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Gothic literature can be defined as a 'deliciously terrifying blend of horror and romance.' It is a literature which exposes the fears and foibles of mainstream society"

Gothic Literature is a style of writing characterized by horror, strange settings and language, intense emotions and supernatural events.
The purpose of Gothic Literature was to confront problems and ideas that were considered a "taboo" within society.

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It deals in irrationality, excess and transgression, frequently involving madness and supernatural.
It focuses on the evil side of human nature and have supernatural, unexplained elements to it.

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YOur mother is small

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Stevenson may be introducing the idea that within every individual there is an untamed beast waiting to be released. This is something that humans cannot avoid as it is simply apart of out human nature.
"man is not truly one, but truly two"

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The dark side of human nature and a lack of men's control

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The dark side of human nature and a lack of men's control

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The novel focuses a lot on the dark side of human nature, meaning, what we as humans are capable of if we let go our inhibitions and moral codes of restraint.  "trampled calmly". This is represented by Mr Hyde who is the embodied representation of Dr Jekyll's darker side of human nature. Mr Hyde seems to subvert all the expectations of society by doing all of the evil, cruel, inappropriate and socially forbidden things that Dr Jekyll can't do. For example, when Mr Hyde "broke out in a great flame of anger" he left the old man in a terrible state with his bones "audibly shattered"

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Stevenson may be critiquing Victorian society for repressing men and essentially forbidding them to act out against what they believe is 'civilised' , despite the fact that humans have many emotions and need to release them.

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Mr Hyde is simply unpredictable and excessively violent. Through his character, Stevenson demonstrates the effects of what could happen to mankind if society continue to take charge and control their actions.

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Stevensons purpose could be  to present to society the idea of apperance vs reality and the measures some people would go to in order to prevent themselves from being labelled as 'an outsider'. For example Jekyll who is considered a respectable, upstanding man, feels he has to hide his darker, inner identity from the rest of society. This is beacuse he possibly fears the reactions and opinions of society.

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Stevensons is perhaps appealing to those classed as outsiders within th Victorian Society. He inlcudes characters of Mr Hyde as some people may be able to relate to him.

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Stevensons purpose may be to critique the victorian socities views on those who dont conform to typical stereotypes ....

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Stevensons purpose may be to critique the victorian socities views on those who dont conform to typical stereotypes ....

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YOur motyher is

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Despite the fact that Stevenson doesn't mention the word "addiction" it is clear that it is at the core of the novel. Dr jekyll secludes himself from society as a result of his addiction as he is "succeeded by an expression of such abject terror".

Stevenson also explores the physical effects of addiction which can be seen more towards the end of the novel. We witness how Dr Jekyll struggles to live without the drug and despite his “collected manner” he “struggles to wrestle with the approaches of hysteria” not only does this show the extent of Dr Jekyll’s addiction, it also show how the “powers of Hyde have grown with the sickliness of Jekyll”.

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The idea of the double refers to the duality within a character, in this case it is Hyde who is within Jekyll. Stevenson could be using this as a warning to the rest of the Victorian society to show how there are two sides to every one person. Also shows the reader how everybody is capable of both good and evil deeds.

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There are many features that can be used within Gothic Literature here are some that are specifically used in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde:

Unfamiliar or unusual environments

Mysterious/frightening creatures. people or ghosts

Nightmares, madness and mental torment

Creates a sense of fear in reader

Dark and gloomy settings

A fear of science

Science used for evil or disastrous purposes

Nothing is ever completely explained

Dark secrets

Unusual natural events

The Double

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This refers to the idea of law breaking or alternative views of knowledge, primarily linking to the quote about Mr Hyde when he 'trampled calmly' over the little girl . This links simply due to the reason that he committed violence against this innocent child (law-breaking) and the adverb 'calmly' dictates that he had no emotion when he did so which could be due to his alternative view of knowledge as he may not have known what he was doing was wrong.

Similarly, Stevenson gives the impression that Mr Hyde has no morals associating with the idea of alternative forms of knowledge as Hyde seems to have contrasting and abnormal perceptions  in comparison to the rest of the world. This can be shown when Mr Hyde speaks about when he beat his 'unhappy victim' Sir Danvers to death and compares it to 'a sick child may break a plaything.' as he believes his act will have no consequences.

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Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, creates a tension between the world of science and the world of the supernatural. Stevenson also shows how the world of science, which is represented by Mr Utterson is unable to understand the supernatural. Jekyll confesses at the end of the novel that he’s very interested in the duality of man when he says “ man is not truly one but truly two” and we know that he uses chemicals and other things to attempt to find out the true nature of man, by including Jekyll's spiritual side Stevenson is able to show that his his mind isn’t like the mind of the lawyer and doctor in his society.

Hyde is described as someone who looks “displeasing” and he “gives a sense of deformity”, which can not be explained by science or anything else. This idea of deformity of the mind as well as the body, is used by Stevenson to show the power that the supernatural has over nature and it’s effect. As the 'ID' is your natural instinct, perhaps Stevenson is critiquing Victorians view that the 'Id' is a deformity in the mind.