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1. Geology.com.(2018). World Map: A clickable map of world countries [online] Available at : https://geology.com/world/world-map.shtml [Accessed 22 Apr.2018]
2. Poulter, J. (2018). Top Aboriginal Sacred Sites and Places To Visit. [online] Culture Trip. Available at: https://theculturetrip.com/pacific/australia/articles/9-places-of-cultural-significance-for-aboriginal-people/ [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

Kimmorley, S. (2018).
3. Here are Australia's top 10 two-way trading partners. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/here-are-australias-top-10-two-way-trading-partners-2014-8#china [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018].
4.   Splash. (2018). Resources for Primary and Secondary Students - ABC Education. [online] Available at: http://education.abc.net.au/home#!/media/526677/australians-as-global-citizens [Accessed 1 May 2018].

5. Jens Korff, C. (2018). Aboriginal population in Australia. [online] Creative Spirits. Available at: https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/people/aboriginal-population-in-australia [Accessed 2 May 2018].

6. YouTube. (2018). The Aboriginal Stone Huts of Lake Condah. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOA8VIYAVGU#action=share [Accessed 25 Apr. 2018].

7. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. (2018). AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia. [online] Available at: https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/aiatsis-map-indigenous-australia [Accessed 1 May 2018].
8. Artlandish Aboriginal Art Gallery. (2018). Finest Aboriginal Art Online by Leading Indigenous Artists. [online] Available at: https://www.aboriginal-art-australia.com [Accessed 1 May 2018].

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Encourage the students to understand that Aboriginal artworks are a part of Aboriginal culture and history

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Instructions : The teacher and students sat in a circle on the ground floor and the teacher give questions, encourage students to take turns to talk and
share with the groups about travelling and spaces.

1.Have you ever been abroad?

2. Where have you been?

3. Are you planning on going anywhere for your next vacation?

If so , who with?

4. What was your best trip? What was your worst trip?

5. Have you ever been on a airplane?

If so, How many times?

6. How many countries have you been to? How many states?

7. What countries would you most like to visit?

8. What country do you most want to visit?

9. What’s the most beautiful play you have ever been to?

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1. How am I connected to other places?
2. Where am I come from
3. Have you visited the place with family?
4. What are the reasons for theses connections?
5. Why are these places important to you?

Responses:

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Our everyday lives are affected by global connections

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Our everyday lives are affected by global connections

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Students have researched an example of Australia’s global connections by investigating Australia’s trade and the effect of global food connections, with a focus on food imports and exports. Students have examined the extent to which their everyday lives are influenced by global connections

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How is Australia connected globally?

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Education resources for schools teachers and students - ABC Education

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ABC Education has 4000+ educational games, videos and teaching resources for schools and students. Free Primary and Secondary resources covering history, science, English, maths and more

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What is a sacred site? There are many sites that uphold strong sacred meaning for each Aboriginal tribe. Aboriginal people focus on their connection to land more than anything. According to the Aboriginal Land Rights Northern Territory Act 1976, a sacred place is linked to Aboriginal tradition and mythology, also known as 'dreamtime' or 'dreaming'. An Aboriginal person or tribe consider a sacred place to have ceremonial importance, or as a place of birthing, feasts and political settlement.

Traditionally, to enter a sacred site, the person must be initiated in a range of ceremonies relating to the particular mythological event that is held there. The ceremonies create a portal for the ancestral being to send out life energies to the specific sacred site. It is all about harmony; these reciprocal cycles connect land and the person so they can cooperate. There are also sacred sites for men only and sacred sites for purely for women.

