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Learning Outcomes

1.9 and 2.5

Learning Intentions

I will learn about consumer responsibilities

I will reflect on the impact of my shopping.

I will learn about the impact businesses have on the environment through the production of clothes.

How might you use this stimulus material in class?

This video provides a great introduction to Fast Fashion - defining the problem and outlining the role of social and financial organisations in the industry.

Support resources: the question quadrant provides open and closed questions to support student discussion.

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Learning Outcomes
2.4 Distinguish between the rights & responsibilities of employer and employee from legal, social, environmental and ethical perspective

Learning Intentions

I will learn about procedure for dismissal of employees

I will learn about the causes of disputes between employees and employers

I will reflect upon the ethical and social impact these disputes and redundancy has on employees

How might you use this stimulus in the classroom?

Even though this is happening in the UK it has been widely broadcast so I would hope that some students may have heard a bit about it already.

The aim of this material is to get students introduced to what is fair (ethical) and unfair (unethical) when it comes to businesses closing down and how businesses should act

I would try to get students drawing up mindmaps of what steps they think should be followed when making redundancies.

I would get them to research other redundancies and the impact they may have had on people in Ireland

It is very topical with the pandemic, a lot of people lost their jobs so I would hope that students would be able to discuss the different impacts this would have on people - budgets, financial life cycle, the Government & unemployment benefit etc.

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Confusion Between P&O Cruises and Ferry Operator After 800 Workers Sacked

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After P&O Ferries decided to suddenly sack 800 workers, anger also hits P&O Cruises, which is unrelated and causes confusion.

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Learning Outcomes

1.9 & 1.10

Learning Intentions

I will learn about how when consumers have rights they also have responsibilities

I will reflect on the amount of unnecessary packaging that comes with products I buy

I will learn how there are alternatives to buying goods with a lot of packaging

How might you use this stimulus material in class?

I would discuss how shopping local often reduces the amount of packaging compared with buying online

Discuss farmers markets and how you can bring your own reusable containers to spare plastic

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Why you should shop at your local farmers market | Mohammad Modarres

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Learning Outcomes:

3.1 limited resources

3.2 individuals, organizations & governments work together to distribute resources used to produce goods and services

Learning intentions:

1. I will learn that certain resources are limited in nature

2. I will understand the role natural resources like water play in the production of goods and services

3. I will link to learning outcome 3.6 (sustainable development) & 3.4 (government influence on economy) how economic growth and population growth can negatively effect our natural resources' availability and if not managed correctly can also negatively effect future generations to come

How might you use this to stimulus material in class?

1. This video provides a great understanding of human reliance on water and outlines the important role individual governments play to ensure corporate greed is controlled

2. Support questions to the video will be supplied to focus students while watching

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Explained | World's Water Crisis | FULL EPISODE | Netflix

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Learning Outcomes:

1.9 and 2.4

Learning Intentions:

I will list the rights of employees.

I will identify the responsibilities of employers.

I will discuss the ethical impact of employer and consumer decisions.

How might you use this stimulus material in class?:

Create an article using extracts from different news articles on this topic.

Show students 'Boohoo' website and give students a brief background on this news story.

Allow students to read through the article and work together to answer the questions prepared for this article (mixture of open and closed).

The answers will guide and prompt a discussion on workers rights and the responsibility of corporations when sourcing suppliers.

Links to be created to the consumers ethical decisions about purchasing from such companies and fast fashion.

Homework: Students can research a news story where workers rights have been breached.

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Bosses at Boohoo did not deliberately allow poor conditions and pay for workers at factories where its clothes were made but simply did not feel responsible, a review into the company's supply chain has found.

Alison Levitt, a QC who was tasked to probe allegations of workers getting less than the minimum wage and working in unsafe environments, said there were "serious issues" in the company's supply chain.

"I am satisfied that Boohoo did not deliberately allow poor conditions and low pay to exist within its supply chain, nor did it intentionally profit from them," she said.

But she added: "In truth Boohoo has not felt any real sense of responsibility for the factory workers in Leicester and the reason is a very human one: it is because they are largely invisible to them."

The report also found:

- 35 out of 49 companies probed failed a minimum wage probe

- "Serious health and safety violations" at some suppliers

- There were poor conditions "across the best part, if not the entirety" of Boohoo's supply chain in Leicester

- Authorities contributed to the problem by not taking action

- Boohoo only had one compliance officer to monitor all 500 suppliers and subcontractors in Leicester

- Chief executive John Lyttle and other senior staff were sent an email in December 2019 describing one factory as having "the worst working conditions that I have seen in the UK"

- There is no evidence that Boohoo has committed any criminal offences

- Co-founder Carol Kane may have provided inaccurate information to MPs on the Environmental Audit Committee

The review was called in July after the Sunday Times published claims that workers in Boohoo's supply chain could be earning as little as £3.50 (€3.80).

The minimum wage for a person over 25 is £8.72 (€9.55).

Ms Levitt's report documents a company focused on keeping prices low and getting new products to market quickly.

By keeping large parts of its supply chain in the UK - 40% of its clothes are made here, especially in Leicester - Boohoo can prioritise speed, getting new products to market in as little as 48 hours.

Its speed and agility has made Boohoo a major player in the fashion world, and made it worth over 2.5 times more than Marks & Spencer.

But while Boohoo's Leicester suppliers were knocking out new dresses at incredible speed and at low price, they were meant to be overseen by a compliance team.

However, Ms Levitt said only one person worked on the compliance "team", having perhaps 500 suppliers and subcontractors to check.

Even this figure is unclear, as Boohoo was never able to give the lawyer a list of all the companies involved in making its clothes in Leicester.

Regardless, it was "too much for one person", one insider told investigators.

The insider, who was appointed in 2017, said he had asked repeatedly for additional help and thought the task was so big he needed two other full-time colleagues working in the city.

Ms Levitt said: "In late 2018, he had suggested to members of the Boohoo Board that outside independent auditors should be engaged to audit both suppliers and subcontractors, but nothing happened."

The difficulty of keeping an eye on the Leicester factories became obvious in August this year when auditors from Verisio did a spot check: "Ten people left through a fire exit as the auditors entered the premises," Ms Levitt said.

At another site 40% of the workforce left during the audit.

The auditors found a majority of suppliers they visited did not comply with rules over employment documentation, records of working hours, minimum wage, health and safety, and Covid-19 controls, while nearly half fell short on payment practices.

Many workers were not getting statutory holiday pay, and one employee claimed they were being paid £3 (€3.28) per hour.

One factory's managing director admitted workers were getting minimum wage. He explained that staff wanted to claim benefits so he was under pressure to pay less than minimum wage, and they would leave if he paid them more.

One factory had a locked fire door, another provided no toilet paper for staff and in one place there was no "wholesome drinking water".

Auditors found some form of non-compliance of varying seriousness at all of Boohoo's top 20 biggest suppliers.

The report details how senior staff knew about concerns over conditions at suppliers as early as December 2019 but did not act fast enough.

On December 11 the managing director of Verisio wrote an email that was forwarded to chief executive Mr Lyttle later that evening.

"The factory has the worst working conditions that I have seen in the UK and is not safe for the workers," the email read.

"The risk is so high to the Boohoo brand and is a major news story waiting to happen."

A few days later Boohoo's director of sustainability Tom Kershaw went to see the factories in question with Mr Lyttle and one other Boohoo staff member.

He told investigators: "One of them was pretty appalling working conditions in terms of the set-up of the site."

Although Mr Lyttle was getting tours of Leicester factories, Ms Levitt found that chairman Mahmud Kamani had not seen the Verisio reports and did not know the name of Boohoo's head of internal audit.

Speaking to investigators, Mr Kamani said: "The way we treat our people is our responsibility. But if we're subsequently getting so many garments made in Leicester and there is maybe 20,000 or 30,000 machinists, is that my responsibility? If they then eat too many chapatis and become obese, is that then my responsibility?"

Boohoo said on Friday it was taking steps to improve its processes after taking extensive feedback from Ms Levitt.

"Today we are setting out the further steps we are taking to drive long-lasting and meaningful change that all stakeholders in the Boohoo group will benefit from," said Mr Lyttle.

Investment advisors PIRC said: "Directors knew in late 2019 that there were very serious issues regarding the treatment of factory workers in Leicester​ and this has been an open secret in the industry for longer. We would expect those directors responsible to consider their positions."

