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YİĞİT/ İZMİR ÇİĞLİ AOSB VOCATIONAL TRAINING

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YİĞİT/ İZMİR ÇİĞLİ AOSB VOCATIONAL TRAINING

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Solar energy, the cleanest renewable energy source in the world, is actually heat energy. Most of this energy consists of hydrogen. For this reason, it is known as the cleanest renewable energy source in the world. The heat energies released during the conversion of hydrogens in the sun to helium are called solar energy. Outside the world, this energy is almost constant and has a power of 1370 W / m2. The power of this power on earth is maximum 1100 W / m2. These radiations are converted into electrical energy thanks to solar panels. The systems that do this are called "Solar Panel System" or "Solar Panel System".
Turkey is very suitable for solar energy systems due to its location. Solar panels come into our lives day by day in our country as well as all over the world. Since it is cleaner and less costly than other renewable energy sources, it is rapidly spreading and used. The rate of electricity generation from solar energy is increasing around the world. Today it is frequently used in solar panel fields, solar panel fields and factory roofs.
Yeryüzünün en temiz yenilenebilir enerji kaynagi olan günes enerjisi, aslinda isima enerjisidir. Bu enerjinin büyük bir kismi hidrojenden olusmaktadir. Bu sebeple yeryüzünün en temiz yenilenebilir enerji kaynagi olarak bilinmektedir. Günes içerisinde bulunan hidrojenlerin helyuma dönüsmesi sirasinda açiga çikan isima enerjilerine günes enerjisi denilmektedir. Dünya disinda bu enerji neredeyse sabittir ve 1370 W/m2 güce sahiptir. Bu gücün yeryüzündeki gücü maksimum 1100 W/m2’dir.  Bu isinimlar günes panelleri sayesinde elektrik enerjisine çevrilmektedir.  Bunu yapan sistemlere de “Günes Paneli Sistemi” veya “Solar Panel Sistemi” denilmekte.
Türkiye konum itibari ile günes enerji sistemlerine oldukça elverislidir. Tüm dünyada oldugu gibi ülkemizde de günden güne günes panelleri hayatimiza girmektedir. Diger yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarina göre daha temiz ve az maliyetli oldugu için hizla yayilmakta ve kullanilmaktadir. Dünya üzerinde günes enerjisinden elektrik üretim orani artis göstermektedir. Günümüzde günes paneli tarlalari, günes paneli arazileri ve fabrika çatilarinda sik sik kullanilmaktadir.

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Solar power is the energy obtained by absorbing the sun's rays through solar cells and converting them into electrical energy. Electric energy is both expensive and increases external dependency. For this reason, a free energy generation is possible with the energies obtained from solar energy.
Solar power is a 100% clean, renewable energy source. It reduces dependence on oil, coal and natural gas for electricity generation.
Most of the electricity produced in the world comes from fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. Extracting and using fossil fuels is expensive and harmful to the environment. In contrast, solar energy is free and abundant.

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In recent years, due to global environmental pollution, there has been a significant trend towards clean and sustainable energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass and geothermal. Therefore, it is predicted that renewable energy sources will play an important role in the future of countries. Today, the most important economical renewable energy resources is wind energy. The cost of electricity generation from wind energy is decreasing day by day with the development of wind technology.
The Aegean Region is among the richest regions in terms of wind energy potential. According to the observations made by EİE, it is seen that the wind energy potential of the region has a very high share of 24% in Turkey.
The first wind power plant in Turkey was built in 1998 in Çeşme.

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Why bees are indispensable in our ecosystem

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Some of Invasive Creatures:

Asian Carp
Asian carp are large, have big appetites and reproduce quickly. They take food and habitat away from native fish and have been known to prey on the eggs of other fish species. When carp eat, they stir up sediments and organisms from the lake and river beds changing a clear lake into murky one and changing the type of species that can survive there.

Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
Zebra mussels are one of the most aggressive freshwater invaders because their population numbers grow so quickly. Massive populations of zebra mussels filtering water can severely impact native plankton, which reduces food for fish. These plankton-eating fish then have to find a new source of food or move to a new lake in order to survive. Unfortunately, that isn’t an option for many species. Zebra mussels also leave very little for native mussels to filter, causing them to starve as well.

Cane Toad (Rhinella marina)
Cane toads have an amazing defense mechanism; they produce toxic ooze. While predators in their native habitat are immune to this toxic ooze, predators in other areas are not. Many animals that attempt to eat a cane toad die instead. With nothing around to keep their numbers in check, populations of cane toads in non-native habitats have exploded and they are taking their toll on native animal and plant species.

European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
European starlings form huge flocks, many times with more than 3,000 birds. When a flock this size feeds on fruit and grains, it can cause serious damage to a farm. These birds are also aggressive, fighting with native species over food and territory. They will even take over other birds’ nests, leaving native birds without a place to lay their eggs or raise their young.

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Bullying is not just a problem in school yards; it’s also a problem in nature! Invasive species are plants and animals that are brought to a new habitat and bully the native species to the point where many can’t survive.

Some of the interesting invasive species:

Kudzu:
Kudzu is an aggressive vine, capable of growing up to 26 cm (a little less than 1 ft.) a day. Since it expands so quickly, it smothers other plants, stopping them from having access to sunlight. Kudzu can even kill mature trees. This prevents native plants from growing and changes the ecosystem structure. What’s even worse is that once kudzu starts growing, it is extremely difficult to get rid of.

Asian long-horned beetle:
Asian longhorn beetles aren’t picky about where they lay their eggs; almost any deciduous tree will work. As larvae, they eat the soft sappy bark, which makes it hard for nutrients to reach other parts of the tree. As they grow, the larvae burrow into the middle of the tree leaving large tunnels as they move, making the tree physically weaker. As adults, Asian longhorn beetles emerge from the tree, breaking through the bark leaving large holes. Many trees don’t survive once they are infested with Asian longhorn beetles.

Small Indian mongoose:
Small Indian mongooses are aggressive predators. They are blamed for the decline of bar-winged rail (extinct), Jamaica petrel (critically endangered and possibly extinct), hawksbill turtles (critically endangered), pink pigeon (endangered), Amami rabbit (endangered) and many other birds, reptiles and mammals. Mongooses also carry rabies and other human diseases.