Located on the north bank of Melbourne's Yarra River is the sacred Aboriginal site of Birrarung Marr. Mandy Nicholson is a Wurundjeri woman who contributed her artistry to the images on Birrarung Marr. This is a traditional site because of its ceremonial importance. "Many Victorian Aboriginal language groups came together when the eels were migrating and also to perform Tanderrum, a large gathering of celebration," says Ms Nicholson. This site has a large-scale art installation to honour the traditional gatherings; the images on the boulders as well as the shields represent the five tribes as part of the Kulin Nation uniting and of the Wurundjeri Creation Spirits.
Birrarung Marr, Melbourne, VIC

Gariwerd Grampians National Park

Another important cultural site is the Gairwerd Grampians National Park, where visitors can experience Aboriginal life in the most interactive way. There are cultural activities including painting, boomerang throwing lessons, native food tastings, didgeridoo workshops and listening to the Aboriginal people telling their 'dreaming' stories.
Grampians National Park, VIC, Australia

South Australian Museum

The South Australian Museum is home to more than 3,000 Aboriginal items and art collections, the largest amount of artefacts of any Australian museum. The museum exhibits paintings, boomerangs, shields, weapons and even an intact bark canoe, the only one known to still exist. Learn and soak up all the knowledge of Aboriginal culture and how they conveyed their connection to land after suffering the aftermath of the European colonisation.
South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide SA +61 (08) 8207 7500

Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery

This museum located in the heart of Hobart is the best reflection of the original inhabitants of Tasmania, the Mouheneenner people. There is an exhibition here called the Ningina Tunapri, which means 'to give knowledge and understanding'. The exhibition takes visitors on a journey through the story of how the Mouheneenner people lived. There are plenty of other exhibitions that express the cultural diversity within Tasmania's Aboriginal community, expanding over thousands of years.
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Dunn Place, Hobart, Tasmania +61 (03) 6165 7000

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Top Aboriginal Sacred Sites and Places To Visit

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What is a sacred site? There are many sites that uphold strong sacred meaning for each Aboriginal tribe. Aboriginal people focus on their connection to land more than anything. According to the Aboriginal Land Rights Northern Territory Act 1976, a sacred place is linked to Aboriginal tradition and mythology, also known as 'dreamtime' or 'dreaming'.

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Welcome to Artlandish Aboriginal Art Gallery

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Finest Aboriginal Art Online by Leading Indigenous Artists

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Click Here to Visit Artlandish Gallery & View Stunning Aboriginal Art, Watch Artists Paint Online & Discover the Stories of 1000 Artworks to Browse or Buy

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There are many sacred places linked to Aboriginal tradition and mythology, known as dream time. In these sacred places, Aboriginal people have ceremonies, them as a place of birthing, feasts and political settlement.
1. Uluru is the most popular place scared to Aboriginal people which locate in Alice Springs.  It is the heart of Aboriginal Australia
2. Kakadu National Park is the largest national park in Australia, locate near Darwin in Australia’s Northern Territory. This site is the landscape of the Aboriginal people. When Tourists visit this site, they learn about ancient rock art and enjoy the wonderful wildlife flora, billabongs and wetlands.

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You are here

Sacred sites are places within the landscape that have a special meaning or significance under Aboriginal tradition. Hills, rocks, waterholes, trees, plains, lakes, billabongs and other natural features can be sacred sites. In coastal and sea areas, sacred sites may include features which lie both above and below the water.

Sacred sites derive their status from their association with particular aspects of Aboriginal social and cultural tradition. This body of tradition is mainly concerned with the activities of ancestral beings, collectively known as 'Dreamings' whose travels across the land and sea created the physical and social world that people now inhabit.

Aboriginal sacred sites are recognised and protected as an integral part of the Northern Territory's and Australia's cultural heritage, under the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Land Rights Act) and the Northern Territory Aboriginal Sacred Sites Act (Sacred Sites Act) 1989.

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Sacred sites are places within the landscape that have a special meaning or significance under Aboriginal tradition. Hills, rocks, waterholes, trees, plains, lakes, billabongs and other natural features can be sacred sites. In coastal and sea areas, sacred sites may include features which lie both above and below the water.

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The Aboriginal people have a special relationship with Australia and Create the Aboriginal hand painting 

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The Aboriginal people have a special relationship with Australia and Create the Aboriginal hand painting 

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Teachers will provide art craft materials related to aboriginal cultures and histories.