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Boohoo bosses did not feel responsible for underpaid factory workers, probe says

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Bosses at Boohoo did not deliberately allow poor conditions and pay for workers at factories where its clothes were made but simply did not feel responsible, a review into the company's supply chain has found.

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Learning Outcomes:
2.4

Learning Intentions:
I will learn about the rights of employees

I will understand the term discrimination and  be able to recognise some examples discrimination in the workplace

I will be able to identify organisations who can help or support me if I experience discrimination in the workplace

How might you  use this stimulus in the class?

I would ask students to read the article independently and use a questionnaire to be completed in pairs to illicit the key points from the article. This would form the basis of a class discussion (Read, pair, share)

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'She was left vulnerable': 64-year-old woman awarded €10,000 after being fired over age and illness

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The woman took a discrimination case against her employer, a residential disability service.

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Learning Outcome

2.4

Learning Intentions:

I will understand the rights of employees for equality in the workplace

I will learn how inequality in the workplace can lead to industrial disputes

How might you use this stimulus material in class?

This video creates a great introduction for discussing equality in the workplace.

I would attach a worksheet for students to complete while they are watching the video and then have a group discussion on how it made them feel.

This is a great Segway into industrial disputes

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Sign up for alerts from The Irish Times

Just click on "Allow Notifications" on the message appearing on your browser to activate them.

We will send you a quick reminder in the future, in case you change your mind.

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Row between FAI and Women's National Team resolved

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Sign up for alerts from The Irish Times Just click on "Allow Notifications" on the message appearing on your browser to activate them. We will send you a quick reminder in the future, in case you change your mind.

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Learning outcome

3.1 and 3.4

Learning intentions

I will learn about Current Expenditure

I will learn about Opportunity Cost

I will learn about sustainable living

Stimulus Material:

The article headline will surprise a lot of students and get them engaged.

In groups the students could discuss how the €600 million could be spent if we avoid this fine.

They could also decide what needs to be done to reduce our emissions.

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Ireland faces fines of €600m a year from the EU for failing to meet renewable energy targets and cutting carbon emissions by 2020. New, more ambitious targets for 2030 do not let Ireland off the hook for the 2020 measures, it has emerged. A report for the Dáil Public Accounts Committee, which calculated the potential fines within two years, said they will be a matter for the European Court of Justice to impose. Irish EU Commissioner Phil Hogan said there was confusion in some quarters that the 2020 targets under the EU Renewable Energy Directive would be merged into the more ambitious targets for 2030. This would give the Government some breathing space and lessen the risk of punitive fines.

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Ireland faces annual EU energy fines of €600m - NERO Renewables

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Ireland faces fines of €600m a year from the EU for failing to meet renewable energy targets and cutting carbon emissions by 2020. New, more ambitious targets for 2030 do not let Ireland off the hook for the 2020 measures, it has emerged. A report for the Dáil Public...

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Statements of Learning

7 & 14

Learning Outcomes

1.7, 1.10, 3.3

Learning Intentions

I will learn about my rights and responsibilities as consumers, how to make informed decisions as a good consumer in relation to packaging.

I will learn about how the advances in technology have led to an increase in our carbon footprint while also making consumers conscious about their decision making to reduce our carbon footprint with the packaging we choose.

I will learn about how the changes in supply and demand in the market effect market prices.

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Product Carbon Footprints for BASF’s Portfolio

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Learning Outcomes:
2.4
Distinguish between the rights and responsibilities of the employer and employee from a legal, social, environmental and ethical perspective

Learning Intentions:
Differentiate between an employer and employee.
Distinguish between the rights and responsibilities of an employer Fromm a legal, social, environmental Andy ethical perspective.

How might you use this  stimulus material in class:
This video will introduce the topic.
Check student section prior knowledge on what employers and employees are
Have a question sheet based on the video so the students can answer questions
Students will make note of different examples from different perspectives in groups of 4. Assign students A to D.  Take one perspective each.
Ask students to discuss each of the points in their groups
Students will report back to the class on what was said in the video.
Do not tell students but which letter is reporting back to ensure they all on work on the task

Key Skills:
Gathering, recording, organising and evaluating information and data.
Using digital technology to access, manage and share content
Stimulating creatively using digital technology
Performing and presenting
Discussing and debating
Using language

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Learning outcomes
2.4,  1.9

Learning Intentions
I will learn about the rights of workers
I will learn about the responsibilities of employers.
I will compare the working rights and conditions in Ireland vs South America

In the classroom
Introduce the theory element - workers rights and responsibilities etc.

The article provided looks at workers rights and their exploitation in coffee plantations. this article also links in nicely with sustainability.

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Coffee is the most popular beverage consumed in developed countries but grown almost exclusively in the Global South.[1] There are two main varieties of coffee: Arabica and Robusta. The former (which is considered better quality) comes mostly from Latin America, Ethiopia, and Kenya; the latter from Brazil, Vietnam, and Uganda.[2] In the United States, the largest consumer of coffee worldwide, what was once an exotic luxury is now so entrenched in the culture as to be considered a staple.[3] Unfortunately, coffee is tied to a long history of colonialism and slavery,[4] and production of the crop remains a hotbed of exploitation and environmental degradation to this day.
Child Labor
Coffee farmers typically earn only 7-10% of the retail price of coffee,[5] while in Brazil, workers earn less than 2% of the retail price.[6] To earn enough to survive, many parents pull their children from school to work on the coffee plantations.[5] Child labor is widespread in coffee cultivation. When the price of coffee rises, the incentive for struggling families to withdraw their children from school and send them to work increases; at the same time, a fall in coffee prices increases poverty in regions that depend on the crop, which can also prevent children from attending school. Since higher levels of education are tied to higher income over the long term, and children from poor families are those most likely to be sent to work rather than school, child labor maintains a cycle of poverty over generations, which is why it is important for the children to go to school and for the farmers to be paid a living wage so that the amount of money they make is not based on the price of a commodity.

A study in Brazil found that child labor rates were approximately 37% higher-and school enrollment 3% lower-than average in regions where coffee is produced.[7] Children as young as six years old often work eight to 10 hours a day and are exposed to the many health and safety hazards of coffee harvesting and processing, from dangerous levels of sun exposure and injuries, to poisoning from contact with agrochemicals.[8]

During the coffee-harvesting season in Honduras, up to 40% of the workers are children.[8] Children, and women, are hired as temporary workers and are therefore paid even less than adult male workers.[8] In Kenya, for instance, these "casual" workers often only make about $12.00 a month.[4] Even though there are family farms where children might participate in light labor for part of the day, regulations against child labor do exist in coffee-producing countries, but economic pressures make authorities in these regions reluctant to enforce the law.[4]
Slavery
Many coffee workers are effectively enslaved through debt peonage, which is forced labor to repay debts. Landed elite in coffee-producing regions own large plantations where a permanent workforce is employed.[2] On these plantations, the only source for essential goods is often the estate shop run by the landowners, since workers are prevented from shopping elsewhere by their long hours of work, lack of transportation, or constraints on travelling out of the estate.[9] Since they earn less than minimum wage and must pay inflated prices at the estate shop, workers wind up with little or nothing to show for their long hours of hard physical labor-worse, they can become indebted to the plantation and are thus forced to work as payment on their debts. It is not unusual for families who are part of the permanent labor force on a plantation to work and live there for generations, sometimes being pushed into debt by the cost of renting land or interest on loans for emergency healthcare.[10] Forced labor aside, the conditions of work in coffee production are unjust and often illegal.

A study of workers in Guatemala found that the vast majority did not receive overtime pay or the employee benefits required by law, and nearly half were paid less than Guatemala's minimum wage.[10] Focus groups conducted as part of the same study revealed instances of discrimination against women, unsanitary living environments, child labor, and a lack of both legally-required health and safety initiatives and access to education.[10]

In Brazil, hundreds of workers are rescued from slave-like conditions annually.[6] In 2016, two of the world's largest coffee companies (accounting for 39% of the global coffee market), Nestlé and Jacobs Douwe Egberts, acknowledged that slave labor is a risk in their Brazilian supply of coffee.[6] Nestlé admitted they purchase coffee from two plantations with known forced labor and they cannot "fully guarantee that it has completely removed forced labour practices or human rights abuses" from their supply chain.[6]
Nonhuman Animals Exploited
One recent development of concern in the coffee trade is the practice of feeding coffee beans to animals and then using the excreted beans for consumption. Kopi luwak, for example, is a type of Indonesian coffee produced by feeding coffee beans to the Asian palm civet, a small mammal found in the jungles of Asia. It is the most expensive coffee in the world, selling for hundreds of dollars per pound.[20] A single cup can cost up to US$80.[21] Coffee producers claim the civet's digestion process improves the beans' flavor.

