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ORIGEN del entrenamiento basado en velocidad: Entrenadores como los rusos Bondarchuk y Prilepin crean sus propias metodologías basadas en este concepto

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ORIGEN del entrenamiento basado en velocidad: Entrenadores como los rusos Bondarchuk y Prilepin crean sus propias metodologías basadas en este concepto

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Época del Bloque Sovietico (URSS)

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A former high-level rugby player, Cedric completed his Bachelors Degree in Sports Science at the University of Edinburgh, and his Masters in Strength & Conditioning with Edith Cowan University. He began his Strength & Conditioning career with the Scottish Rugby Union, first in the National Age Grade Program, then with Scottish Rugby's senior men's national team. The desire to continuously progress his knowledge led him to work as an assistant S&C coach for world-renowned speed development coach Derek Hansen at Simon Fraser University (Vancouver, Canada), after which he was hired as the lead S&C coach for Munster Rugby's Academy (Limerick/Cork, Ireland). Following his work with Munster, Cedric was then engaged as an S&C coach for the Buffalo Sabres (NHL) and Rochester Americans (AHL). Cedric is currently working as an S&C coach with Olympic Windsurfers and watermen/women (Cabarete, Dominican Republic), and Sports Science Manager with PUSH (Toronto, Canada)

In his recent book Running to the Edge , New York Times Deputy Sports Editor, Matthew Futterman recounts a tail from coach Bob Larsen. Larsen could assess, marathon champion, Meb Keflezighi's technique by listening how long his feet were in contact with the trail. Velocity based training at its finest. That is an example of a masterful coaching style in action. Yet, not every coach has accumulated the decades of experience that developed Larsen's sophisticated coach's eye (and, in this case, ear). Even those who can spot and correct form errors can struggle to identify reductions in speed and power output that accompany the onset of fatigue.

This is where velocity based training (VBT) comes into play. If you've been around weight rooms for a while, you might recall seeing wired VBT systems attached to barbells. Perhaps you even used them back in the day. Now, there's a new generation of portable, wireless technology that offers greater accuracy and versatility. It can be attached to both training tools and athletes, and generates actionable data in real time. To get the lowdown on this kind of coaching style, we talked to Cedric Unholz. Currently, he coaches Olympic wind- and kite-surfers in the Dominican Republic, and serves as sports science manager for , the leader in mobile velocity based training technology.

Coaches and athletes have always understood the importance of training explosively to efficiently develop athleticism. The beginnings of velocity based training originated during the Soviet/Eastern Bloc era. This was where most of the original research and implementation of this coaching style was pioneered. This is where coaches like Bondarchuk and Prilepin created their methodologies.

The modern forms of this coaching style come from improved technology and enhanced measurement abilities, which allowed the concept to spread across Europe and over the years made its way overseas. Legendary practitioners such as Louis Simmons (Westside Barbell) and Dan Baker (with the Brisbane Broncos at the time) integrated VBT into their methodologies. Recently the likes of Bryan Mann and a host of Spanish researchers such as Carlos Balsalobre and Juan Jose Gonzalez-Badillo have been making exceptional contributions to this field.

Velocity based training became an integral tool to help coaches guide training prescriptions across a wide range of sports and disciplines. This coaching style is therefore nothing new, but what has changed and made it more accessible and refined over the past 15 years is the technology.

The initial Ballistic Measurement System (BMS) that came out of Australia was the early iteration of a Linear Position Transducer (LPT) system, which uses a ripcord to measure velocity.

As more research was done, it became clear that combining this with a force plate increased the validity of the measurements. This inspired a number of LPT systems (e.g. Tendo Unit, GymAware), and we then started to see portable systems such as the first-generation PUSH Band that doesn't require the use of LPTs but instead uses an accelerometer and gyroscope to create a compact yet highly robust system that can accurately measure velocity, power, and force outputs.

From that point on, velocity based training wasn't just confined to the classic barbell movements, but could also be used on the body and across a wide range of different implements.

The development has essentially progressed in terms of one, two, and three-dimensional technologies (1D, 2D, 3D). The early systems like the Tendo Unit (1D) were useful for barbell lifts, but were only accurate in the vertical plane.