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Approximately 90% of the sun is made up of hydrogen. Some reactions occurring through fission with the nuclei of the hydrogen gas and the helium nucleus allow a very high amount of energy to be released. Solar rays, which occur through different reactions, are reflected to the world at a certain rate thanks to the atmosphere. The conversion of sunlight reaching the earth at a point that does not threaten human health into electricity with special panels is known as solar energy.

Solar energy is shortly defined as a renewable and clean energy source that does not create pollution.

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Solar energy is used in many different areas that can be imagined, as well as directly generating a strong electrical energy. At the same time, the usage area continues to increase with the development of technology.

- Industrial areas,

- Factory through many different private sectors,

- Detached houses,

- Buildings,

- cold storages,

- Agriculture and animal husbandry,

- Fuel stations,

- Hotels,

- Hospitals,

- Settlements where electrical energy cannot reach,

- Hot water opportunity with low cost in agricultural irrigation,

- Heating of vegetables and fruits with solar panels,

- Traffic and street lamps and signal lamps,

- electricity for parks and gardens,

In short, it constitutes an important potential wherever electricity is needed. At the same time, research continues on how to benefit more from solar energy with hot water supply.

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Kinetic energy generated by the air flow forming the wind is known as wind energy. The mobility experienced in the wind transforms primarily into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. Wind energy is obtained in this way through systems that are specially positioned at different points. Wind constitutes a very important potential, especially as a clean and endless source of energy with its protection of nature.

Of course, wind energy does not have as high a potential as solar energy. However, it still offers many different advantages as a renewable energy source. It minimizes air pollution by ensuring energy security. It is an inexhaustible source of energy.

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Depending on the intended use, many different wind turbines are installed at different points. There are many types of wind turbines with different qualities in this regard. There are three different systems, especially depending on the rotation axis.

- Horizontal axis wind turbines,

- Vertical axis wind turbines,

- Inclined axis wind turbines,

The cold air layer that occurs especially at night goes up with the warming of the daytime air. Thus, the air expands and starts to rise. In this direction, the cold air layer in the atmosphere goes down. Thus, wind is formed with the displacement of hot and cold air. With the rotation of the propellers in wind turbines, the energy of motion is transformed into electrical energy with the generator. Thus, electrical energy is produced safely; stored and used in different areas at different times.

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Arılar, yeryüzündeki ekosistemin en önemli canlıları arasındadır. ... Arılar, sayısız farklı bitki türünün döllenmesinde önemli bir faktördür, bu nedenle arıların dünya ve insanlar için önemi yadsınamaz şekilde önemlidir. Arılar bu gübreleme işlemlerinde rol oynadıkları için bitkilerin çoğalmasını sağlarlar.

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“If bees disappear from the face of the earth, human beings can only live for four years. Without bees, there will be no fertilization, no plant, no animal, no human. " (Albert Einstein, 1949)

The importance of honey bees and bumblebees for the eco-system we live in begins with the symbiosis they form with vegetation: Bees need the nectar of flowers as food for survival, and plants need a pollinator to spread their pollen and thus reproduce.

Of all natural pollinators, bees have the most important role in the environment, as almost 80% of all native flower species are pollinated by a European Honey Bee species, Apis mellifera, and the remaining 20% ​​are wasps, wasps and butterflies. is responsible. They are specialized in a certain type or work slower than honeybees. Honey bees are the main drivers of good crops and biodiversity.

When man discovered honey as a delicious food he started using bees for his own purpose. Long ago in ancient Egypt, honey was referred to as the food of the gods, even BC. In the 600s, beekeeping was used in ancient Greece.

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Invasive Alien Species are plants, animals and organisms that settle in the natural habitat to which it is alien, spread and cause ecological and economic damage. ... All living things can be invaders, from the largest to the smallest, fish, mussels, meduses, seaweeds and microscopic pathogens.

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Invasive species later enter the natural species of that area and can be harmful or harmful in newly entered areas.

Invasive species can compete and prevail with native species for resource use or habitat, thus changing the structure of the community and leading it towards extinction.

For example, a fish species known as grass carp can pose a danger to fish and fisheries in a habitat.

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Otília - Guimarães, Portugal (Filomena Costa)

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Otília - Guimarães, Portugal (Filomena Costa)

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The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
It is our most important natural source of energy because the Sun warms the planet, drives the hydrological cycle, and makes life on Earth possible, and also because it is the original source of the other forms of energy found on Earth. It is also a renewable energy source that will never run out, a clean energy that creates no pollution.
Solar energy can be harnessed for heating  our homes and sanitary water from solar collectors . Sunlight can also be used to produce electricity from solar cells (photovoltaics).
For a long time mankind has used fossil fuels in an unbridled way, which has caused serious environmental problems, and now these resources are on the verge of exhaustion.
My country is known for having excellent solar exposure, which makes the use of the sun's energy an excellent investment for citizens, for the country and for the environment.
In order to contribute to the European Union's binding target of a 32% share of renewable energy, an ambitious indicative trajectory was outlined in the National Energy and Climate Plan (PNEC), foreseeing in Portugal a 47% share of renewable energy in gross final consumption by 2030.
The photograph bellow shows the Hercules Photovoltaic Plant located in the municipality of Serpa, one of the sunniest areas in Europe.
A total area of 64 hectares is covered by 52,000 high-yield monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels with a total peak power of 11 megawatts. The panels are 2 meters above the ground, thus allowing the land to continue to be used for grazing.
This project has the capacity to supply electricity to 8,000 homes (21 GWh) and will avoid the emission of about 19,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year. Construction began in May 2006 and the inauguration took place on March 28, 2007.

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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Solar enerji sistemleri, güneş enerjisinin yakalanması ve elektriğe çevrilmesi ile çalışır.

Güneşimiz nükleer bir reaktördür ve 150 milyon km mesafeden dünyaya 8,5 dakikada ulaşan küçük enerji paketlerini yaymaktadır. Her bir saat içerisinde dünyamızın 1 senelik enerji ihtiyacının tamamını karşılamaya yetecek fotonlar yeryüzüne ulaşmaktadır.

Solar Paneller Nasıl Çalışır?

Fotonlar solar hücrelere çarptığında, elektronları hareketlendirerek atomlarından ayrılmasına neden olur. Eğer iletkenler güneş enerjisi hücrelerinin artı ve eksi taraflarına bağlanırsa bir elektrik devresi oluşur ve elektronlar böyle bir devreden akarsa elektrik üretilir. Çok sayıda solar hücre bir araya gelerek solar paneli, çok sayıda solar panel bir araya gelerek solar enerji sistemini oluşturur. Bir güneş enerjisi sisteminde ne kadar çok güneş enerjisi modülü varsa sistemin kurulu gücü de o kadar büyük olur.