The popularity of so-called "civet coffee" has led to intensive farming of the animals, who are confined in cages and force-fed the beans.[23] It has been documented that many of the civets in the coffee industry have no access to clean drinking water, no ability to interact with other civets, and live in urine- and feces-soaked cages. Many are forced to stand, sleep, and sit on wire floors, which "causes sores and abrasions." "It is a constant, intense source of pain and discomfort."[21] Some civets also exhibit signs of zoochosis, "a neurotic condition among stressed animals in captivity. The signs include constant spinning, pacing and bobbing their heads."[22] Civets pay a high price for luxury coffee.

A similar process is used in the nascent practice of feeding coffee beans to elephants. Sadly, it's being carried out at a "sanctuary" in Thailand, where about 27 elephants consume beans from nearby plantations.[26] Branded as Black Ivory Coffee, this expensive brew (it's about US$50 per serving) doesn't yet have the popularity of civet coffee, and producers argue the animals are in no way harmed, but it points to a disturbing trend in animal exploitation.[24]
Environmental Impact
In a natural setting, the coffee plant grows in the understory of tropical and subtropical forests.[4] Coffee can be grown under the shade of trees or in the sun of an open field. Shade-grown coffee cultivation is beneficial for the environment in many ways, preventing soil erosion and providing a haven for species native to the often ecologically fragile and extremely biodiverse regions where coffee is grown.[11] The plants used for shade can be a source of additional income for farmers.[12] Moreover, by preventing soil erosion, shade-grown coffee decreases the amount of run-off from agricultural chemicals and reduces water consumption. The product is often considered to be of higher quality, but many coffee-roasting companies have devised ways to hide the bitterness of cheaper beans, increasing demand for inexpensive coffee. Since the yields (and therefore profits) are lower in higher-intensity forms of coffee cultivation, shade-grown coffee operations are increasingly being replaced by sun-grown ones-in some cases, coffee is abandoned altogether in favor of environmentally destructive agriculture, including razing forests into pastureland for cows[2] to feed the worldwide demand for cheap "meat."

Because sun-grown coffee production depletes the nutrients in the soil, plantations that use this method of cultivation generally only last for about 12 to 15 years before farmers need to replant this perennial crop.[12] Productivity decreases along with soil quality, so after a short span of time it becomes more economically advisable to abandon the plantation and clear a new area of land-an environmentally catastrophic model. In contrast, shade-grown coffee plantations can remain productive for more than three decades.[12] Sadly, large-scale, "technified" coffee production has completely stripped the soil of nutrients in many areas of Brazil, to the point where these lands can no longer be used for agriculture.[13] Sun-grown coffee also requires more chemical fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, and fungicides, making coffee one of the most heavily sprayed crops in the world.[12] Many pesticides banned in the EU are continued to be utilized on coffee plantations.[6] Given the levels of poverty in the areas where coffee is grown, workers are often unable to afford protective equipment that would limit their exposure; in other cases, they simply choose not to use it or are not aware that it is necessary. Many workers complain of difficulty breathing, skin rashes, and birth defects.[6]

In the production of coffee, the skin and pulp of the coffee cherry are removed and discarded. Though the waste makes excellent compost, it is more often unloaded in waterways, where it has a negative effect on water quality.[14] There are two methods for the primary processing of coffee beans: dry and wet. Dry processing is preferable from an environmental perspective as the coffee cherries are simply sorted and left to dry in the sun, while wet processing, on the other hand, involves high water use and generates wastewater.[15]
Labels on Coffee - Do They Mean What They Say?
There are a number of certifications applied to coffee that purport to ensure that the beans were produced ethically. Organic-certified coffee must be made from beans grown without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. Organic agriculture also forbids the use of genetically modified organisms, and farmers use organic fertilizers and safer alternatives to fungicides and agricultural chemicals.[16] Unfortunately, lower-intensity farming methods and the use of shade trees result in lower yields. While the environmental benefits of producing organic coffee are many, the economic advantages are few, and for farmers living in poverty, the immediate struggle to sustain a family will naturally tend to overwhelm concerns about water quality or exposure to chemicals. While certified-organic coffee is sold at a premium, the lower yields mean that farmers do not always profit in a meaningful way from obtaining the certification.[16]

A more recently developed label that appeals to consumers concerned about the environmental effects of coffee is the Rainforest Alliance certification, often found on products from large corporations like Kraft and Nestlé. Unfortunately, its standards are so low as to make the certification almost meaningless. Unlike a Fair Trade certification, the Rainforest Alliance does not guarantee a fixed price to growers, leaving them vulnerable to the rise and fall of coffee prices on the stock exchange.[17] Although the Rainforest Alliance certification does include some provisions on the use of biodiversity and agrochemicals that are used, organic cultivation is not strictly required.[18]

Fair Trade initiatives aim to provide farmers with an equitable price for their coffee and labor; however, the coffee crisis - a steep decrease in the price of coffee over the last few decades - has left many farmers in debt to their cooperatives.[19] When the additional income provided by Fair Trade is diverted toward paying off debts and shouldering rising production costs, the actual living conditions of coffee-producing families does not improve. For this reason, a Fair Trade label does not guarantee that the farmers who produced the coffee have a reasonable standard of living or better working conditions than they otherwise would. Furthermore, it should be noted that the premium charged for Fair Trade coffee does not go to coffee farmers in its entirety; rather, much of it is expended on marketing, administration, processing facilities, and labor at other levels of production.[19] Fair Trade certification, while a step in the right direction, cannot by itself resolve the inequities of the coffee industry; as Bradley R. Wilson (2010) notes, "There are broader political-economic factors outside of price that must be addressed for farmers to earn a livelihood and to overcome cycles of indebtedness."[19]

Fair Trade has also experienced some changes recently.
Recommendations
Food Empowerment Project encourages individuals to choose a vegan lifestyle, with the understanding that compassionate choices do not have to end there. Individuals can also make impactful decisions by purchasing products, such as coffee, from ethical sources, but Westerners really should begin to view coffee as a luxury, and people should consume less as part of reducing their environmental impact. Gaveau et al. (2009) found that law enforcement to reduce deforestation was helpful, but not completely effective, and concluded that "In the long run one must act to decrease incentives for coffee cultivation."[25]

If you can, work on getting more sleep versus using a stimulant such as coffee, and if you are going to buy coffee, we recommend supporting the companies below. All of the coffees recommended are shade grown except for Coop Coffee, which sources coffee grown from varying degrees of shade to more direct sunlight.
References
[1] Global Coffee Market - Forecast to Grow at a CAGR of 5% During 2017-2022 - Research and Markets. (2017, October 31). https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171031006353/en/Global-Coffee-Market-Forecast-Grow-CAGR (2/2/18)

[2] Bacon, C. (2005). Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Can Fair Trade, Organic, and Specialty Coffees Reduce Small-Scale Farmer Vulnerability in Northern Nicaragua? World Development, 33(3). 497-511.

[3] Perez, M. G. (2013, March 22). Coffee Consumption Increases in U.S., Association Survey Shows. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-22/coffee-consumption-increases-in-u-s-association-survey-shows.html (5/27/14)

[4] Rice, R. (2003). Coffee Production in a Time of Crisis: Social and Environmental Connections. SAIS Review XXIII(1). 221-245. http://cftn.ca/sites/default/files/AcademicLiterature/coffee%20production.pdf

[5] No Child for Sale. (2016, April). http://nochildforsale.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Coffee_Infographic.pdf (2/2/18)

[6] Nestlé admits slave labour risk on Brazil coffee plantations. The Guardian. (2016, March 2). https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/mar/02/nestle-admits-slave-labour-risk-on-brazil-coffee-plantations (2/2/18)

[7] Kruger, D. I. (2007). Coffee Production Effects on Child Labor and Schooling in Rural Brazil. Journal of Development Economics, 82(2), 448-463.