The next iteration of LPT systems like GymAware (2D) provided some adjustment for horizontal deviation and, therefore, increases in measurement accuracy.

Now, with the addition of accelerometers and gyroscopes, the latest offerings such as PUSH take things one step further and can measure movement in 3D. They're also wireless, take advantage of advances like Bluetooth, and can be used with athletes training with barbells, kettlebells, medicine balls, or simply their own body.

First, it is important to recognize that velocity based training is a tool. It's not meant to replace your coaching style completely, but to augment it. Neither is it a system on its own. You have to integrate this tool into your philosophy and methodologies, and determine how it can support what you want to get out of the training you prescribe.

Keeping this in mind, I'd suggest initially using VBT to provide precise identification of the appropriate loads that correspond to the training quality you are looking to elicit (e.g. strength or power) with a given athlete, and drive maximal intent during each repetition.

There is a wealth of literature available from the aforementioned influencers that outline excellent velocity range guidelines which are a good starting point. Apply these guidelines to just a few athletes and a handful of main exercises to get comfortable and see how it informs your day-to-day coaching and your programming.

From there you can then start to roll out VBT on a broader scale, and begin to dive into more advanced applications such as setting velocity loss cut-offs. The key is to understand how velocity based training fits into the bigger picture, and learn how individuals respond to prescriptions that are specific to your training environment, and your goals.

The biggest benefit is that both coaches and athletes are getting accurate, real-time feedback on what is occurring with each repetition. This is immensely valuable to ensure high quality intent of lifting, athlete accountability, and recognizing when outputs begin to drop outside of a desired zone. Then precise modifications can be made, regardless if this means adjusting loads or moving on from that particular exercise altogether. Lifting quality (both in terms of output and technique) and working in the appropriate zones relative to your goals are the most important factors to drive improvement.

Being able to target a specific velocity range allows you to be far more precise and intentional in your training. This can then also be paired with subjective measurements (e.g. Rating of Perceived Exertion) to provide a sophisticated yet simple overview of an athlete's outputs and therefore likely responses to training.

The simplicity of the velocity based training system being used is also crucial for long-term implementation success. Coaches and athletes need to be able to focus on the training session, not on having to make constant adjustments to a complicated tool or interface.

With the PUSH Band, it is easy to quickly set desired parameters, perform the work, and have outputs automatically and accurately recorded. It's a helper, not a hindrance. This feedback also helps ensure that every performed repetition is done with a purpose, and that the accumulation of 'junk volume' or volume that is of no relevance to your training goal is avoided altogether, which keeps training efficient, and athletes progressing.

Hard work is of course immensely important.

Targeted hard work that allows the management of counterproductive volume accumulation is even better. With VBT, you know when you're in the sweet spot of moving the right load at the right speed, and when you're not.

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A former high-level rugby player, Cedric completed his Bachelors Degree in Sports Science at the University of Edinburgh, and his Masters in Strength & Conditioning with Edith Cowan University. He began his Strength & Conditioning career with the Scottish Rugby Union, first in the National Age Grade Program, then with Scottish Rugby's senior men's national team.

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Una empresa australiana lanza el Ballistic Measurement System, diseñazo para monitorizar el entrenamiento, por medidas de velocidad

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Una empresa australiana lanza el Ballistic Measurement System, diseñazo para monitorizar el entrenamiento, por medidas de velocidad

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1998

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First released in 1998 and continually refined and updated, the Ballistic Measurement System (BMS) is a sophisticated software and hardware solution for monitoring training, assessing rehabilitation, providing feedback during rehabilitation and training, and state-of-the-art assessment of human performance. The system comprises a force platform and/or cable-extension potentiometer (distance transducer), USB data collection interface, and custom software to accurately measure the vertical movement of the athlete, barbells, or weight machines. Velocity, acceleration, force, impulse and power can then be measured or derived. The program can also analyze the data collected to display force, impulse, power, velocity, jump height, rate of force development for a total of over 60 different parameters currently available. Based on the latest research and requests from practitioners we are constantly adding new measurement parameters.
The full list of measurement parameters with definitions is available here...

