseminations are ICI procedures.

Some of the benefits of an at-home artificial insemination is that a woman can be in the privacy of her own home. Most commonly, a practitioner such as a midwife will use an unwashed specimen that's obtained directly and immediately from a man.

At-home inseminations aren't as regulated as they are at a medical office. For this reason, it's important that a woman or couple thoroughly discuss the procedure and its risks and benefits with the person performing the insemination. A home environment increases risk of infection over a clinical environment.

People can also purchase at-home insemination kits. These kits come with containers for semen and syringes to collect the semen and insert it through the vagina. While the procedure is fairly straightforward, it may be difficult for a woman to perform on herself. It can take several attempts before successful conception.

If a woman hasn't gotten pregnant after six cycles of artificial insemination, she may wish to evaluate her additional fertility options with her doctor. Also, some women may be unable to do artificial insemination due to underlying fertility problems that make conception unlikely. For example, a woman who's had both fallopian tubes removed won't be able to get pregnant via artificial insemination.

In these instances, a doctor may recommend an additional fertility treatment called in vitro fertilization (IVF). This treatment involves extracting eggs from a woman and sperm from a man. These are sent to a laboratory, where sperm are used to fertilize an egg in a laboratory setting. The fertilized eggs are allowed to grow as embryos. A doctor will then transfer an embryo or embryos into a woman's uterus in the hopes an embryo will implant and a successful pregnancy will occur.

Artificial insemination is a treatment that's providing many couples, including same-sex couples and single women across the country, the chance to get pregnant after having difficulty conceiving. If a woman has had difficulty getting pregnant or wishes to receive assistance in conceiving, she should talk to her doctor about fertility treatment options.

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Artificial Insemination: Process, Success Rates, at Home

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Artificial insemination is a fertility treatment method used to deliver sperm directly to the cervix or uterus in the hopes of getting pregnant. Sometimes, these sperm are washed or "prepared" to increase the likelihood a woman will get pregnant. Two chief approaches to artificial insemination exist: intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracervical insemination (ICI).

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Artificial Insemination and stories of the mothers :) This article talk about the process of IUI. IUI is another term or word for artificial insemination. The mothers tell their story how they became to be to being artificially inseminated. Some mother had to wait at least 1 month for the artificial insemination.

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There's something incredibly overwhelming about first hearing the word "infertile." Suddenly, this picture of how you always believed your life would work out feels in jeopardy. The options laid out before you are scary and foreign. They're also the complete opposite of the "fun" you had believed trying to conceive would be.

Still, here you are, considering those options and trying to choose the best path for you. One of those options may be intrauterine insemination (IUI). This is a procedure whereby the sperm is washed (so that only the best of the sample remains) and is then placed directly into your uterus when you are ovulating.

Should you try IUI?

IUI can be beneficial for couples with unexplained infertility or women with cervical mucus problems. It's not a great option for women with scarred or closed fallopian tubes.

Women have a 10 to 20 percent chance of getting pregnant with each IUI cycle. The more cycles you go through, the better your chances become. But sometimes, as you're weighing those options, the random numbers can feel a bit cold and hard to relate to.

Instead, it can be helpful to hear from women who have been there. Here's what they had to say.

IUI success stories and failures

All you need is one

"We attempted medicated cycles (Clomid) at first. It was an epic failure. So then we moved onto IUI, and the first cycle worked! My advice would be to do your research and choose a reproductive endocrinologist you feel most comfortable with. Hopefully it's someone who has a good reputation with cases similar to yours. We only had one egg when all was said and done, but that one egg fertilized and became our daughter. Believe them when they say that all you need is one!" - Josephine S.

Don't give up hope

"We had several failed IUIs and then magically got pregnant on our own when we took a one-cycle break before considering in vitro fertilization (IVF). This was after it was said by many that it couldn't happen. Not everyone will be as lucky as we were. But I've heard other stories of couples having a similar experience: They had no luck with IUI, and then suddenly had miracle pregnancies when they decided to take a break for a month or two. Just don't give up hope." - Kelly B.

