# data[].attributes.body
O surgimento do minimalismo ocorreu em meio á uma explosão de informações trazidas nos anos 50 pelo movimento pop art, com a intenção de causar sentimentos opostos onde a singularidade dispensa muitas interpretações onde o ponto de vista de quem observa é fundamental para identificar o que a obra expressa.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Minimalismo é um movimento artístico e cultural que surgiu nos Estados Unidos no começo da década de 1960. A palavra minimalismo se refere a uma série de movimentos artísticos, culturais e científicos que percorreram diversos momentos do século XX e preocuparam-se em fazer uso de poucos elementos fundamentais como base de expressão.

Algumas características do Minimalismo- Elaboração de obras (pinturas, esculturas, músicas, peças de teatro) com a utilização do mínimo de recursos;
- Utilização de poucas cores nas pinturas;
- Nas artes plásticas, destaque para o uso de formas geométricas com repetições simétricas;
- Criação de músicas com poucas notas musicais, valorizando a repetição sonora.

1. Carmen Herrera, 1915, Havana, Cuba

Artista cubana-americana do "Expressionismo A bstrato" e pintora minimalista . Suas obras abstratas fizeram com que ela tivesse o reconhecimento internacional somente no final de sua carreira. Ela completou 100 anos em maio de 2015.

2. Charlotte Posenenske, 1930- 1985, Wiesbaden, Alemanha

Associada ao minimalismo, trabalhou fazendo esculturas, pinturas e obras sobre papel. Posenenske trabalhou produzindo séries, ou seja, que não havia limite para as edições.

3. Beverly Pepper, 1922, Broklyn, New York

É uma escultora americana conhecida por suas obras monumentais. Ela permanece independente de qualquer movimento de arte particular. Ela foi casada com o escritor Curtis Bill Pimenta.

4. Mary Corse , 1945, Berkeley, Califórnia

É uma artista americana que vive e trabalha em Los Angeles, Califórnia. Ela é membro da dominação masculina luz e espaço movimento de arte da década de 1960, embora o seu papel só foi plenamente reconhecido nos últimos anos. Ela é mais conhecida por sua experimentação com superfícies radiantes em pintura minimalista, incorporando materiais que refletem a luz, como microesferas de vidro. Corse recebeu seu BFA da Universidade da Califórnia, Santa Barbara , em 1963, e seu MFA da Art Institute Chouinard (agora CalArts) em 1968.

5. Nasreen Mohamedi, 1937-1990, Karachi, Paquistão

Hoje, Mohamedi é considerada uma das figuras mais importantes da arte do século XX. Conhecida por seus desenhos à base de linhas. Apesar de ser relativamente desconhecida fora de sua terra natal, durante a sua vida, o trabalho de Mohamedi tem sido alvo de críticas do público internacional durante a última década. Seu trabalho foi exposto no Museu de Arte Moderna (MoMA) em Nova York, o Museu Kiran Nadar of Art, em Nova Deli, documentaem Kassel, na Alemanha, e em Talwar Gallery, que organizou a primeira exposição individual de seu trabalho fora da Índia em 2003, e que representou sua propriedade há mais de uma década, em Nova York e em Nova Delhi.

6. Agnes Martin, 1912-2004, Macklin, Canadá

Agnes Bernice Martin foi uma pintora americana. Muitas vezes referida como um minimalista, Martin considerava-se uma expressionista abstrata. O seu trabalho tem sido definida como um "ensaio em critério, interioridade e do silêncio".

7. Mary Obering, 1937, Shereveport, Louisiana

Obering divide seu tempo entre Nova York e Itália. Seu trabalho, que combina técnicas tradicionais do renascimento com o rigoroso formalismo, procedente da arte minimalista americana e claramente reflete suas peregrinações. Seus trabalhos atuais favorecem o uso da têmpera de ovo e folha de ouro em painéis gessoed.