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Our Ballistic Measurement System is tried and tested in the field, laboratory, weight room and clinic for over 22 years. ANNOUNCEMENT - Ballistic Measurement System 2020 RELEASE First released in 1998 and continually refined and updated, the Ballistic Measurement System (BMS) is a sophisticated software

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GONZÁLEZ BADILLO Y RIVAS SERNA publican en España el manual esencial para este tipo de entrenamiento: 'FUERZA,VELOCIDAD Y RENDIMIENTO FÍSICO Y DEPORTIVO'

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GONZÁLEZ BADILLO Y RIVAS SERNA publican en España el manual esencial para este tipo de entrenamiento: 'FUERZA,VELOCIDAD Y RENDIMIENTO FÍSICO Y DEPORTIVO'

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2006

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Un estudio llevado a cabo por Randell y colegas demuestra la importancia del feedback basado en la velocidad en la mejora del rendimiento de los deportistas

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Un estudio llevado a cabo por Randell y colegas demuestra la importancia del feedback basado en la velocidad en la mejora del rendimiento de los deportistas

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2011

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BRYAN MANN publica Developing Explosive Athletes: Use of Velocity Based Training in Athletes

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BRYAN MANN publica Developing Explosive Athletes: Use of Velocity Based Training in Athletes

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2012

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In the word of division one strength & conditioning, Velocity Based Training (VBT) has gained in popularity and Dr. Bryan Mann has been the authority on how it can be utilized with the proper equipment in a team training environment. Coach Mann has done the research and collected the anecdotal evidence to practically apply this training methodology in a collegiate setting. VBT systems like the Tendo Unit, GymAware, and EliteForm have all been incorporated into multiple training modalities and philosophies to optimize training for a variety of athletes and settings.

There are several advantages to using a VBT system in my opinion:

1. A VBT system can serve as an assistant coach. The objective and instant feedback for athletes is an invaluable resource for coaches and help keep athletes accountable.

2. A VBT system can facilitate competition among teammates in the weight room. Even athletes using different training loads have an objective variable to compare performance.

3. A VBT system not only reinforces prescribed training loads but can also dictate them. Using bar speed as the determining factor to adjust intensity is specific to the athlete's ability and the desired training modality.

If you are one of the many coaches using a Velocity Based Training, Developing Explosive Athletes: The Use of Velocity Based Training in Training Athletes is a must have. Bryan Mann explains how you can structure and utilize a VBT protocol to maximize results in the weight room.

 Excerpt from Developing Explosive Athletes: The Use of Velocity Based Training

What VBT Does

The measurement of speed is purely objective. It doesn't see the athletes, and it doesn't know who they are. It's completely objective. Many times during an explosive exercise I've told athletes that they were moving too slowly and that they needed to perform the movement faster. They've looked at me like I'm crazy and responded with, "Coach, you must be on crack because that was blazing fast." The velocity reading gives them objective feedback. If they're supposed to be moving at 1.0 meters/second (m/s) and they're only at 0.75 m/s, they obviously aren't moving fast enough because the reading shows them the actual speed. So athletes who previously gave you looks like you were crazy and told you that you were wrong will now say, "Coach, I'm not moving fast enough. I have to pick it up."

The use of velocity also elicits the competitive nature of the athlete. Quite often, two athletes will be using the same weight for an exercise. One athlete will move the weight faster than the other, and they will both start talking back and forth and getting competitive. Soon it will become the greatest explosive strength workout that they've ever had because they don't want to be beaten. Athletes are often cocky and flamboyant. VBT is a good way to nurture this competitive spirit and help them become better athletes. In turn, it will also improve their workouts.

A 2011 study by Randall et al looked at the effect of feedback of peak velocity had on performance of sports specific tasks. They took Rugby players and divided them into two groups. One group had no feedback, the other group did have feedback. They performed the exact same workout with the exact same loads. The group that was provided the feedback saw greater increases in sprinting ability and jumping ability than the non-feedback group. Athletes want to know how they are doing, if they are meeting their goals, are they doing things properly. Using velocity gives the coach one more tool to let them know how they are doing. With the feedback the athletes are able to obtain a higher quality of work, which impacted them with greater gains in speed and explosive power.