[8] International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour. 2004. Safety and Health Fact Sheet: Coffee. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/download.do?type=document&id=5708 (5/27/14)

[9] Kaye, M. (2008). Arrested Development: Discrimination and Slavery in the 21st Century. London: Anti- Slavery International.

http://www.antislavery.org/includes/documents/cm_docs/2009/a/arresteddevelopment.pdf (5/27/14)

[10] COVERCO. (2003). The Culture of Coffee in Guatemala. http://www.coverco.org.gt/e_coffeinguatemala.html (5/27/14)

[11] Blackman, A., et al. (2005). Deforestation and Shade Coffee in Oaxaca, Mexico: Key Research Findings. Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 39. 1-12. http://www.rff.org/RFF/documents/RFF-DP-05-39.pdf (5/27/14)

[12] Person, L. (2008). Ethics and Environment in the Coffee Sector - Linking CSR to the Consumer's Power in the Context of Sustainable Development.

http://hj.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:5391/FULLTEXT01.pdf (5/27/14)

[13] Watson, Kelly. "Deforestation, Coffee Cultivation, and Land Degradation: The Challenge of Developing a Sustainable Land Management Strategy in Brazil's Mata Atlântica Rainforest." February 5, 2001. https://www.lumes.lu.se/sites/lumes.lu.se/files/watson_kelly.pdf (3/30/18)

[14] Beyene, A., et al. (2012). The Impact of Traditional Coffee Processing on River Water Quality in Ethiopia and the Urgency of Adopting Sound Environmental Practices. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184(11): 7053-7063.

[15] Murphy, M., Dowding, T. The Coffee Bean: A Value Chain and Sustainability Initiatives Analysis. Global Business, University of Connecticut. https://global.business.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1931/2017/01/The-Coffee-Bean.pdf (4/20/18)

[16] Valkila, J. (2009). Fair Trade Organic Coffee Production in Nicaragua - Sustainable Development or a Poverty Trap? Ecological Economics. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.07.002. https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/valkila_2009_-fair-trade-organic-coffee-in-nicaragua-pdf.pdf (4/20/18)

[17] FAO Commodities and Trade Division. (2004). Voluntary Standards and Certification for Environmentally and Socially Responsible Agricultural Production and Trade. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5763e/y5763e00.htm#Contents (6/5/14)

[18] Farm Certification. (n.d.). https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/business/sas/how-certification-works/farm-certification/ (12/5/17)

[19] Wilson, B.R. (2010). Indebted to Fair Trade? Coffee and Crisis in Nicaragua. Geoforum 41(1). 84- 92.

[20] Nelson, B. (2018, January 25). The World's Most Expensive Coffee Is Actually Made with Animal Poop | Reader's Digest. https://www.rd.com/food/fun/expensive-coffee-animal-poop/ (2/2/18)

[21] Bale, R. (2016, April 29). The Disturbing Secret Behind the World's Most Expensive Coffee. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/160429-kopi-luwak-captive-civet-coffee-Indonesia/ (2/2/18)

[22] Antonio, Monica. (2016, May 15). Kopi Luwak: World's Most Expensive Coffee Leads To Animal Cruelty Against Civets. Nature World News. http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/22192/20160515/kopi-luwak-worlds-most-expensive-coffee-leads-to-animal-cruelty-against-civets.htm (2/2/18)

[23] Lynn, G., Rogers, C., "Civet cat coffee's animal cruelty secrets," BBC News, September 13, 2013. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-24034029 (2/2/18)

[24] Associated Press, "Coffee from an elephant's gut fills a $50 cup," USA Today, December 7, 2012. https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/sciencefair/2012/12/07/coffee-elephants-dung/1753385/ (2/2/18)

[25] Gaveau, D.L.A., et al. (2009). Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: effects of coffee prices, law enforcement and rural poverty. Biological Conservation 142 (3):597-605.

[26] Majendie, Adam. "World's Priciest Coffee is Hand-Picked from Elephant Dung," Bloomberg, January 26, 2017. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/photo-essays/2017-01-27/world-s-priciest-coffee-is-hand-picked-from-elephant-dung ( 5/14/18)

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Bitter Brew: The Stirring Reality of Coffee

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The view of El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve from Margarito Gurgua's farm. Margarito Gurgua is a member of Comon Yaj Noptic in Mexico. Photo Courtesy: Equal Exchange Coffee is the most popular beverage consumed in developed countries but grown almost exclusively...

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Global wage calculator: Compare your salary - CNNMoney

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Think you’re paid what you’re worth? Explore how your salary compares to the average earnings in your country, then see where your wage sits globally.

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Learning outcome 1.9

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Most times, we hate to admit it, but you can rarely find fashion and affordability together. Somehow H&M has deciphered the riddle of making it work and provides customers with runway trends at affordable prices. H&M fast fashion brand is unique for its creative marketing and fast production. With many unique marketing strategies, it is one of the leading fashion brands globally. The question then becomes 'how did H&M fast fashion brand create their business today? How did this fashion brand become so recognizable all around the world? If you're wondering about the secrets to this brand's success, you're not alone. Walk with us as we explore H&M fast fashion case study and their secrets to success.

How H&M Began

After World War II, Erling Persson decided to go on a road trip across the United States. While he was there, he noted a growing trend in the women's fashionwear category. As a businessman, he noted this opportunity and immediately started Hennes once he returned to Sweden in1947. The idea behind the fashion brand was to make designer clothing accessible to women of all classes. The fast fashion industry was just growing then, and Hennes began expanding throughout the country. In the 1960s, Hennes also noted an opportunity in the menswear market.

To gain entry into this market, Hennes acquired a hunting apparel brand called Mauritz Widforss. Due to this acquisition, a new menswear collection was born, and the brand's name became Hennes & Mauritz. Unfortunately, the name was too long, which led to its shortening as H&M. H&M has grown into the famous fashion brand in the world today. In 2019, the company had over 180,000 employees and $25 billion in sales. It also had a collection of 4500 stores scattered around the globe. The brand's net worth stands at $12.38 billion, and with Erling's son at the helm of affairs in H&M, it became one of the 100 wealthiest brands globally.

H&M Fast Fashion Case Study - The Brand's Business Model

This brand's secret to success involves different factors that separate the brand from others. These factors also give the brand a competitive advantage in the business world. As a popular go-to for a quick shopping fix, how did the H&M fast fashion brand become so successful in very few years? Keep reading to discover its secrets to success.

Fast Fashion

H&M fast fashion strategy is one of the reasons they're so successful. Although fast fashion is quite popular today, with many companies adopting it, it was utterly foreign decades ago. There was a time people had to save up for months to buy a fashion piece only on special occasions. But, of course, this was before top fashion brands made runway pieces available at an affordable price. This action opened a new clothing line and made it possible for people of all classes to afford luxury designer outfits.

More and more consumers began to turn towards Fast fashion. Luckily, H&M strategically placed itself to capitalize on this growth, and it catered to the middle class. The brand's business concept is simple and quite straightforward. The brand promises to provide fashion and quality at the best price and continues to do this. They provide clothing pieces for women, men, and children, and the latest fashion trend informs all designs. So whatever you need, from a basic piece to a prom outfit, the H&M fast fashion brand provides it at an affordable rate.

The fast-fashion strategy also ensures daily shipments of new outfits to the company's stores in over 60 different markets. This daily collection of new merchandise is one of the reasons customers keep coming back.

Brand Collaboration

Another top-secret to H&M's success is their collaboration. The brand's marketing strategy is as a luxury fashion alternative. To sell this, the brand has a yearly collection with a luxury designer house. This marketing strategy is one top feature differentiating H&M fast fashion brands from similar brands like Zara. Since H&M kicked off collaborations in 2004, it hasn't stopped. Some of the top collaborations of this brand are Versace, Karl Lagerfeld, and Balmain. To create hype for their new collaboration campaigns. They make products scarce and use their social media presence. H&M understands that when high-end fashion meets high-street prices, fashion enthusiasts tend to go crazy.

This brand also had a collaboration with Alexander Wang back in 2014. However, many would agree that their most successful collaboration remains that with Balmain. They were able the ride the waves using celebrities like the Kardashian-Jenner clan. They could keep all eyes on the campaign till the pieces came, and it was a big hit in the fashion world.

Environmental Focus

The H&M fast fashion brand also advertises as an environmentally conscious brand. The CEO Karl-Johan Persson states that the company's objective is to make fashion sustainable and sustainability fashionable. Sustainability is a growing topic that continues to gain precedence in this century. As a result, many stakeholders are becoming even more conscious of their actions on the planet. H&M is not out of the mix with their Conscious collection. With this collection, the brand pledge to make it easy for customers to choose sustainable options. Additionally, it made these sustainable collections affordable to even the average consumer.

To generate hype for the campaign of this new collection, H&M used influencers with large followings. These influencers wrote about the collection on fashion blogs and lifestyle sites. In addition, the campaign focused on teens and young adults. These influencers were crucial in generating hype for H&M's campaigns.