Solar energy systems work by capturing solar energy and converting it into electricity.

Our sun is a nuclear reactor and emits small energy packets that reach the earth in 8.5 minutes from a distance of 150 million km. In every hour, enough photons to meet the energy need of our world for 1 year reach the earth.

How Solar Panels Work?

When photons hit the solar cells, they move the electrons, causing them to separate from their atoms. If conductors are connected to the positive and negative sides of solar cells, an electrical circuit is formed and electricity is produced if electrons flow through such a circuit. A large number of solar cells come together to form a solar panel, and a large number of solar panels to form a solar energy system. The more solar energy modules there are in a solar energy system, the greater the installed power of the system.

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Advantages of Solar Energy
*Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most important thing is that solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in all areas of the world and is available every day. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some of the other sources of energy.
*Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop. How much you save on your bill will be dependent on the size of the solar system and your electricity or heat usage.
*Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can generate electricity (photovoltaics) or heat (solar thermal). Solar energy can be used to produce electricity in areas without access to the energy grid, to distil water in regions with limited clean water supplies and to power satellites in space.
*Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance. You only need to keep them relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple of times per year will do the job.
*Technology in the solar power industry is constantly advancing and improvements will intensify in the future. Innovations in quantum physics and nanotechnology can potentially increase the effectiveness of solar panels and double, or even triple, the electrical input of the solar power systems.

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In the ancient days, the wind was mainly used for grinding grains and pumping up water for domestic use. These days, it turns large wind turbines to generate energy, which is converted into electricity. The modern wind turbines may vary technology-wise, but the principle of operation is similar; they both capture wind energy to produce electricity.
Wind energy or wind power is energy captured from moving air to generate electricity. The wind has kinetic energy in it. The kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy using a turbine. The mechanical energy can be utilized for numerous purposes including pumping water and grinding grain. Better still; the mechanical energy can be converted into electricity using a generator to power schools, homes, and businesses.
Wind energy, without any doubt, offers the best advantages in regard to the environment and cost. However, it harbors some disadvantages worth putting into perspective if you intend to invest in wind energy. Here are a few:

*Wind energy has a lot in common with solar energy in terms of consistency. Although wind energy qualifies as a renewable resource, wind speeds fluctuate each day. This can be a big disappointment to wind turbine developers who will commit every penny and every ounce of energy in the project only to end up with fluctuating wind pattern.
*A lot has been done to bring down the cost of installing turbines; the overall costs, however, remain on the higher side. The first step to installing a turbine is usually to do a rigorous survey to determine the wind speed of the location. This involves erecting a sample turbine to gauge the wind speeds over a stipulated period.
*Although wind turbines come with eye-catching designs, they impact the natural beauty of the landscape. When a lot more wind turbines are set up, the area becomes unsightly. The local community starts to sound alarm bells, and this can escalate to conflict.

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Honey bees are among the most numerous and efficient pollinator species in the world. Considering that the average honey bee can visit more than 2,000 flowers in one day, these bees greatly increase the chances of a plant producing a fruit or vegetable.
But honey bees don’t only pollinate crops-- they also pollinate wild and native plants, thus contributing to all the environmental and societal benefits attributed to pollinators in general above.

Honey bees are clearly vital parts of our ecosystem, acting as highly efficient pollinators of our food crops as well as for wild flora. We need bees to keep our crops and earth healthy, but in recent years their numbers have been decreasing by the billions. This decline has been linked to several factors, including parasites such as varroa mites, which bite bees and infect them with fatal viruses the use of pesticides which poison bees, and monoculture farming.

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Solar energy systems that do not emit any greenhouse gas and do not release harmful gas like any exhaust are completely nature-friendly. These systems, which are very environmentally friendly, work with the sun, which is abundant in nature. Therefore, they do not pollute the nature. The clean future, which is the best thing to do for future generations, is only possible with renewable energy.

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Wind power is the result of wind energy in the form of transformation of wind using wind turbines for electricity generated, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps for pumping water or wells, or sails to drive ships.

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Bees are flying insects that are closely related to wasps and ants known for producing honey, the western honey bee, the best known bee species known for their role in pollination. Bees are a monophyletic line within the Apoidea superfamily. They are currently recognized as a class called Anthophila.

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It is used for all species that predominantly form colonies as a result of the loss or lack of natural regulators by including native species as well as foreign species.

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect.

Photovoltaics were initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid rooftop PV system. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. As the cost of solar electricity has fallen, the number of grid-connected solar PV systems has grown into the millions and utility-scale photovoltaic power stations with hundreds of megawatts are being built. Solar PV is rapidly becoming an inexpensive, low-carbon technology to harness renewable energy from the Sun. The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is the Pavagada Solar Park, Karnataka, India with a generation capacity of 2050 MW.

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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Wind energy, which transforms the power of an inexhaustible resource such as wind into electricity, is a sustainable and valuable investment for the future. Utilising wind requires the construction of wind farms, either on land or at high sea, with dozens of wind turbines. These giants have become part of the landscape in recent years, but do we know how they work?
How is wind generated? Solar radiation does not affect the earth's surface equally: some areas are warmer than others, and in these areas the air, which weighs less, tends to rise, creating low pressure areas, while in colder areas the air descends and weighs more, creating high pressure areas. The difference in pressure causes the air to move and creates wind, an element so powerful that it can be used to generate energy.

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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With its black and gold stripes, translucent wings and signature furry body, the bee is a common sight in woods and gardens around the world. But do you know how important this creature is to our planet, and the threats it is facing?Credit: iStock.com / RugliG

Often seen buzzing from flower to flower, it’s as difficult to imagine a life without bees as it is to envisage one without trees. These hard-working winged invertebrates have been around for millions of years, pollinating our plants and producing the sweet golden syrup we call honey.

A world without bees is sadly becoming more of a possibility, as these important insects are in severe decline. If bees were to become extinct the planet could be in serious trouble, because these creatures are such an integral part of most ecosystems.

Why are bees important?

While to many they are simply the fuzzy flying insects we see darting among the flowers during the warmer months, bees are actually so much more than this, and have an important part to play in maintaining our planet. Where trees and woods are essential to filter our air, bees are vital to both pollinate the food we need to survive and pollinate many of the trees and flowers that provide habitats for wildlife.