One key issue that needs to be addressed is accuracy. I've been asked over and over, "How do I know the velocity is accurate?" Many people think that high speed cameras are needed to determine the velocity of the bar, but this isn't so. A study done by Jennings and colleagues found that the FitroDyne was in fact a reliable and valid way to measure power generated during a weightlifting movement ( Jennings, Viljoen, Durandt, & Lambert, 2005). There have been other studies using other Linear Position Transducers as a means of calculating velocity in studies for many years. In fact, the Linear Position Transducer is still considered the gold standard for velocity measurements in research for weightlifting type exercises.

Let's take an imaginary and extreme example, yet one that isn't at all uncommon, that many coaches have encountered. Johnny is a football player who is on the borderline of academic eligibility and must get at least a B on his history midterm to maintain eligibility. He has been studying from 10:00 am until 10:30 pm when his girlfriend calls him. They have been dating for six months, and the conversation goes something like this: "Johnny, I don't love you anymore. I've never loved you. I don't want to see you again so don't call me! Bye!"

After a few choice words, Johnny is completely devastated. He calls up his friends, and they do what any good college friend would do in a situation like this-they take him out and get him drunk. So Johnny is drinking Jack Daniels until 2:30 am and then goes back to bed. The alarm clock starts ringing, and Johnny makes it in to his 6:00 am lifting group where he is scheduled to hit 92 percent for three sets of two reps. With all of the stressors currently acting upon Johnny's body, this 92 percent is no longer 92 percent. It's more like 107 percent, and trying to complete the workout may get Johnny hurt.

This is an extreme example, but it is one that illustrates the point quite well. Everything acts on the body, and a good coach will try and account for that as best he can. VBT is fantastic for picking up on these factors as well because velocity is the first thing to go, as found by Fry and colleagues in a recent presentation given at the University of Missouri Strength and Conditioning clinic. Power will decrease first and greatly so with overtraining. Sprints and agility greatly decreased as well. Oddly enough, maximal strength held on for a while.

The theory presented by Fry and colleagues is that an athlete can simply force himself to grind things out slowly and achieve the same weights ( Fry et al., 1994). While he could still continue to make gains in absolute strength for a short while, his power has deteriorated. When he is able to examine and identify exactly when his power declines, the volume and intensity can be reduced, which could possibly prevent overtraining.

One admission for the use of VBT is that athletes can cheat the system. If athletes don't want to work hard, they can move the bar more slowly on purpose and thus end up with a lighter weight.

One way to get around this is to limit the use of VBT to only those athletes who have established a high level of trust and are in higher levels of the program. The University of Missouri football team uses a multi-leveled program, which is based on several factors including absolute strength numbers, hypertrophy needs, explosive strength, comparison to standards, and most importantly-the trust of the coaches. It is not based on playing time or related factors.

The football team at Missouri has established a system where athletes work hard because they want to improve their athletic performance and achieve those higher levels. They don't get to use VBT until they have reached the level where they have earned the coaches' trust.

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APRE: The Fastest Way to Get Strong American Football Physical Preparation Manual: Interview with Coach X Using the Force Velocity Curve to Build Better Athletes The Tendo and Its Use for Autoregulation

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Developing Explosive Athletes: Velocity Based Training eBook

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In the word of division one strength & conditioning, Velocity Based Training (VBT) has gained in popularity and Dr. Bryan Mann has been the authority on how it can be utilized with the proper equipment in a team training environment.

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Los ingenieros de la futura Los ingenieros de la futura empresa VITRUVE crearon el ENCODER LINEAL más reconocido en España: SPEED4LIFTS, que marcaría un antes y un después en el entrenamiento de velocidad

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Los ingenieros de la futura Los ingenieros de la futura empresa VITRUVE crearon el ENCODER LINEAL más reconocido en España: SPEED4LIFTS, que marcaría un antes y un después en el entrenamiento de velocidad

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Entrenamiento de fuerza, encoder y rendimiento  con Speed4lifts

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https://www.innervations.com/bms/
https://www.trainheroic.com/blog/velocity-based-training/
https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2011/01000
https://www.elitefts.com/education/developing-explosive-athletes-velocity-based-training-ebook//Effect_of_Instantaneous_Performance_Feedback.13.aspx
https://www.innervations.com/about-us/