Teachers give an explanation regarding the symbolic meaning of the colours used in the paintings. The teachers explain that black represents the aboriginal people of Australia who were the first people to live in Australia. Red represents the red earth and yellow represents the Sun Through the activity, students have a learning experience about the symbolic meaning of the colours while enjoying a fun and interesting experience. It is a good opportunity to increase the children's understanding about the Aboriginal art

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'What was before Lord Vestey born and I born? It was blackfella country.' Vincent Lingiari (Wattie Creek 1966)

Australia's First Peoples have been living on the Australian continent for millenia.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia is made up of many different and distinct groups, each with their own culture, customs, language and laws. They are the world's oldest surviving culture; cultures that continue to be expressed in dynamic and contemporary ways.

The AIATSIS map serves as a visual reminder of the richness and diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia. It was created in 1996 as part of the Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia project and attempts to show language, social or nation groups based on published sources available up to 1994.

The map shows only the general locations of larger groups of people which may include smaller groups. There are also variations in the way that some language or group names are spelt. You can view some of these alternate spellings on the list of alternate spellings for names on the AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia below.

Note that the borders between groups are purposefully represented as slightly blurred and are not meant to be exact. Some of the information shown on the map is contested and may not be agreed to by some traditional custodians - the map isn't suitable for native title or other land claims.

The map isn't the only source of information; if you would like more information about Australian Indigenous languages please see our Austlang database. The National Native Title Tribunal also produces maps that show native title claims determinations.

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The AIATSIS map serves as a visual reminder of the richness and diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia.

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More than 66% of Aboriginal people live in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria while Western Australia and the Northern Territory contribute only 24% of the Aboriginal population.

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Aboriginal population figures

Experts estimate the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders at more than 770,000 at the time of the invasion in 1788. It fell to its low of around 117,000 people in 1900, a decrease by 84%.

At present, 3.2% of Australia's population identify as Aboriginal.

It took until 2016 for population figures to recover. If the current annual growth rate of 2.2% remains stable, the Aboriginal population can reach more than 900,000 by 2026.

The faster growth in the Aboriginal population (compared to 1.6% for the general Australian population) is the result of several factors and "cannot be explained by demographic factors alone," as the Australian Bureau of Statistics explains. Contributing factors are higher levels of fertility, better life expectancy and more Aboriginal women moving into peak child-bearing age between now and 2026.

The median age for Aboriginal people, currently 23, is projected to reach 25 by 2026. But this remains much younger than the median age in the general population, which is currently 38 and is expected to rise above 40 by 2026.

A problem is though how many people identify themselves as Aboriginal. "There are a large number of people who don't answer the Indigenous question in the Census," explains Patrick Corr, Director of Demography with the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).

It is not unusual for people to identify, de-identify, or re-identify as Aboriginal on official documents such as the Census, making the job hard for statisticians. This phenomenon is also common in Canada, where it explains partially why its Aboriginal population grows up to four times faster than its non-Aboriginal population.

"We have approximately 1.1 million people whose Indigenous status we don't know, so we have made some assumptions," concedes Corr. This uncertainty lets the ABS tag some figures as 'experimental estimates'.

Where Aboriginal people live

Contrary to what many people think (and to the stereotype of Australian advertising) the majority of Aboriginal people live in Australia's eastern states and not in the remote desert regions of the continent .

Most Aboriginal people livein New South Wales and Queensland.

More than 68% of Aboriginal people live in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria while Western Australia and the Northern Territory contribute only 22% of the Aboriginal population. Queensland is expected to overtake NSW for the title of most Aboriginal residents.

The population is the lowest in South Australia (5.3%) and Tasmania (3.6%). The Australian Capital Territory is home to only 0.9% of Australia's Aboriginal people. The Northern Territory has the largest proportion of its population who are Aboriginal (32%), compared with 4.6% or less for all other states and the Australian Capital Territory.

Myth: Most Aboriginal people live in the outback

In 2016 the majority (81%) of Aboriginal people lived in cities and non-remote areas, up from 75% in 2006. 37% lived in major cities, 24% in inner regional areas and 20% in outer regional areas. Contrary to what is commonly believed, only a quarter lived in remote (7%) and very remote (12%) areas.