Short Product Life Cycle

Unlike most fashion brands, H&M's fast-fashion brand aims at creating a short product life cycle for their outfits. Most would consider it a risky strategy, but H&M executes it so well that it gives them an edge over competitors. This marketing strategy can do this in two critical areas, which we will be exploring below.

Reducing Discounted Products

A feature of H&M is that the brand doesn't have discounts. They're constantly trying to avoid this as they did with collaborations. That's where they utilize the short product life cycle strategy. It helps to create a sustainable business model for the brand. Most products are only on display for a couple of weeks, which causes customers to purchase them quickly. In addition, customers do not hold back on potential discounts because they know it's less likely there'll be one. Therefore, their customers do not want to miss out and purchase products as soon as they're in the market.

Increases Customer Traffic

Another way a short product life cycle helps the H&M fast fashion brand is by increasing customer traffic. Typically, a customer checks a fashion store once every season to see if there are new designs. That's not usually the case with fast fashion and H&M's short product life cycle. Customers are continually popping into the store so that they don't miss out on new designs. This strategy helps the brand generate more customer traffic than the average estimation. In return, this traffic also increases the brand's odds of making sales.

Strategic Store Locations

Like other fashion retailers, the H&M fast fashion brand places its stores in busy shopping districts. The aim is to get as many views as possible. Uniquely, the store placement is a form of advertising but one without a limited lifespan. Unlike other advertising routes with limited lifespans, this form lasts a lifetime. H&M has stores strategically placed in prized locations globally. Places like Fifth Avenue in New York City, Ginza in Tokyo, and even Bond Street in London features an H&M store. Additionally, this company also places stores next to high-end brands like Dior, Channel, and others. The idea behind this is to elevate the image of the brand.

Inclusive and Targeted Advertising

H&M fast fashion brand produces its advertising campaign in their Stockholm headquarters. However, the brand tasks each regional marketing team with tailoring campaigns to fit into their local markets. As a result, the brand uses models with different cultural backgrounds, looks, styles, and even ethnicity. The aim is to show the customers that the brand is all-inclusive. For example, in 2015, one of H&M's campaigns featured Mariah Idrissi, who wore a hijab for the campaign video.

This brand also uses plus-size models, amputees, and other diverse individuals. People continually praise the brand because they showcase a diverse group of people who follow their own fashion rules. H&M aims to show the customers that they can follow set fashion rules or make their own rules. Alternatively, you could choose to follow no rules at all. Research is vital with the H&M fast fashion brand. The brand puts in effort into knowing their local audience. They research local cultural taboos and then ensure that they avoid them in their local campaigns.

H&M Work Culture

The management continually improves the brand culture to fit the task culture model. This model focuses on teamwork when achieving business goals, and they accomplish this through special projects. Every team put together usually features a mix of leadership skills, efficiency, and experience. This combination is how the team can offer creative solutions and ideas. One of the company's values is the 'H&M Spirit,' which features an inclusive workplace. The work environment of H&M is continually featuring new improvements. The goal is to create a comfortable condition that features fun, integrity, and respect for their employees to thrive.

H&M believes that as they grow, so do their employees. One of the company's strategies is encouraging that employees. The company places high value on employees and believes that everyone makes a difference and is unique. The brand can build long-term relationships with suppliers and partners by emphasizing relationships. This strategy helps foster business growth while building mutual respect in the company.

Closing Thoughts

Since its creation, H&M has become one of the largest fashion retailers in the world. Almost everyone is familiar with their iconic signboards. You can find them in major shopping malls worldwide with over 4000 stores to boast of. However, most people are usually curious how the H&M fast fashion brand became the go-to place for a shopping fix. This brand also provides unique designs at an affordable price while ensuring everyone has access to sustainable clothing. While the brand's continued success continues to be a surprise to most people, this article explains the secrets to the brand's success. Although the company is known for its fast-fashion strategy that makes it one of the leading fast-fashion brands, this article explains other strategies that made H&M a huge success in recent years.

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H&M Fast Fashion Case Study - The Secrets To Success - 440 Industries

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Most times, we hate to admit it, but you can rarely find fashion and affordability together. Somehow H&M has deciphered the riddle of making it work and provides customers with runway trends at affordable prices. H&M fast fashion brand is unique for its creative marketing and fast production.

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Learning outcomes: 1.9 & 2.5

Learning Intentions: To understand the concepts of sustainable development and carbon footprint.
To examine how an Irish Business manages food waste responsibly.

Stimulus:
https://giy.ie/shows/grow-cook-eat-series-2-episode-2/
https://www.mywaste.ie/did-you-know/

How I would use it:
Show facts and figures from My Waste article. Ask students to write 3 things they found interesting, 2 things they could do to help and 1 question they have. Feedback to group. Discuss sustainable development. Ask students about ways businesses could use food waste. Show clip of Kelly’s Hotel Rosslare and how they aim to reduce food waste.

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Did you know? | Waste facts and figures | MyWaste Ireland

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Interesting facts and figures about recycling and waste. Read up and learn more about waste at www.mywaste.ie.

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Learning outcomes;

1.9 and 2.5

Learning intentions;

I will learn about consumer responsibilities

I will reflect on the impact of my shopping

I will learn about the impact businesses have on the environment through food production and packaging

Stimulus material;

Begin by laying out a variety of packaged goods on the table and ask students what is wrong with what is on the table. This will stimulate a class discussion about packaging on food.

Move on then to the above news article which students will be given a chance to read themselves and then discuss in pairs the negative impact all this packaging waste is having on the environment and what they could do to help.

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While it may be hard to find unpackaged food, opportunities to choose packaging that is less harmful to animals, people and the environment do exist.

Food Packaging Materials and Uses

Almost all food that we buy, especially processed food, comes packaged. Whether it comes from a grocery store or market, a sit-down or fast-food restaurant, an online meal delivery service or perhaps even the farmers' market, it is hard to find food that isn't artificially encased.

Types of Food Packaging

The type of packaging used depends on several factors, such as where the food is purchased, the intended use of the packaging and the timeline for consuming the product. For example:

Grocery store food is typically sold in glass, metal, plastic or paperboard containers, and often comes encased in multiple layers. Those containers are then placed into plastic or paper grocery bags.

Takeout food is often wrapped in plastic or aluminum foil, then placed into paper, plastic or Styrofoam containers, and (often) is put into paper bags and finally into plastic grocery bags. These bags may contain plastic cutlery, napkins and straws, as well.

Processed food often has multiple layers of packaging; for example, a food item might be placed in a tray, covered in paper or plastic wrap, placed into a paperboard box and then, often, covered again in plastic wrap.

Many food items that were traditionally found in glass, metal or plastic bottles or cans are now found in multilayer plastic-coated pouches or cartons.

The Trouble with Food Packaging

The trouble with food packaging begins at its creation. Each form of packaging uses a lot of resources like energy, water, chemicals, petroleum, minerals, wood and fibers to produce. Its manufacture often generates air emissions including greenhouse gases, heavy metals and particulates, as well as wastewater and/or sludge containing toxic contaminants.

Glass Manufacturing

Aluminum Production

Aluminum production is the result of mined bauxite that is smelted into alumina. This energy-intensive process uses a lot of water and creates a toxic sludge that is caustic and may contain radioactive elements or heavy metals, making its management complicated. Emissions include greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide, dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and wastewater.

Paper/Paperboard Manufacturing

The paper and paperboard industry use wood that is milled into pulp using either mechanical or chemical processes. It also uses plant fibers like cotton, linen and hemp, as well as grasses like straw, wheat and kenaf (an African fiber plant). The manufacturing process can create air and water emissions. Mills use a lot of energy and water; in the past, this produced large volumes of toxic wastewater. Now much of the water is recycled and modern processes in some mills produce no liquid effluents. Primary air emissions include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and particulates.

Plastics Production

Plastics manufacturing is responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the US - as much as one percent. Other air emissions from plastics production include nitrous oxides, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride.

Water and Land Pollution from Food Packaging

The severe impacts of plastic on the environment are not limited to ocean pollution, however. One study estimated that one third of all discarded plastic ends up in soil or in freshwater. Some scientists believe that microplastic (plastics less than five millimeters) pollution in soils around the world is an even more severe problem than microplastic plastic pollution in our oceans - an estimated four to 23 times more severe, depending on the environment. Microplastics in soil have a number of detrimental effects, including impacting the behavior of soil fauna like earthworms and carrying disease.