8. Jo Baer, 1929, Seattle, Washington

Josephine Gail "Jo" Baer é uma pintora americana. Ela começou a exibir seu trabalho na galeria de Fischbach, New York, e outros locais de arte contemporânea nos anos 1960. Em meados dos anos 1970, ela se afastou da pintura não-objetiva. Desde então, Baer fundiu imagens, símbolos, palavras e frases de maneira não narrativa, um modo de expressão que uma vez chamou de "figuração radical."

9. Anne Truitt, 1921-2004, Baltimore, Maryland

Truitt foi uma figura importante na arte americana, desenhou, pintou e escreveu, mas ela ficou reconhecida por suas grandes esculturas em madeira, verticais, pintadas em muitas camadas de tinta. "Eu tenho lutado toda a minha vida para obter significado máxima na forma mais simples possível", disse ela em entrevista ao The Washington Post em 1987.

10. Edwina Leapman, 1934, Hampshire, Reino Unido

Leapman foi atraída para a pintura abstrata no final de 1950. Embora interessada em minimalismo e expressionismo abstrato ela desenvolveu seu próprio estilo e processo de trabalho. As pinturas de Leapman foram sempre com base em linha de edificação por linha e a densidade da tinta.

Top 10 artistas mulheres do expressionismo abstrato que você precisa conhecer!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Top 10 artistas mulheres minimalistas que você precisa conhecer!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Minimalismo é um movimento artístico e cultural que surgiu nos Estados Unidos no começo da década de 1960. A palavra minimalismo se refere a uma série de movimentos artísticos, culturais e científicos que percorreram diversos momentos do século XX e preocuparam-se em fazer uso de poucos elementos fundamentais como base de expressão.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan

Self-Portrait - Piet Mondrian

Piet Mondrian

Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan

Born: March 7, 1872; Amersfoort, Netherlands

Died: February 1, 1944; New York , United States

Active Years: 1892 - 1944

Nationality: Dutch

Art Movement: De Stijl (Neoplasticism),Neo-Impressionism

Painting School: Degenerate art (exhibition, held by the Nazis in Munich in 1937, named to inflame public opinion against modernism)

Genre: abstract

Field: painting

Influenced by: Vincent van Gogh,Paul Cezanne,Pablo Picasso,Jacob van Ruisdael,Cubism

Influenced on: Josef Albers,Ad Reinhardt,Lee Krasner,Ilya Bolotowsky,Balcomb Greene,Yuri Zlotnikov,Richard Diebenkorn,Abstract Expressionism,Minimalism

Art institution: Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Friends and Co-workers: Marc Chagall,Fernand Leger,Jan Toorop,Theo van Doesburg,Roman Selsky,Margit Selska

Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_Mondrian

An influential non-representational painter, Piet Mondrian's art evolved over his lifetime into his own unique style, which he coined "neo-plasticism." This art was not based on outside artistic influences or on typical techniques, but was instead Mondrian's interpretation of his deeply felt philosophical beliefs. He subscribed to two sets of philosophical beliefs; theosophy, a religious mysticism which sought to help humanity achieve perfection, and anthroposophy, which held that the spiritual world was directly accessible through the development of the inner self. His works were thus aimed at helping humanity through aesthetic beauty and breaking from a representational form of painting. He published his explanation of neo-plasticism in his art publication De Stijl (The Style) in 1917 and 1918.

Although his early work was representational, he slowly developed his artistic philosophy, his works slowly devolving first into cubism, then to pure abstraction and non-representation. After WWI, he flourished in the post-war atmosphere of Paris, which allowed him pure creative freedom. Upon the outbreak of WWII, and the approach of fascism, he moved to Manhattan, NY, where he spent the rest of his life. It was in his Manhattan studio where he felt most creative, and in which he created his great masterpieces.

Mondrian was an avid painter, and would paint until his hands blistered. Sometimes he made himself sick, and others he made himself cry from exhaustion. While in his Manhattan apartment, he rearranged large colored panels on his walls, and painted other portions, rearranging and moving the panels as he completed his canvas paintings, or as he completed periods of painting. He later said that his ever-changing surroundings in his Manhattan studio was the best space he ever inhabited. After his death, his friend Harry Holtzman carefully measured each of the panels on Mondrian's walls and turned them into a traveling exhibition called Wall Works.