Perfect pollinators

According to the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, approximately 80% of all flowering plants are specialised for pollination by animals, mostly insects (which includes bees). Pollination is crucial because many of our vegetables, fruits and the crops that feed our livestock rely on it to be fertilised, so without it, we could go hungry. Vegetables such as broccoli, asparagus and cucumber rely on the pollination of bees, as do apricots, strawberries, apples, tomatoes and almonds.

While there are other methods of pollination, including by the wind, birds, bats and other insects, wild bees are among the most important pollinators because they are capable of pollinating on a much bigger scale. It has been estimated that it would cost farmers in the UK an incredible £1.8 billion per year to manually pollinate their crops, which just further emphasises the importance of bees.

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Berke T (Fatih SARI)

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Invasive species, also called introduced species, alien species, or exotic species, any nonnative species that significantly modifies or disrupts the ecosystems it colonizes. Such species may arrive in new areas through natural migration, but they are often introduced by the activities of other species. Human activities, such as those involved in global commerce and the pet trade, are considered to be the most common ways invasive plants, animals, microbes, and other organisms are transported to new habitats.
Most introduced species do not survive extended periods in new habitats, because they do not possess the evolutionary adaptations to adjust to the challenges posed by their new surroundings. Some introduced species may become invasive when they possess a built-in competitive advantage over indigenous species in invaded areas. Under these circumstances, new arrivals can establish breeding populations and thrive, especially if the ecosystem lacks natural predators capable of keeping them in check. The ecological disruption that tends to follow such invasions often reduces the ecosystem’s biodiversity and causes economic harm to people who depend on the ecosystem’s biological resources. Invasive predators may be so adept at capturing prey that prey populations decline over time, and many prey species are eliminated from affected ecosystems. Other invasive species, in contrast, may prevent native species from obtaining food, living space, or other resources. Over time, invading species can effectively replace native ones, often forcing the localized extinction of many native species. Invasive plants and animals may also serve as disease vectors that spread parasites and pathogens that may further disrupt invaded areas.

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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WHAT IS WIND ENERGY

Wind energy is energy obtained from the force of the wind. How? Through a wind turbine that transforms the kinetic energy of air currents into electrical energy. The energy is mainly extracted with the rotor, which transforms the kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and with the generator, which transforms this mechanical energy into electrical energy. We are talking about a renewable, efficient, mature and secure energy that is key to the energy transition and the decarbonisation of the economy.

HOW DOES WIND POWER WORK. CHARACTERISTICS

As we have already mentioned, in order to utilise the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into electrical energy, it is necessary to use a wind turbine. The optimal use of these giants, (they are usually between 80 and 120 metres high) depends on the strength of the wind. For this reason, wind farms, which pool a large number of wind turbines and make it possible to obtain this energy in large quantities, must be set up in places where windy conditions are predominant.

The wind turbines have to be oriented in the direction of the wind, which is done by means of a vane on the nacelle. From there, the force of the air currents will set the three main parts of the wind turbine in motion:

The rotor: composed of three blades and the bushing that joins them together, its function is to capture the force of the wind and convert it into mechanical rotational energy.

The multiplier: connected to the engine by means of a shaft, its function is to increase the rotational speed from 30 revolutions per minute (rpm) to 1500 rpm.

The generator: this element is responsible for converting the mechanical energy of rotation into electrical energy.

Each of the wind turbines that make up a wind farm are linked together by underground cables that carry the electricity to a transformer substation. From there it is transported to homes, factories or schools, among other recipients, through the distribution networks of the various electricity companies.

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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As the world becomes aware of the increasing carbon emission problems caused by the burning of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources (with solar energy being the leading among them) have become more and more attention.
There have been important developments in the solar energy world in the last 10 years. Most importantly, we have seen a dramatic decline in the price of solar panels, thanks to the financial and regulatory government support put into use at various levels, as well as the increasing demand and new production capacities made to meet this demand. In this context, we will examine the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy below.
Advantages of Solar Energy:
• Does not emit greenhouse gases
• Free electricity generation from the first installation
• Reduction in line costs thanks to distributed energy systems
• Opportunity to generate electricity independent from the grid
Solar industry and new job opportunities
• The sun provides an inexhaustible source of energy compared to fossil fuels
• Protects the eco-system and does not damage natural habitats
• Solar energy technologies are very open and suitable for development.
• Can be obtained anywhere in the world
• Increases the value of our workplace or home

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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We need bees. We may take them and other pollinators like butterflies and hoverflies for granted, but they're vital to stable, healthy food supplies and key to the varied, colourful and nutritious diets we need (and have come to expect).

Bees are perfectly adapted to pollinate, helping plants grow, breed and produce food. They do so by transferring pollen between flowering plants and therefore keeping the cycle of life turning.

The vast majority of plants we need for food rely on pollination, especially by bees: from almonds and vanilla to apples and squash. Bees also pollinate around 80% of wildflowers in Europe, so our countryside would be far less interesting and beautiful without them.

But bees are in trouble. There's growing public and political concern at bee decline across the world. This decline is caused by a combination of stresses – from loss of habitat and food sources to exposure to pesticides and the effects of climate breakdown.

More than ever before, we need to recognise the importance of bees to nature and to our lives. And we need to turn that into action to ensure they don't just survive but thrive.

Why are bees disappearing?

Bees are in decline on a global scale as they face many threats, from habitat loss to the use of toxic pesticides. Many of the threats to bees share parallels with the threats to trees and woodland, so saving bees goes hand-in-hand with saving trees. If these threats aren’t brought under control, we could be looking at a future without bees.

Habitat loss

An increase in urban developments and invasive farming methods has meant that many of the areas bees once called home no longer exist. These developments are as much a threat to bees as they are to trees and woodland. In the wild, several species of bee nest in hollow trees, so as more trees are destroyed so are the homes these bees live in. Wildflower meadows and other areas abundant in flowering plants are also in serious decline, meaning that bees lose an important food resource.

Use of pesticides

One of the main threats to our beloved bees is the use of toxic pesticides. Whilst pesticides are designed to kill pests, due to their intense toxicity they are having an adverse effect on other insects too, including bees. Neonicotinoids in particular cause bees a great deal of harm, as when they are sprayed onto plants they are absorbed. So, when a bee comes to pollinate said plant, it will ingest this pesticide. This can seriously damage the bee’s central nervous system.