The Impact of Food Packaging on Birds and Marine Mammals

Air Pollution from Food Packaging

Food packaging waste that isn't recycled or composted is typically landfilled or incinerated. While both options have benefits for waste management, they both produce air emissions, including greenhouse gases. Landfills emit ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and incinerators can emit mercury, lead, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxides, nitrous oxides and particulates.

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The Environmental Impact of Food Packaging

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While it may be hard to find unpackaged food, opportunities to choose packaging that is less harmful to animals, people and the environment do exist. Almost all food that we buy, especially processed food, comes packaged.

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Learning Outcomes
1.9 & 1.10

Learning Intentions

I will be able to reflect on the amount of food we waste in the country but also how much I waste individually.

I will be able to come up with ideas to prevent food waste.

I will analyse facts and figures to find out how much this is actually costing us individually and as a government.

How you might use this stimulus material

I would get students to work in groups and make a list of the food they waste in a day or a week. Then we could estimate the amount the class might waste.

Also in the groups i would get them to try and come up with innovative ways to stop food waste like in the video

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Food-waste, which connects consumers with surplus food from local businesses, launched in Ireland

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Learning intentions

I will learn about the impact of consumer choices on the world around me

I will learn more about meeting my current needs without damaging resources for future generations

I will learn about social enterprises that help businesses to avoid food waste by transporting it to those in need

I will understand how social entrepreneurs put people and the community first, ahead of profit.

Stimulus material
https://youtu.be/qUQTSJIs8qQ

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Learning Outcomes

2.5

Learning Intensions

How do my shopping choices affect others?

How can I become a more responsible consumer?

How you might use the above stimulus material in your class

1. This video provides a great insight into the consequences of the decision we make as consumers every day.

2. Support questions to the video will be supplied in the form of an online quiz to focus students while watching

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How climate change is fueling natural disasters around the globe

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Workers Rights - Working conditions and pay 

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Workers Rights - Working conditions and pay 

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Learning Outcomes:
2.4 Distinguish between the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees from a legal , social and ethical perspective.

Learning Intentions:
- I will understand the terms economic ,social and ethical.
- I will learn about my rights as an employee with regards my pay , working conditions and treatment.
- I will know the minimum wage rates in Ireland.
- I will investigate a business who has not acted in an ethical , legal or environmental way.

How might you use this stimulus material in class ? :
- Using placemats allow the students to read through the article and brainstorm how the company has not acted in an ethical way.
- Show students the boohoo website and mission statement.
- Class debate on the view of lost cost fashion after reading the article. (introducing the idea of fast fashion).
- Homework : Researching a fashion company of your choice and decide if or how they act in a ethical and environmental way towards employees.

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The latest headlines in your inbox twice a day Monday - Friday plus breaking news updates

Fashion retailer Boohoo is facing a modern slavery probe after workers in Leicester garment factories linked to the company were found to have been paid less than half the minimum wage, according to an undercover report.

Shares in the firm plunged by 14 per cent in trading on Monday as investors and traders digested the report from The Sunday Times, which alleged workers making clothes destined for Boohoo were being paid as little as £3.50 an hour.

The report said the factory, which displayed Jaswal Fashions signage, was also operating last week during the local coronavirus lockdown in Leicester, without additional health measures in place. In response to the report, Boohoo said that it will not hesitate to end relationships with suppliers who fail to act within its code of conduct.

Leicester and parts of the surrounding area have been placed back into a local lockdown following a spike of Covid-19 cases.

Here's what you need to know about the controversy:

What are the modern slavery claims being made?

The Sunday Times reported allegations that workers in Leicester's Jaswal Fashions factory making clothes for Boohoo brand Nasty Gal were being paid as little as £3.50 an hour and operating without social distancing measures in place.

An undercover reporter for the paper, who got a job at Jaswal Fashions, was told to expect pay of between £3.50 and £4.00 an hour. The minimum wage in Britain for those aged 25 and over is £8.72.

It was reported that few workers at the factory - which was operating during the localised lockdown in Leicester - were wearing face masks and there was no evidence that social distancing measures had been rolled out.

The Sunday Times report came as the National Crime Agency (NCA) confirmed it was investigating Leicester's garment factories over allegations of exploitation, although it did not comment on The Sunday Times report specifically.

An NCA spokesman said: "Within the last few days NCA officers, along with Leicestershire Police and other partner agencies, attended a number of business premises in the Leicester area to assess concerns of modern slavery and human trafficking."

Home Secretary Priti Patel meanwhile branded alleged exploitation in the city's clothing factories as "appalling".

"I will not tolerate sick criminals forcing innocent people into slave labour and a life of exploitation," she said.

"Let this be a warning to those who are exploiting people in sweatshops like these for their own commercial gain.

"This is just the start. What you are doing is illegal, it will not be tolerated and we are coming after you."

The controversy sparked by The Sunday Times report came after a study published last week by campaign group Labour Behind the Label alleged that some of Leicester's garment factories remained open throughout the Covid-19 lockdown, with employees ordered to continue working even when they were sick.

The group said it had discovered "shameful" disregard for worker safety by the factories and the major UK brands operating in the area.

Labour Behind the Label said the majority of the reports it had received were linked to suppliers producing for Boohoo, which it claimed accounts for almost 75-80 per cent of production in the city, and sister brands including PrettyLittleThing.

Responding to the Labour Behind the Label report, Boohoo told the Evening Standard in a statement at the time that it had "invested heavily to ensure that we meet all the guidance relating to self-isolation, social distancing and hygiene standards to ensure that every boohoo workplace is Covid-19 safe".

"We do not condone any supplier that disregards the very clear guidance on supporting those affected by Covid-19 or that abuses the economic support provided by the Government and we will immediately investigate the claims made in this report and will not hesitate in taking action to address any issues that are found," it added.

But the company also denounced swathes of the report as "wholly inaccurate", saying much of the information presented by Labour Behind the Label was not "factually correct".

"It is disappointing that much of the data quoted in this report is wholly inaccurate, for example, we do not and will not work with any supplier who cannot provide evidence that they pay at least the national minimum wage," it said.

Where are there sweatshops in the UK?

Leicester is the UK's largest clothing manufacturing hub and is reportedly home to about a third of the industry nationwide.

The city and its factories have however for years attracted the attention of labour rights groups amid concerns workers are exploited, underpaid and made to work in unsafe conditions.

Health Secretary Matt Hancock said over the weekend that he was "very worried about the employment practices in some factories" in the city, which is currently under lockdown amid a surge of local Covid-19 cases.

Mr Hancock told Sky's Sophy Ridge On Sunday programme that "very significant fines" can be handed out, or businesses shut down, if employment laws and Government workplace safety guidance were found to have been breached.

What is the law around slave labour in the UK?

The Government defines modern slavery as a "human rights violation" which it says "has severe consequences for the health and wellbeing of survivors".

"It is an exploitative crime that impacts on physical and mental health and has public health implications," a 2017 research paper said.

According to non-governmental organisation Anti-Slavery International, modern slavery is "present in every single area of the UK".

The number of people identified as victims of modern slavery has been rising year on year, the NGO says, with over 10,000 people referred to authorities in 2019.

The real number of people trapped in slavery is however estimated to be much higher, it warns.

What has Boohoo said about the report?

Boohoo, which has experienced a surge sales during the Covid-19 crisis, on Monday said it will investigate alleged illegal practices at a supplier in the wake of the explosive report by The Sunday Times.

The fast-fashion retailer also pledged to end relationships with any supplier it finds to have broken its code of conduct.

In a statement shared with the Evening Standard, Boohoo said: "We will not hesitate to immediately terminate relationships with any supplier who is found not to be acting within both the letter and spirit of our supplier code of conduct.

"This includes very clear expectations on transparency about second tier suppliers."

Boohoo also said it was "very grateful" for the Sunday Times for highlighting the alleged conditions at the factory, saying these were "totally unacceptable and fall woefully short of any standards acceptable in any workplace".

"Our investigations have shown that Jaswal Fashions is not a declared supplier, and is no longer trading as a garment manufacturer," the company's statement said.

"It therefore appears that a different company is using Jaswal's former premises and we are currently trying to establish the identity of this company.

"We are taking immediate action to thoroughly investigate how our garments were in their hands, and we will ensure that our suppliers immediately cease working with this company."

Nasty Gal had earlier told the Sunday Times that the company would investigate the claims but said the factory are not a "direct supplier".

It said: "Nasty Gal does not allow any of its suppliers to pay less than the minimum wage and has a zero-tolerance approach to incidences of modern slavery.