[Non-Aboriginal people] picture red dust, bare feet, dark skin, out on a reserve. But it's just not the reality. Most Aboriginals are like us, urbanised blackfellas. And they've got challenges with drugs and alcohol, depression, suicide, poverty.
- Des Headland, AFL premiership player and Noongar man

Most Aboriginal people live in cities.

However, these general statistics hide the fact that percentages differ vastly for states and territories, as the following table shows.
* Includes inner and outer regional areas. ** Includes remote and very remote areas. *** Darwin and Hobart are classified as regional areas.
90% of Aboriginal people live in areas covering 25% of Australia, while 90% of non-Aboriginal people live in the most densely populated 2.6% of the continent. (Compare this to who owns how much of the land!)

Aboriginal population numbers are expected to expand more rapidly in urban areas (2.6% a year) than in remote areas (1% a year).

More than a third of Aboriginal Australians (36.6%) live among the most disadvantaged 10% of the population and only 1.7% live among the top 10%.

Of any single region in Australia, western Sydney has the highest concentration of Aboriginal people. According to the census, around 2 million people were living in greater western Sydney in 2006. A little more than 25,000 of them identified as Aboriginal descent.

Age

The Aboriginal population is relatively young. In the 2021 census, the median age was 24 years, compared with 38 years for non-Aboriginal people. 65% of the Aboriginal community is less than 30 years old, compared with 39% of non-Aboriginal people. The Aboriginal birth rate is 25% higher than that of all of Australia.

Young Aboriginal people (aged 14-24) make up 5% of the total Australian youth population. A third each belongs to the age bracket of 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24.

Just 4.8% of the Aboriginal population are over 65 years old, while 14.1% of non-Aboriginal Australians are in that age bracket. For 2021 the median age is expected to increase to 24 years, and the elderly population to double.

Aboriginal households

In 2016 the average size of Aboriginal households was 3.2 persons, while it was 2.6 in non-Aboriginal households for 2011.

Three-quarters (75.1%) of Aboriginal households were one family households. Just over a quarter (26.6%) of Aboriginal households were couple family with dependent children and a similar proportion (27.1%) was families without dependent children.

One parent families with dependent children comprised 21% of all Aboriginal households, while 14% were lone person households.

Origin

91.4% of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population identifies as Aboriginal people (coming from mainland Australia), 4.2% as Torres Strait Islanders (including far North Queensland) and 4.4% of both origins.

The percentages are the same among young Aboriginal people.

Ancestry

The 2016 Census of the Australian Bureau of Statistics allowed respondents to report up to two ancestries.

With that in mind, Aboriginal people in Australia reported their ancestry most commonly as Australian (45%), English (17.2%), Australian Aboriginal (15.8%), Irish (5.2%) and Scottish (3.5%).

Human Development Index

The United Nations use a way of measuring and comparing the development of countries by combining indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment and income into a composite human development index, the HDI. The lower the number the better off the country is.

The UN publishes the HDI annually since 1990. While the result looks very good for Australia, it's a very different story when considering Aboriginal people separately.

According to the UN, indigenous peoples in several countries "lag significantly behind the general populations", a discrepancy that is "particularly pronounced in Australia".

Analysing odd population figures

Joe Lane took a close look at Australian Census Aboriginal population numbers. He thought they were odd.

The National Census counts Aboriginal people since 1971. But there's an oddity: While you would expect population numbers for each age group to fall over time due to mortality, numbers have risen from one Census to the next as Aboriginal people aged.

For example, the 1971 Census recorded 18,873 Aboriginal people in total. By 2006 mortality would have reduced that number to about 15,000. But the 2006 Census recorded 30,783 Aboriginal people born between 1966 and 1971 - more than double the number expected.

The same applies to all age-groups between 1971 and 2011. But why?

Most likely Aboriginal people re-identify with their culture, i.e. if they previously did not identify as Aboriginal they do so in later surveys.