Our multiples pregnancy

"We attempted IUI three times, with the third ending in an ectopic pregnancy. We took a break and thought we'd come to grips with our position. Three years later, we decided to give IUI one more try. We ended up with a triplet pregnancy! One faded, and now we have two healthy babies." - Deb N.

Our luck with IVF

"We did four IUIs. None of them worked out. That was when we moved onto IVF. We got pregnant on the third attempt. I wish now that we had stopped after thethird IUI and gone on to IVF sooner." - Marsha G.

Work with a specialist

"We did IUI unsuccessfully four times. I tried twice with my OB and then with specialists. After the fourth failure, the specialist said we should try IVF instead. We did IVF four times, two fresh cycles and two frozen. I got pregnant on both frozen cycles, but miscarried early on the first. Today, we have an almost 4-year-old from that second frozen IVF cycle. I think our only mistake was sticking with my OB instead of finding a specialist right away. They just couldn't provide the same services and weren't quite set up for the process in the same way." - Christine B.

My rude awakening

"We had three failed IUIs. But then we miraculously got pregnant naturally a few months later. I think the biggest surprise to me was that the IUI process was incredibly painful. My cervix is twisted and my uterus is tipped. This made the IUI process the most horrendous pain I've ever been through. To give some context, I also had an all-natural, drug-free labor. I wish I'd been prepared. Everybody told me it was going to be easy. Luckily, I've heard IUI is not more painful than a Pap spear for most people. My doctor said I was only the second patient in their 30 years of practice to have this issue. But it's important to be aware it could painful, instead of experiencing the rude awakening I had." - Kari J.

Walking on eggshells

"I had two failed IUIs before moving onto IVF. My doctors were all very adamant about no activity, low stress, and positive thoughts. I was so stressed about not being stressed! After my IVF baby was born, I finally got an endometriosis diagnosis. It turns out, IUI probably never would have worked for me. I wish I hadn't spent all that time walking around on eggshells." - Laura N.

My miracle baby

"I have severe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). My left ovary doesn't work at alland my pelvis is tilted. We were trying to conceive for two years, with eight rounds of Provera and Clomid, plus trigger shots. It never worked. So then we did an IUI round with the same protocol and got pregnant. I started bleeding at five weeks, was placed on bed rest at 15 weeks, and stayed there until I had an emergency cesarean delivery at 38 weeks. My miracle IUI baby is now 5 years old, healthy, and perfect." - Erin J.

Finding more control

"Our diagnosis is unexplained infertility. I have done 10 IUIs. The seventh worked, but I miscarried at 10 weeks. The 10th also worked, but I miscarried again at six weeks. All were unexplained. I consider it all a waste of time. We moved onto IVF after that, and the first was successful. I wish we had jumped right to IVF and hadn't wasted the two years before that. There are just too many unknowns with IUI. With IVF, I felt like there was more control." - Jen M.

Next steps

Predicting whether or not IUI will work for you is incredibly subjective. It will vary based on individual circumstances. Most women stress the importance of, and power in, having a doctor you trust. Do your research and seek out a specialist you feel comfortable working with. Together, you can weigh all the pros and cons to determine the best course of action for you.

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There's something incredibly overwhelming about first hearing the word "infertile." Suddenly, this picture of how you always believed your life would work out feels in jeopardy. The options laid out before you are scary and foreign. They're also the complete opposite of the "fun" you had believed trying to conceive would be.

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what i learned in this article was that there are pros and cons of changing babies DNA
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jan/08/designer-babies-ethical-horror-waiting-to-happen

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Effect of vaginal sildenafil on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) after multiple IVF failures attributed to poor endometrial development

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Effect of vaginal sildenafil on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) after multiple IVF failures attributed to poor endometrial development

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028202033757