Today, Piet Mondrian's legacy lives on in the fashions of Yves Saint Laurent, and the L'Oreal make-up line.

More ...

Pieter Cornelis "Piet" Mondriaan, after 1906 Mondrian (/ˈmɔːndriˌɑːn, ˈmɒn-/; Dutch: [ˈpit ˈmɔndrijaːn], later [ˈmɔndrijɑn]; 7 March 1872 - 1 February 1944), was a Dutch painter and theoretician who is regarded as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. He is known for being one of the pioneers of 20th century abstract art, as he changed his artistic direction from figurative painting to an increasingly abstract style, until he reached a point where his artistic vocabulary was reduced to simple geometric elements.

Mondrian's art was highly utopian and was concerned with a search for universal values and aesthetics. He proclaimed in 1914: Art is higher than reality and has no direct relation to reality. To approach the spiritual in art, one will make as little use as possible of reality, because reality is opposed to the spiritual. We find ourselves in the presence of an abstract art. Art should be above reality, otherwise it would have no value for man. His art, however, always remained rooted in nature.

He was a contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group, which he co-founded with Theo van Doesburg. He evolved a non-representational form which he termed Neoplasticism. This was the new 'pure plastic art' which he believed was necessary in order to create 'universal beauty'. To express this, Mondrian eventually decided to limit his formal vocabulary to the three primary colors (red, blue and yellow), the three primary values (black, white and gray) and the two primary directions (horizontal and vertical). Mondrian's arrival in Paris from the Netherlands in 1911 marked the beginning of a period of profound change. He encountered experiments in Cubism and with the intent of integrating himself within the Parisian avant-garde removed an 'a' from the Dutch spelling of his name (Mondriaan).

Mondrian's work had an enormous influence on 20th century art, influencing not only the course of abstract painting and numerous major styles and art movements (e.g. Color Field painting, Abstract Expressionism and Minimalism), but also fields outside the domain of painting, such as design, architecture and fashion. Design historian Stephen Bayley said: 'Mondrian has come to mean Modernism. His name and his work sum up the High Modernist ideal. I don't like the word 'iconic', so let's say that he's become totemic - a totem for everything Modernism set out to be.

Mondrian was born in Amersfoort in the Netherlands, the second of his parents' children. He was descended from Christian Dirkzoon Monderyan who lived in The Hague as early as 1670. The family moved to Winterswijk when his father, Pieter Cornelius Mondriaan, was appointed head teacher at a local primary school. Mondrian was introduced to art from an early age. His father was a qualified drawing teacher, and, with his uncle, Fritz Mondriaan (a pupil of Willem Maris of the Hague School of artists), the younger Piet often painted and drew along the river Gein.

After a strict Protestant upbringing, in 1892, Mondrian entered the Academy for Fine Art in Amsterdam. He was already qualified as a teacher. He began his career as a teacher in primary education, but he also practiced painting. Most of his work from this period is naturalistic or Impressionistic, consisting largely of landscapes. These pastoral images of his native country depict windmills, fields, and rivers, initially in the Dutch Impressionist manner of the Hague School and then in a variety of styles and techniques that attest to his search for a personal style. These paintings are representational, and they illustrate the influence that various artistic movements had on Mondrian, including pointillism and the vivid colors of Fauvism.

This is a part of the Wikipedia article used under the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). The full text of the article is here →

More ...

View all 100 artworks

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan Self-Portrait - Piet Mondrian Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan Born: March 7, 1872; Amersfoort, Netherlands Died: February 1, 1944; New York , United States Active Years: 1892 - 1944 Nationality: Dutch Art Movement: De Stijl (Neoplasticism),Neo-Impressionism Painting School: Degenerate art (exhibition, held by the Nazis in Munich in 1937,

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Minimalismo | Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Definição O minimalismo se refere a uma tendência das artes visuais que ocorre no fim dos anos 1950 e início dos 1960 em Nova York, alçada a principal centro artístico com o expressionismo abstrato de Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) e Willem de Kooning (1904-1997).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Case for Minimalism | The Art Assignment | PBS Digital Studios