When some pesticides are sprayed onto plants, bees ingest them, damaging their nervous system.

Credit: Gillian Pullinger / Alamy Stock Photo

Climate change

Climate change and the extreme weather it often causes is another contributing factor in the decline of bees. It disrupts bee nesting behaviour and alters the normal seasonal timings, meaning flowers may bloom earlier or later than expected. Whilst the planting of more trees is helping to mitigate some of the effects of climate change, it is still a serious issue that could prove deadly for many of our bees.

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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İzmir Vocational Trainning Center Büşra B.(Fatih SARI)

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An invasive species is an organism that is not indigenous, or native, to a particular area. Invasive species can cause great economic and environmental harm to the new area.

Not all non-native species are invasive. For example, most of the food crops grown in the United States, including popular varieties of wheat, tomatoes, and rice, are not native to the region.

To be invasive, a species must adapt to the new area easily. It must reproduce quickly. It must harm property, the economy, or the native plants and animals of the region.

Many invasive species are introduced into a new region accidentally. Zebra mussels are native to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in Central Asia. Zebra mussels arrived in the Great Lakes of North America accidentally, stuck to large ships that traveled between the two regions. There are now so many zebra mussels in the Great Lakes that they have threatened native species.

Introduced Species

Some species are brought to a new area on purpose. Often, these species are introduced as a form of pest control. Other times, introduced species are brought in as pets or decorative displays. People and businesses that import these species do not anticipate the consequences. Even scientists are not always sure how a species will adapt to a new environment.

Introduced species multiply too quickly and become invasive. For example, in 1949, five cats were brought to Marion Island, a part of South Africa in the southern Indian Ocean. The cats were introduced as pest control for mice. By 1977, about 3,400 cats were living on the island, endangering the local bird population.

Other invasive species descended from pets that escaped or were released into the wild. Many people have released pet Burmese pythons into the Everglades, a swampy area of south Florida. The huge snakes can grow to 6 meters (20 feet) long. Pythons, native to the jungles of southeast Asia, have few natural predators in the Everglades. They feast on many local species, including white ibis and limpkin, two types of wading birds.

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Otília- Guimarães,Portugal ( Filomena costa)

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Otília- Guimarães,Portugal ( Filomena costa)

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Wind power is the use of wind to provide mechanical power through wind turbines to turn electric generators for electrical power. Wind power is a popular sustainable, renewable source of power that has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels.

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Otília- Guimarães, Portugal ( Filomena Costa)

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Otília- Guimarães, Portugal ( Filomena Costa)

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Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea. They are presently considered a clade, called Anthophila. There are over 16,000 known species of bees in seven recognized biological families. Some species – including honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless bees – live socially in colonies while most species (>90%) – including mason bees, carpenter bees, leafcutter bees, and sweat bees – are solitary.

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Otília- Guimarães, Portugal (Filomena Costa)

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Otília- Guimarães, Portugal (Filomena Costa)

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An invasive species can be any kind of living organism—an amphibian (like the cane toad), plant, insect, fish, fungus, bacteria, or even an organism's seeds or eggs—that is not native to an ecosystem and causes harm. They can harm the environment, the economy, or even human health.

Notable examples of invasive plant species include kudzu vine, Andean pampas grass ivy, Japanese knotweed and yellow starthistle. Examples of animals include the New Zealand mud snail, wild pig, European rabbit, gray squirrel, domestic cat, carp and ferret.

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If solar power is used to generate electricity, the high investment costs of solar power plants are a disadvantage.
With today's solar panel technology, we can convert 12-20% of the sun's rays into electricity. So it's a disadvantage because we can't use the lights from the sun efficiently.

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for our tomorrows…
Honey bees have been producing honey for millions of years, which has a very high nutritional value, as well as contributing to plant pollination and biodiversity. Although the pressure of their natural enemies from time to time led to a narrowing of their habitat, they continued to exist within the framework of ecological balance. Thus, they fulfilled the task of pollination, which fell upon them in nature. As a result of the fact that people turn to honey consumption, beekeeping has developed as an agricultural area. Its use as both food and medicine has increased the importance of beekeeping before societies. Honey and other bee products produced by honey bees today still retain their former importance in terms of human health.

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Balloon fish, which usually live in the Mediterranean, Aegean and Marmara Seas, Rocky and mossy areas, lie at the bottom of the water, hunting small creatures or other fish with eyes located in the upper part of the head.

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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İlk yararlanma biçimleri olarak güneş enerjisi açısından yelkenli gemiler ve yel değirmenleri söylenebilir. Zaman içerisinde ise su pompalama, tahıl üretme, ağaç kesme ve benzeri işlemlerde rüzgar enerjisinden faydalanılmıştır. Günümüzde ise artık elektrik üretme noktasında oldukça önemli bir potansiyel elde edilmiş durumda. Birçok farklı alanda kullanılmakta ve yenilenebilir enerji olarak düşük maliyet ile doğayı koruyan bir imkan sağlamaktadır.

Rüzgar Enerjisi Nedir?

Rüzgarı oluşturan hava akımı ile meydana gelen kinetik enerji rüzgar enerjisi olarak bilinmektedir. Rüzgarda yaşanan hareketlilik öncelik olarak mekanik enerjiye ve daha sonra elektrik enerjisine dönüşmektedir. Özel olarak farklı noktalara konumlandırılan sistemler üzerinden rüzgar enerjisi bu şekilde elde edilir. Özellikle doğayı koruması ile beraber temiz ve sonsuz bir enerji kaynağı olarak, rüzgar oldukça önemli bir potansiyel teşkil etmektedir.
Rüzgar Enerjisi Kullanım Alanları Nelerdir?

Dünyanın birçok farklı yerinde olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de rüzgar enerjisinden oldukça fazla faydalanılıyor. Özellikle jeolojik yapısı ile beraber iklim şartları üzerinden Türkiye, rüzgar enerjisi noktasında önemli ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu doğrultuda pek çok farklı amaç için değişik alanlarda rüzgar enerjisi özel sistemler üzerinden kullanılmaktadır.

- Evlerde,

- Birçok farklı işletmede,

- Park ve bahçe ile cadde aydınlatmaları,

- Sinyalizasyon,

- Tekne ve mobil istasyonları ile beraber karavanlar,

- Sulama sistemleri,

- Elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacı olabilecek bütün farklı alanlar...