"We have terminated relationships with suppliers where evidence of noncompliance with our strict code of conduct is found.

"We will take immediate steps to fully investigate the allegations raised and if the allegations are substantiated we will ensure that our suppliers immediately cease working with Jaswal Fashions."

Market analysts at Liberum meanwhile said they believed the response from Boohoo "does not go far enough".

The brokerage said: "The statement only really speaks of investigating the particular factory in question and raises the question of how many other breaches management is potentially unaware of.

"The rest of the statement speaks of procedures and checks that management has already put in place, which if the allegations are true, have clearly not been robust enough to stop significant breaches happening.

"With an investigation requested by the Home Secretary into the matter, we think Boohoo had an opportunity to show leadership and get ahead of these allegations, and this statement will do little to convince stakeholders."
The Evening Standard was unable to reach Jaswal Fashions for comment.

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Boohoo supplier facing down modern slavery reports

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Fashion retailer Boohoo is facing a modern slavery probe after workers in Leicester garment factories linked to the company were found to have been paid less than half the minimum wage, according to an undercover report.

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LO

1.9 1.10 3.6

LI

1. Understand what information needs to be on food labels

2. Comply at the health and safety requirements

3. Be aware of both social/ environmental aspect of packaging and be able to identify different logo e.g. fairtrade / guaranteed Irish

Resources

Concrete objects - compare and contrast between sustainable and non sustainable packaging e.g. McDs

Mcdonalds Video Link above

Sustainable packaging 2022: https://packhelp.com/sustainable-packaging/

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McDonald's is going green with paper packaging

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Learning Outcome

3.10

Learning Intentions:

Appreciate the need for sustainable development

Learn how Society and Government can influence the impact of business on the environment

How might you use this stimulus material in class?

The students are given the questions to read before they are shown the video.

The video is shown , the students get the opportunity to answer the questions as individuals, they are then asked to share the information with their partner.

Answers can be submitted orally to stimulate class discussion and provide suggestions for climate action projects .

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UNited for Climate Justice. Speech by President Mary Robinson

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Learning Outcomes:
1.9 & 1.10

Learning Intentions:
- To increase students awareness about how Amazon promotes sustainability through it's packaging of goods.
- The packaging team of Amazon and how Amazon drives changes in promoting sustainability.

How one might use this stimulus material in class:
- This video offers an exclusive insight into a world renowned organization and how they package their products in an environmentally friendly manner.
- The explanation and justification behind the packaging of particular item's.
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I will learn how businesses can be sustainable

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Learning Outcomes: 1.9 & 2.5

Learning Intentions
I will learn about consumer responsibilities when purchasing.
I will investigate the impact of social enterprises on communities.

How I would use the stimulus material in class:
Worksheet to be completed by each pupil and then discuss why Food Cloud was started, different ways the business donates food through an app and warehouses and get their own opinion on whether the advantages and disadvantages of the business.

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What is FoodCloud? Meet founders Iseult and Aoibheann

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Origin Green - Sustainable Food Production on Vimeo

Learning Outcomes
3.3  Evaluate how changes in the supply and demand of goods and services in different markets can affect prices

Learning Intentions
I will define the term 'sustainable food production'

I will develop ideas on why Ireland suited to the production of food products

I will reflect on my own decisions when purchasing food products and what countries they come from

How might you use this stimulus material in class?
I would ask students to do a think, pair share for sustainable food production

I would then play a video relating to Ireland and ask students to develop ideas on why Ireland is well suited to sus. food prod..

Show images of products from various countries and the distance (food miles) it takes for each to come to Ireland in a table

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Learning Outcomes
1.7 1.9 2.5

Learning Intentions

I will challenge my views on consumerism and my actions as a consumer

I will reflect upon the social, environmental and economical impacts of my consumerism

I will learn about the roles and responsibilities of businesses on the three pillars of sustainability from a fast fashion perspective

How might you use this stimulus in the classroom?

This documentary is quite long (approx 90 mins), but well worth a watch and narrowing down into specific clips to suit class group and plans

It discusses all elements of this padlet in great detail from a fast fashion perspective - consumers, employers, employees, governments

Worksheet resources available here: https://www.eslprintables.com/cinema_and_television/movies/films/Documentary_The_True_Cost_Wo_970558/

https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/  - students can search brands they use and evaluate how ethical these brands are through this website

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Brand Focus: Saltwater Brewery
USP: Saltwater Brewery has created edible beer rings made of barley and wheat, bi-products from the beer production process in order to reduce the impact of packaging on sea life.

Learning Outcomes:

1.9

2.5

3.2

3.7

Learning Intentions:

Students will reflect on the role of the financial enterprise in society, specifically their role in engaging in sustainable production processes, by focusing explicitly on packaging.

Students will identify the target market for this product (i.e surfers, fishermen, environmentalists, sea-lovers)

Students will further appreciate the role of the entrepreneur in society by brainstorming key skills and characteristics endorsed by the CEO of Saltwater Brewery.

Students will evaluate their own consumer choices by drawing on their prior, experiential knowledge of packaging associated with brands and products they use in their daily lives.

Students will then evaluate how their own choices impact positively and negatively on their community and the wider world.

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Saltwater Brewery "Edible Six Pack Rings"

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Learning Outcomes:
2.4
Distinguish between the rights and responsibilities of the employer and employee from a legal, social, environmental and ethical perspective
Learning Intentions:
Differentiate between an employer and employee.
Distinguish between the rights and responsibilities of an employer

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VIDEO: Nurses all over Ireland strike again today after fresh talks bid rejected

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Learning Outcomes
- 2.4

Learning Intentions
- I will learn the definition for Industrial Relations.
- I will learn about Trade Unions and how they protect employees.
- I will learn about the different types of industrial action and reasearch one recent indutrial dispute.

How might you use this stimulus in the classroom?
- Local news
- Student's may have relatives or friends they know.
- Get students to use their devices to research more about this news - finding out more about how it began etc.

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Ex-Debenhams workers end 406-day dispute and accept €3m training fund

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Workers say they were disappointed but voted for Government offer after months of pickets

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Learning Outcomes:
2.4 Distinguish between the rights and responsibilities of employer and employee from a legal, social, environmental and ethical perspective

Learning Intentions:
List the rights and responsibilities of both employer and employee.
Debate how these can be linked to a legal, social, environmental and ethical perspective.
Conduct research on a chosen business who has acted in a legal, unethical or impacted negatively on the environment in some way

How might you use this stimulus material in class:
This video will highlight real life working conditions of a well known brand.
It can act as a starting point of discussion of what is wrong within the video, how it be resolved, what can be done to ensure it doesn't happen again.

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'Conspiracy of silence' around slave-like conditions in Leicester

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Learner Outcomes
1.9 & 2.5

Learner Intentions
- I will learn how much food waste is created in Ireland daily
- I will explore ways to reduce this
- I will identify ways this surplus food can be use to benefit others

Stimulus Material
Food Cloud Video - youtube

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What is FoodCloud? Meet founders Iseult and Aoibheann

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Learning Outcomes

1.1, 1.7, 1.9, 1.10

Learning intentions

learn about consumer responsibility

Reflect on students own purchasing habits

learn about impact of transporting goods

Learning experience

Use youtube clip of globalisation and containerisation as a hook at the start of class

Placemat a list of needs and wants in groups

Discuss priorities of needs and wants in groups using a ranking ladder

Identify relevant SDG's applicable to topic using walking debate. Link knowledge to cross curricular  of EVERGIVEN geography Suez canal, SDG's and CSPE.

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How containerization shaped the modern world

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Learning Outcomes:
1.1 & 1.2

Learning Intention's:
- Students will become more informed about the importance and effect of buying sustainable goods for our environment.
- Students will be more responsible and have a better understanding about the wastage in the fashion industry.

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Learning Outcome 1.9

Learning Intentions

·      Understand the concept of Fair Trade

·      Discuss companies that have unethical practices

How I would use the stimulus material in class
Introduce the concept of fair trade using the YouTube video
Infographic on where each cent from a banana goes
Group work where each group researches a different company in the media for unethical practices and presents their findings to the class

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Tipping the balance (what is Fairtrade?)

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Inequality in Salaries - The Big Bang Theory

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Inequality in Salaries - The Big Bang Theory

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Learning Outcomes
2.3, 2.4

Learning Intentions

I will learn about employee’s rights

I will learn how inequality in the workplace can lead to industrial action

I will reflect on the impact of salary inequality

Stimulus

I will go through a newspaper article on the salary inequality between the cast members of the “The Big Bang Theory”

I will get students to think about this on their own and then work in pairs.

