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What can patients do to change the levels of LDL and HDL in their blood?

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What can patients do to change the levels of LDL and HDL in their blood?

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To change the levels of LDL and HDL in their blood a patient should change their diet by lowering their intake of saturated fat.
They should support their diet by increasing their physical activity and consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables to ensure positive results.

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LDL cholesterol level should be less than 100 mg/dL. The LDL cholesterol can clog arteries and is considered to be too high if it is 190 ml/dL.

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HDL cholesterol level should be greater than 40 to 60 mg/dL to be considered healthy. The HDL cholesterol should be high.

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Why do doctors monitor the concentrations of LDL and HDL in patients' blood?

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Why do doctors monitor the concentrations of LDL and HDL in patients' blood?

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In order to evaluate the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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How do LDL and HDL differ structurally and functionally?

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How do LDL and HDL differ structurally and functionally?

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Functionally:
LDL takes cholesterol to the cells and HDL removes excess cholesterol from the blood stream and returns it to the liver.
Structurally:
Both have a core which contains cholesterol esters and a surface monolayer of phospholipid, unesterifed cholesterol and specific proteins.
LDL: has a high density because of it's high protein:lipid ratio (50:25)
HDL: is high in cholesterol esters and is made up of 20% cholesterol and 50% protein.

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What do the results of a cholesterol test mean? How do patients interpret each value?

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What do the results of a cholesterol test mean? How do patients interpret each value?

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The results of a cholesterol test determine if the patients cholesterol levels are healthy (or not). For blood pressure, less than 120/80 mm Hg is healthy and their if their BMI is less than 25 kg/m^2, they have good results. These numbers are important because they will help to determine if the patient has a risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

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How does intake of unsaturated, saturated, and trans fats affect cholesterol levels and overall health?

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How does intake of unsaturated, saturated, and trans fats affect cholesterol levels and overall health?

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Unsaturated fats

Help to lower the risk of heart disease and stroke

Can help improve blood cholesterol.

Saturated fats

Raises the level of cholesterol in the blood

High levels can increase the risk for heart disease and stroke

Trans fats

Raise the levels of LDL cholesterol levels and lower HDL cholesterol levels

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What other molecules in a patient's blood are monitored along with LDL and HDL?

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What other molecules in a patient's blood are monitored along with LDL and HDL?

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Triglycerides, blood sugar level, and total amount of cholesterol.

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How are the concentrations of LDL and HDL associated with the risk for heart disease and associated disorders?

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How are the concentrations of LDL and HDL associated with the risk for heart disease and associated disorders?

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High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke. They also make up most of the body's cholesterol and are nick-named, "bad" cholesterol.
High levels of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke. They are nick-named, "good" cholesterol because they absorb cholesterol and carry it back to the liver which will help cleanse the body of the excess.

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LDL

Low-density lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to and from the cells

High levels of LDL may lead to a buildup in the arteries and result  in heart disease.

HDL

High-density lipoprotein that removes excess cholesterol from the blood stream

Can reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.