Solar as a first use is playing avid ships and windmills. Over time, wind energy has been used for pumping water, growing trees, cutting trees and the like. Today, a significant potential has been obtained in terms of electricity generation. Its schools provide an opportunity to nature with different departments and cost as energy.

 What is Wind Energy?

 The wind is known as the energy energy related to imagination. The mechanical energy that occurs in the wind and possibly later turns into electrical energy. It is obtained in this way in terms of wind, especially in systems with different points. To set out to create a potential with the conservation of nature and by feeding endless energy.
 What are Wind Energy Usage Areas?

 Imagination is used a lot in Turkey. With its geological structure, Turkey is among the important countries in terms of wind energy over climate. In this direction, applications in systems that are used for many different purposes are utilized.

 - In houses,

 - In many different businesses,

 - Park, garden and street lighting,

 - Signaling,

 - boat and mobile and caravans,

 - Irrigation systems,

 - Complementing the electrical energy needs in different fields ...

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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Arı, zar kanatlılar takımına ait Apoidea familyasını oluşturan tüm böcek türlerine verilen isimdir.
Zar kanatlıların özelliği; içinde enine ve boyuna damarcıklar bulunan ve iki çift saydam zar şeklinde kanatlarının olmasıdır. Arıların vücudu baş, göğüs ve karın olmak üzere üç kısımdan meydana gelir. Vücutları yumuşak yapıdaki yoğun bir kıl örtüsüyle kaplıdır.Kılların rengi türe göre değişkendir
Bir bal arısı kolonisi yıllık 15–75 kg polen tüketir. Ayrıca günlük yaşamlarını sürdürmek adına 1 kg bal üretmek için 8 kg bal tüketirler. Ayrıca günlük 200 gram suya ihtiyaç duyabilirler.

Arıların ekolojik katkıları çiçeklerin döllenmesi, erkek ve dişi çiçek organlarında gerçekleştirdikleri polen taşıma konusundaki katkıları üzerinden gerçekleşmektedir. Öyle ki arıların dölleme işlemine ihtiyaç duymayan bitki sayısı son derece sınırlıdır. Bir araştırmaya göre dünyada gıda maddelerinin %90'ı 82 çeşit bitkiden elde edilir ve bunların %77'si arılar tarafından döllenmeye muhtaçtır.[1]

Arıların yayılma (yaklaşık 5 km) ve çok geniş alanlardan toplayıcı (polen-çiçek özü, meyve suyu) özellikleri aynı zamanda kendilerinin birtakım zararlı maddeleri de toplayabilecekleri konusunu gündeme getirir. Örneğin ilaç, sanayi, baca artıkları ve karayolu çevrelerinde egzoz dumanları ve çöplüklerce kirletilmiş çevre, arı ürünlerini insanlar ve arıların kendileri için son derece sağlıksız hale getirebilir. Yapılan araştırmalar bu toksinlerin en fazla balmumunda biriktiğini göstermiştir.

The bee is the name given to all insect species that make up the Apoidea family belonging to the membrane-winged order.
Characteristics of membranous birds; It has two pairs of transparent membrane-shaped wings with transverse and longitudinal veinlets. The body of bees consists of three parts: head, thorax and abdomen. Their bodies are covered with a soft, dense hair cover. The color of the hairs varies according to the species.
A honey bee colony consumes 15–75 kg of pollen annually. They also consume 8 kg of honey to produce 1 kg of honey to maintain their daily lives. They may also need 200 grams of water daily.

The ecological contributions of bees are realized through their contribution to the pollination of flowers and pollen transport in male and female flower organs. So much so that the number of plants that do not need bees fertilization is extremely limited. According to a study, 90% of the world's foodstuffs are obtained from 82 kinds of plants, and 77% of them need pollination by bees.[1]


The spreading (approximately 5 km) and collecting (pollen-flower extract, fruit juice) characteristics of bees from very large areas raise the issue that they can also collect some harmful substances themselves. For example, exhaust fumes in pharmaceuticals, industry, chimney residues, and highway environments, and the environment polluted by landfills can make bee products extremely unhealthy for humans and the bees themselves. Studies have shown that these toxins accumulate the most in beeswax.

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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CEMRE REHA MİDİLLİ ANADOLU LİSESİ (TÜLİN TAŞPINAR)

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İstilacı türler, yerel yaban hayatına yönelik başlıca tehditler arasındadır. Tehdit altındaki veya tehlike altındaki türlerin yaklaşık yüzde 42'si istilacı türler nedeniyle risk altındadır.
İstilacı bir tür, ekosisteme özgü olmayan ve zarara neden olan herhangi bir canlı organizma (amfibi (kamış kurbağası gibi), bitki, böcek, balık, mantar, bakteri ve hatta bir organizmanın tohumları veya yumurtaları) olabilir. Çevreye, ekonomiye ve hatta insan sağlığına zarar verebilirler. Hızla büyüyen ve üreyen, agresif bir şekilde yayılan ve zarar verme potansiyeli olan türlere “istilacı” etiketi verilir.

Invasive species are among the main threats to local wildlife. About 42 percent of threatened or endangered species are at risk from invasive species.
An invasive species can be any living organism (such as amphibians (such as cane frogs), plants, insects, fish, fungi, bacteria, and even the seeds or eggs of an organism) that is not native to the ecosystem and causes harm. They can harm the environment, the economy and even human health. Species that grow and reproduce rapidly, spread aggressively, and have the potential to cause harm are labeled "invasive".

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Semanur / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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Semanur / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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The Sun's rays reaching a unit area in space on the Earth's orbit are 1,366 W/m2 when measured on a surface perpendicular to the Sun. This value is also known as the solar energy constant. The planet atmosphere reflects 6% of this energy, dampens 16% and thus the highest solar energy that can be reached at sea level is 1,020 W / m2. Clouds reduce the incoming radiation by about 20% by reflecting and by about 16% by damping. The picture on the right is a representation of the average solar energy in W/m2 available based on satellite data between 1991 and 1993. For example, while the solar energy reaching North America varies between 125 and 375 W/m2, the amount of energy that can be obtained daily varies between 3 and 9 kWh/m2 (kilowatt.hour/square meter).

