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In 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (i.e the Soviet Union) was created by the Communist Party in Russia. Joseph Stalin, the soviet leader, had established a dictatorship by the 1930s. The dictatorship had total control.

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Benito Mussolini overthrew the government in 1922. He turned Italy into a fascist dictatorship within a few years of leadership, and planned to expand Italy’s territory.

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Adolf Hitler and his Nazis attempted to overthrow the government in Munich... to no avail. He was arrested, taken to court, charged with treason, and imprisonment. However, he was treated as a celebrity in prison and wasn't given his rightful amount of time, being let go earlier than was right.

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After the roaring 1920s and a decade of unprecedented growth, the stock market crash devastated millions of people and the Great Depression began.

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1932: President Roosevelt is elected in the US

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1932: President Roosevelt is elected in the US

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FDR won the presidential election of 1932 and aimed all his presidential abilities and efforts towards ending the Great Depression in America.

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1933: Hitler named chancellor of Germany

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1933: Hitler named chancellor of Germany

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Hitler brought complete Nazi leadership and control to Germany and, like Russia, established a totalitarian state. He banned other political parties, and only Nazis were appointed to head all state and local governments.

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1934: Hitler gains full control of Germany

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1934: Hitler gains full control of Germany

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In 1934, Hitler combined the offices of president and chancellor and ruled Germany as a dictator.

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1936: Jesse Owens and the German Olympics

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1936: Jesse Owens and the German Olympics

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To the embarrassment of racist Hitler, the African American star athlete Jesse Owens won several medals in the German-hosted Olympics.

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The Japan military gained power in the 1930s, and used aggressive military action to conquer new land and seize raw materials. In 1931, Japan invaded a Chinese region called Manchuria, and in 1937, they attacked Beijing, and captured Nanjing, massacring 300,000 Chinese civilians.

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Under Hitler, German troops invaded Poland in September 1939. The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany two days later. In 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan formed an alliance called the Axis powers. The US stayed neutral.

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1941: US lends war supplies to Allies during war

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1941: US lends war supplies to Allies during war

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President Roosevelt did not yet join the war, but he persuaded Congress to lend war supplies to the allied powers. The Lend-Lease Act was passed in 1941, and the United States gave around $50 billion in supplies during the course of the war. Meanwhile, Roosevelt prepared for battle.

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In 1941, Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese planes that bombed the naval base, sinking or damaging all eight battleships in the US Pacific fleet. Within an hour, Congress declared war on Japan, and Italy and Germany declared war on America.

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1942: Allies invade North Africa and Italy

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1942: Allies invade North Africa and Italy

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When the US entered the war, the Allies were not strong enough to attack Germany, so they began in North Africa. The Allies then attacked Italy. Even after Italy surrendered, German troops defended Italy, taking the Allies near two years to win.

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In 1942, a Japanese fleet headed for Midway Island. From there, Japan could invade Hawaii. US bombers attacked the Japanese fleet and by the end, Japan had lost 4 aircraft carriers and 322 planes. Japan never again directly threatened the United States.

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In 1942, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, who joined the Allies and fought back. As winter came, the Germans gave up. This cost the Soviets more than 1 million people. However, it marked a turning point. The Soviet army stopped retreating, playing a huge role in defeating Germany.

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The Allies readied the D-Day invasion of France. About 176,000 troops, 4,600 watercraft, and 14,000 planes left for France. There was massive attack of Germans on the coast. Even with this, troops landing on the beaches were met by heavy fire. Despite the loss, the troops captured the Normandy beaches.

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By 1945, the Allies were closing in on Germany. While marching across Poland, Soviet troops came upon a German concentration camp with a thousand dying people. To their horror, they also found a huge crematorium.

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In 1945, World War II had ended with a death toll of over 60m people. 20m Soviets were killed, 2m Japanese, 7m Germans, and several hundred thousand from the US, France, and UK.

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In February 1945, President Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin met at the Yalta Conference. The Allied leaders agreed to divide Germany into four military zones occupied by American, British, French, and Soviet forces after the war.

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The allies put 22 Nazi leaders on trial, and they were charged with war crimes as well as crimes against humanity (enslavement, extermination). Twelve were condemned to hanging, seven prison terms, and three were acquitted.

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In 1956, a separate court in Tokyo put 28 Japanese war criminals on trial. All were found guilty, sixteen received life sentences, and seven were sentenced to death by hanging.

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1947: The United States restructures Japan

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1947: The United States restructures Japan

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The Americans put American general Douglas MacArthur in charge of Japan. Allied soldiers occupied Japan, but they did not control it directly. Instead, the Japanese government carried out political forms that MacArthur prescribed.