Assuming the 2011 Census figures are reliable one can then work backwards to establish more reliable population figures for earlier years. Doing so yields figures more than twice the original Census estimates. Instead of the Aboriginal population growing from 106,290 in 1971 to 548,370 in 2011 (more than 5 times), the total Aboriginal population in 1971, identified as Aboriginal or not, was more like 300,000 to 320,000, or about 3 times the original figure. That means the population grew not 5 times, but between 1.7 and 1.8 times.

If this analysis is roughly right, the annual population growth is much less than the official 4% and more like 1.6 - 1.8%. This means the proportion of Australians who are Aboriginal has probably not risen in those 40 years: it has always been around 2.4%, and the Aboriginal birth-rate has not been 3% per year but more like 1.6 - 1.4%.

Homework: Is this correct, Sherlock?

A report contains the following two paragraphs:

"Currently, the Code's clause 8 requirements apply specifically to customers in remote Indigenous communities, reflecting the fact that compared to non-Indigenous people, Indigenous Australians are more likely to live in remote and very remote areas. On most indicators, outcomes for Indigenous Australians
worsen as remoteness increases, and there are additional barriers to financial inclusion and literacy in remote Indigenous communities.

"Even so, Indigenous disadvantage is not confined to remote communities, and only a minority of Indigenous Australians - around one in five - lives in remote areas. For this reason, in the recent Code review, consumer groups argued that clause 8
obligations should be extended to apply to banks' dealings with all Indigenous customers, not only those in remote areas."

Questions

The first paragraph states that Aboriginal people "are more likely to live in remote and very remote areas" while the second paragraph says that "only a minority of Indigenous Australians ... lives in remote areas". Are both paragraphs correct?

Rewrite the paragraphs to remove any confusion, and possible stereotyping, they might cause to readers.

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Almost two thirds of Aboriginal people live in Australia's eastern states. Most of them are young and identify as coming from mainland Australia.

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Video: Aboriginal stone huts of Lake Condah

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Video: Aboriginal stone huts of Lake Condah

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There is an example of Aboriginal residency in South-west Victoria

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The Aboriginal Stone Huts of Lake Condah

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My connection to places in Australia and around the world.
1. label a map to show places Clara is connected to in Australia and the world.
2. Explain how I am connected to theses places
3. Make a discussion about some of places that students have been visited during holiday, have come from different counties and make this information on a map.

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Session 3: Connections to other counties

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Session 3: Connections to other counties

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How Australia is globally connected through trade? Australia is connected globally in many ways. Especially, international trade is important part of Australia’s economy. Australia’s main global trading partners are New Zealand, US, South Korea, China, United Kingdom, Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Students will have a look at some of images related to what Australia imports from other countries and discuss where that particular item was made from. This extended activity helps students in understanding how many countries are connected to Australia through trading and their importance.  Students will be able to gain more insight into the connections between Australia and other countries by studying where various day-to-day items are made from.

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1. Where is Australian Capital Territory?
2. Where is New South Wales?
3. Where is South Australia?
4. Where is Western Australia?
5. Where is Tasmania?

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Label and colour the geographical features to the continent of Australia.

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A political map of Australia and a large satellite image from Landsat.

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1. Which of these continents is closet to Africa?
a)  Antractica
b) North America
c) Europe
d) Australia

2. Which continet is not touching any other continets?
a) Asia
b) Antarcitica
c) Africa
d) North America

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Continents:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Oceans
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

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Session 2: Which places do I have connection with ?

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Session 2: Which places do I have connection with ?

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Students identify a Globe and explain about continents, countries, cities and landmarks
Activity 1 : Students do colouring and labelling of various locations in the world.

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Make a class discussion about the map and places.
Essential Questions : 1. Where do you live? 2. What street is your house on? 3. Which part of Australia does your state belong to?

Students explore name their own place of living including suburb, street. In addition, Students will figure out who lives closer to them and who lives further from them.

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Canberra Map: Google map of Canberra, Australia | Greenwich Mean Time

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Canberra Map: Google map of Canberra, Australia