Dünyanın yörüngesi üzerinde, uzayda, birim alana ulaşan Güneş ışınları, Güneş'e dik bir yüzey üzerinde ölçüldükleri zaman 1,366 W/m2dir. Bu değer Güneş enerjisi sabiti olarak da anılır.G ezegen atmosfer bu enerjinin %6’sını yansıtır, %16’sını da sönümler ve böylece deniz seviyesinde ulaşılabilen en yüksek Güneş enerjisi 1,020 W/m2dir. Bulutlar gelen ışımayı, yansıtma suretiyle yaklaşık %20, sönümleme suretiyle de yaklaşık %16 azaltırlar. Sağdaki resim 1991 ve 1993 yılları arasında uydu verilerine dayanarak elde edilebilen ortalama Güneş enerjisinin W/m2 cinsinden gösterimidir. Örneğin Kuzey Amerika’ya ulaşan Güneş enerjisi 125 ile 375 W/m2 arasında değişirken günlük elde edilebilen enerji miktarı, 3 ila 9 kWh/m2 (kilowatt.saat/metrekare) arasında değişmektedir.

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Semanur / İzmir vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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Semanur / İzmir vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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By providing energy security, it reduces air pollution to a very minimum level. It is an inexhaustible source of energy. While creating a significant potential against climate change, it also reduces costs. In addition to preventing fuel imports, it is installed very quickly. Moreover, it provides a healthy and safe use that does not emit radiation and does not cause explosions.

Enerji güvenliğini sağlayarak hava kirliliğini oldukça minimum seviyeye indirir. Asla tükenmeyecek bir enerji kaynağıdır. İklim değişikliğine karşı önemli bir potansiyel oluştururken, maliyetleri de aşağıya çeker. Yakıt ithalatını önlenmesinin yanı sıra çok çabuk şekilde kurulur. Üstelik radyasyon yaymayan ve patlama yaratmayan sağlıklı ve güvenli bir kullanım imkanı sağlar.

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Semanur / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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Semanur / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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Environment; In bee diseases, anything that affects or disrupts the quality of life of the bee can be the cause of disease and damage. These can be counted as environmental factors, nutrition and humidity, ventilation of the hive, hot-cold, pollutants, chemicals, pesticides (pesticides). Deprivation of bees from clean environment and water resources, dirty, sewage, etc. They have to drink water from places and carry dirty, dirty mud and bacteria to their hives, resulting in the development of septicemia, brood rot (European, common brood rot) diseases in beehives. The presence of moisture in the hive floor and inner areas can lead to fungal diseases and lime diseases.

Çevre; Arı hastalıklarında arının yaşam kalitesini etkileyen ve bozan her şey hastalık ve zarar nedeni olabilir. Bunlar çevresel faktörler, beslenme ve nem, kovanın havalanma durumu, sıcak-soğuk, kirleticiler, kimyasallar, tarım ilaçları (pestisitler) şeklinde sayılabilir. Arıların temiz çevre ve su kaynaklarından mahrum olması, kirli, kanalizasyon vb. yerlerden su içmek zorunda kalmaları ile kovanlarına ayaklarında pis, kirli çamur ve bakteri taşımaları arı kovanlarında septisemi, yavru çürüklüğü (Avrupa, adi yavru çürüklüğü) hastalıklarının gelişmesi ile sonuçlanır. Kovan tabanı ve iç bölgelerinde nem bulunması mantar hastalıkları ve kireç hastalıklarına yol açabilir.

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It seems that this aphid may have originated in eastern Greece and to the south of the Caspian Sea, with Cupressus sempervirens being the original host. However, it is an invasive species and is now found in many other parts of the world. In Europe it reached Italy by 1978, Belgium and France by 1980, Bulgaria by 1988 and Portugal by 1996. Populations in different parts have regional preferences in host species, being recorded in Europe on several species of Cupressus, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus virginiana, Thuja occidentalis and Thuja plicata.

In the Middle East it had reached Israel by 1980, Jordan by 1987 and Yemen by 1999. In Africa it had arrived in Malawi by 1986, Kenya and Zimbabwe by 1990, South Africa by 1993, and Libya and Morocco by 1994. It was present in Colombia in South America by 1991 and by 2000 had reached Brazil.

Görünüşe göre bu yaprak biti doğu Yunanistan'da ve Hazar Denizi'nin güneyinde, Cupressus sempervirens'in orijinal ev sahibi olduğu görülüyor. Bununla birlikte, istilacı bir türdür ve şu anda dünyanın birçok başka yerinde bulunur. Avrupa'da 1978'de İtalya'ya, 1980'de Belçika ve Fransa'ya, 1988'de Bulgaristan ve 1996'da Portekiz'e ulaştı. Avrupa'da Cupressus, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus virginiana, Thuja'nın çeşitli türlerinde kaydedilen farklı bölgelerdeki popülasyonların konukçu türlerde bölgesel tercihleri vardır. occidentalis ve Mazı plicata.

Ortadoğu'da 1980'de İsrail'e, 1987'de Ürdün ve 1999'da Yemen'e ulaştı. Afrika'da 1986'da Malavi'ye, 1990'da Kenya ve Zimbabve'ye, 1993'te Güney Afrika'ya ve 1994'te Libya ve Fas'a ulaştı. 1991 yılına kadar Güney Amerika'da Kolombiya'ya ve 2000 yılına kadar Brezilya'ya ulaşmıştı.

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Serap/ İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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Serap/ İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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In short, solar energy is defined as a renewable and clean energy source that does not cause pollution. It is possible to say that solar energy is among the most important resources of the future, especially considering that it will end with the gradual decrease of resources such as oil and natural gas. As a result, with the continuous increase in population and industrialization, the need for energy has reached a much higher point than ever before. The share of solar energy in terms of electricity generation is increasing day by day in terms of clean energy source with lower cost.

Güneş enerjisi kısacası yenilenebilir ve kirlenme yaratmayan temiz enerji kaynağı olarak tabir edilmektedir. Özellikle petrol ve doğalgaz gibi kaynakların yavaş yavaş azalması ile son bulacağı düşününce, güneş enerjisinin geleceğin en önemli kaynakları arasında yer aldığını söylemek mümkün. Sonuçta nüfus ve sanayileşmenin de sürekli artması ile beraber, enerjiye ihtiyaç her zamankinden çok daha yüksek noktaya ulaşmış durumda. Daha düşük maliyet ile temiz enerji kaynağı konusunda, elektrik üretimi açısından güneş enerjisinin payı her geçen gün artış gösteriyor.

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Serap / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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Serap / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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The total wind energy traveling to an imaginary area A at time t can only be fully captured if a wind turbine reduces the speed of the advancing wind to zero. In reality, this is not possible because the air reaching the turbine must be separated from the turbine at a certain speed. A relationship is established between wind speed input and output. One of them is the current pipe concept. According to this method, the maximum available wind energy from any wind turbine is equal to 59% of the total theoretical wind energy.

Hayali bir A alanına t zamanında ilerleyen toplam rüzgâr enerjisi, ancak bir rüzgâr türbininin ilerleyen rüzgârın hızını sıfıra düşürmesi ile tamamen ele geçirilebilir. Gerçekte ise bu mümkün değildir çünkü türbine ulaşan havanın türbinden belli bir hız ile ayrılması gerekir. Rüzgâr hızı girdisi ve çıktısı arasında bir ilişki kurulur. Bunlardan biri akım borusu kavramıdır. Bu yönteme göre herhangi bir rüzgâr türbininden maksimum elde edilebilir rüzgâr enerjisi, toplam teorik rüzgâr enerjisinin %59'una eşittir.

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Semanur / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR) 

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Semanur / İzmir Vocational Center (N.AFŞAR) 

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The importance of bees for nature is not limited to honey bees and honey. Pollination is one of the most important jobs they do. Today, approximately 80% of the flowering plants in the world, from the fruits that decorate our tables to the huge forest ecosystems, are pollinated by bees. We have many fruits, from crimson cherries to crisp plums, thanks to bees. Thanks to the pollination activities of honey bees and bees living alone, food diversity can continue to exist. For example, according to researches, approximately 71 of the 100 basic food products that come to our table are in need of pollination service by bees.

It is impossible to imagine a nature and human life without bees. Unfortunately, things are not going well for the bees. The existence of bees worldwide has been under serious threats for years. Their numbers are rapidly decreasing. Against all these problems, we need to take every possible measure to protect the bees' fascinating role in nature and to protect their health.

Arıların doğa için önemi yalnızca bal arısı ve balla sınırlı değildir. Yaptıkları en önemli işlerin başında tozlaşma gelir. Bugün sofralarımızı süsleyen meyvelerden tutun kocaman orman ekosistemlerine dek dünya üzerinde bulunan çiçekli bitkilerin yaklaşık olarak %80’i arılar ile tozlaşmaktadır. Kıpkırmızı kirazlardan, kütür kütür eriklere dek birçok meyveye arılar sayesinde sahibiz. Başta bal arısının ve yalnız yaşayan arıların polen yayma faaliyetleri sayesinde gıda çeşitliliği varlığını sürdürebilmektedir. Örneğin yapılan araştırmalara göre soframıza gelen temel 100 gıda ürününün yaklaşık olarak 71’i arıların tozlaşma hizmetine muhtaçtır.

Arıların olmadığı bir doğa ve insan yaşamı hayal etmek mümkün değildir. Buna rağmen maalesef arılar için durumlar iyiye gitmiyor. Dünya genelinde arı varlığı yıllardır çok ciddi tehditler altındadır. Sayılarında hızla azalmalar meydana gelmektedir. Tüm bu sorunlara karşı arıların doğadaki büyüleyici rollerine devam edebilmesi için gereken her türlü korumayı ve sağlıklarını koruyabilmek adına her türlü mümkün olan önlemleri almamız gerekmektedir.

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Semanur / İzmir Vecational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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Semanur / İzmir Vecational Center (N.AFŞAR)

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The yellow crazy ant's natural habitat are the moist tropical lowlands of Southeast Asia, and surrounding areas and islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.It has been introduced into a wide range of tropical and subtropical environments including northern Australia, some of the Caribbean islands, some Indian Ocean islands (Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, the Cocos Islands and the Christmas Islands)[5] and some Pacific islands (New Caledonia, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Okinawa, Vanuatu, Micronesia, Johnston Atoll, and the Galapagos archipelago).[8][9] The species has been known to occupy such agricultural systems as cinnamon, citrus, coffee and coconut plantations. Because the ant has generalized nesting habits, they are able to disperse via trucks, boats and other forms of human transport

Crazy ant colonies naturally disperse through "budding", i.e. when mated queens and workers leave the nest to establish a new one, and only rarely through flight via female winged reproductive forms. Generally, colonies that disperse through "budding" have a lower rate of dispersal and need human intervention to reach distant areas. It has been recorded that A. gracilipes moves as much as 400 m (1,300 ft) a year in Seychelles.A survey on Christmas Island, however, yielded an average spreading speed of 3 meters (9.8 ft) a day, the equivalent of one kilometer (0.6 mile) a year.

Sarı çılgın karıncanın doğal yaşam alanı, Güneydoğu Asya'nın nemli tropikal ovaları ve çevresindeki bölgeler ve Hint ve Pasifik Okyanuslarındaki adalardır. Kuzey Avustralya, bazı Karayip adaları, bazı Hint Okyanusu adaları (Seyşeller, Madagaskar, Mauritius, Réunion, Cocos Adaları ve Noel Adaları)[5] ve bazı Pasifik adaları (Yeni Kaledonya, Hawaii, Fransız Polinezyası, Okinawa, Vanuatu, Mikronezya, Johnston Atoll ve Galapagos takımadaları) ).[8][9] Türün tarçın, narenciye, kahve ve hindistancevizi tarlaları gibi tarımsal sistemleri işgal ettiği bilinmektedir. Karınca genelleştirilmiş yuvalama alışkanlıklarına sahip olduğundan, kamyonlar, tekneler ve diğer insan taşıma araçlarıyla dağılabilirler.

Çılgın karınca kolonileri doğal olarak "tomurcuklanma" yoluyla, yani eşleşmiş kraliçeler ve işçiler yeni bir yuva kurmak için yuvadan ayrıldıklarında ve nadiren dişi kanatlı üreme formları aracılığıyla uçarak dağılırlar. Genel olarak, "tomurcuklanma" yoluyla dağılan kolonilerin dağılma oranı daha düşüktür ve uzak bölgelere ulaşmak için insan müdahalesine ihtiyaç duyar. A. gracilipes'in Seyşeller'de yılda 400 m (1,300 ft) kadar hareket ettiği kaydedilmiştir. Ancak Christmas Adası'nda yapılan bir araştırma, günde ortalama 3 metre (9,8 ft) yayılma hızı vermiştir. kilometre (0.6 mil) yılda.