I will have a class discussion on this, why it may have happened, should it have been rectified sooner or rectified in another way and ask them to reflect on how they would feel in this situation.

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The five original cast members of the CBS show "The Big Bang Theory," Jim Parsons, Johnny Galecki, Kaley Cuoco, Kunal Nayyar and Simon Helberg, are some of the highest-paid comedy actors on television, and for good reason.

"The Big Bang Theory" is the number one comedy for the sought-after demographic of 18-to-49-year-olds and averages 20 million viewers per episode. According to Variety, "The show has grossed over $1 billion in syndication for Warner Bros alone."

Variety reports that the show's biggest stars, Parsons, Galecki and Cuoco, signed contracts worth $1 million per episode back in 2014. In the last contract renewal, Nayyar and Helberg caught up with them.

However, the show's two main remaining cast members, Mayim Bialik and Melissa Rauch, who play Amy Farrah Fowler and Bernadette Rostenkowski, respectively, only make around $200,000 per episode. That's despite Bialik's four consecutive Emmy nominations between 2012 and 2015.

Hoping to remedy this inequality, Bialik and Rauch's five co-stars, including actress Kaley Cuoco, have reportedly agreed to take $100,000 pay cuts. This bold commitment is putting pressure on the network to provide something close to parity for all seven members of the cast: The money given up by their co-stars could be used to raise Bialik and Rauch's wages to $450,000 per episode.

As Bialik's nominations prove, Bialik and Rauch have become integral to the show's world. Additionally, Rauch's character recently had a baby with Helberg's character. Both actresses would be sorely missed by fans if they were to leave the show, and they could use that popularity as leverage in the next round of negotiations like Emmy Rossum of Showtime's "Shameless" recently did.

The altruism of the "Big Bang Theory" cast highlights the problem of wage inequality in the television industry. But TV is hardly the only sector with a pay gap. A Glassdoor report found that media had the fifth-largest gap in compensation between men and women. The healthcare industry is the most unequal. One survey reveals that the compensation gap between female and male partners at law firms in the U.S. is a massive 44 percent.

Ideas to tackle the pervasive problem include having companies publish compensation data broken down by gender and banning negotiation altogether.

Still, while discussions of the pay gap are common, coworkers making sacrifices to make compensation fairer across the board is not. The actions of the "Big Bang Theory" cast exemplifies one way that coworkers can help each other draw attention to the issue of, and negotiate for, pay equality.

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'Big Bang Theory' stars give up $100,000 each to help actresses making 80% less

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The five original cast members of the CBS show "The Big Bang Theory," Jim Parsons, Johnny Galecki, Kaley Cuoco, Kunal Nayyar and Simon Helberg, are some of the highest-paid comedy actors on television, and for good reason. "The Big Bang Theory" is the number one comedy for the sought-after demographic of 18-to-49-year-olds and averages 20 million viewers per episode.

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Brutal life inside Thailand's sweatshops

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Learning Outcomes:

3.11

Learning Intentions:

1. I will learn about the effects of public transport on the environment

2. I will reflect on how my own transport habits affect the environment

3. I will evaluate the benefits and costs of the governments climate action goals

4. I will look at Bus Éireann's contribution to reducing carbon emissions

How might you use this stimulus in the classroom?

1. The newspaper article outlines Bus Éireann's plans. Students mainly travel to school by bus so this should be of interest to them.

2. This will aid in their understanding of the carbon emissions issue in Ireland.

3. Students will form groups and research this area with particular focus on Ireland's position.

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Bus Éireann outlines transition from diesel for urban fleet

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Company says 34 million car journeys a year are avoided by people using its services

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Learning Outcomes

1.9 Debate the ethical and sustainability issues that arise from the consumption of goods and services.

3.1  Limited Resources

Learning Intentions

I will learn the impact consumerism has on others.

I will learn about rights and responsibilities.

How might it be used in class.

This is a wonder introduction to the developmental goals.

It can be used as a discussion point through the use of a questions quadrant providing open and closed question to support student discussion

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Mary Robinson: Why climate change is a threat to human rights

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Climate change is unfair. While rich countries can fight against rising oceans and dying farm fields, poor people around the world are already having their lives upended -- and their human rights threatened -- by killer storms, starvation and the loss of their own lands.

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Learning Outcomes
1.2 Identify and classify sources of income and expenditure, compare options available to best manage financial resources, evaluating the risks associated with each option and making informed and responsible judgements.

1.9 Debate the ethical and sustainability issues that arise from their consumption of goods and services and evaluate how they can contribute to sustainable development through consumer behaviour

Learning Intentions:

Identify personal and household expenditure, investigate what purchased products are not used and where is becomes waste.

Calculate the cost of the wastage per week and year, and also the cost of getting rid of the waste.

Investigate the effects of illegal dumping, the cost to the government and to the envirnoment.

Evaluate how they can contribute to sustainable development through consumer behaviour

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Ireland produces over 1 million tonnes of food waste each year.

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Learning Outcomes
2.4 Distinguish between the rights and responsibilities of employer and employee from a legal, social, environmental and ethical perspective

Learning Intentions
I will learn about employee rights of young people in the workplace
I will understand the term Young Person

How Might I use this stimulus in the class?
I will ask the students to read this piece independently.  This will stimulate a discussion where students can compare their experiences from their part-time jobs. Students can then identify what should happen eg breaks, documents etc.

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Our website uses cookies to offer you a better browsing experience, analyse site traffic, personalise content, and serve targeted advertisements. Please visit our Cookie Policy page for more information about cookies and how we use them.

In employment terms what is meant by the words "Child" and "Young Person"?

The Protection of Young Persons (Employment) Act defines a child as "a person who is under 16 years of age or the school-leaving age, whichever is the higher"; and defines a young person as "a person who has reached 16 years of age or the school-leaving age (whichever is higher) but is less than 18 years of age".

At what age can a child or young person be employed?

In general, the Act prohibits the employment of children under 16 years. Employers may, however, take on 14 and 15 year olds, on light work -

during the school holidays, provided there is a minimum three week break from work during the summer,

part-time during the school term (over 15 years old only, and for a maximum of 8 hours in the week),

as part of an approved work experience or education programme where the work is not harmful to their safety, health or development.

Children (i.e. under 16 years of age) can also be employed in cultural, artistic, sports or advertising work which does not interfere with their attendance at school, vocational guidance or training programmes or capacity to benefit from the instruction received.

Are there limits on starting and finishing times for children or young persons?

Children under 16 years of age are not permitted to start work before 8.00 a.m. They are not allowed to work beyond 8.00 p.m. on any day.

Young persons aged 16 and 17 years are not permitted to start work before 6.00 a.m. They must finish work at 10.00 p.m. on days preceding a school day. They may work up to 11.00 p.m. on days where they have no school the next day: in such instances they must not start work before 7.00 a.m. the next day. However, it should be noted that work past 10.00 p.m. is subject to Ministerial approval by regulation.

A special Code of Practice Concerning the Employment of Young Persons in Licensed Premises is in place governing employment of 16 and 17 years olds in the Licensed trade. This must be signed by the employer, the employee and his/her parent or guardian.

How many hours can a child or young person work each day/week?

Children of 14 years of age cannot work during term-time. They may be permitted to work a maximum of 35 hours a week during school holidays, and a maximum of 40 hours a week on work experience.

Children aged 15 years can work a maximum of 8 hours a week during term-time, a maximum of 35 hours during school holidays, and up to 40 hours on work experience.

Are young persons or children entitled to special work breaks?

Under 16s must be given a 30 minute break after working 4 hours. They must be given a break of 14 hours in every 24 hours, and 2 days off in every 7.

Young persons aged 16 and 17 years must be given a 30 minute break after working 4½ hours. They are entitled to 12 hours off in every 24 hours and 2 days off in every 7 days.

What records must I keep for employees under 18 years of age?

In addition to the normal Statutory Records (see link at foot of page), you must keep the following records for children and young persons employed by you -

full name

date of birth

time work begins each day

time work finishes each day

rate of wages or salary paid per day, week, month or year, as appropriate

total amount of wages or salary paid to each person

In addition, before employing someone under 16 years of age, you must see a copy of the child's birth certificate and obtain the written permission of a parent or guardian.

You must also post up, in a suitable location accessible to staff, a copy of a Poster issued by the Workplace Relations Commission which outlines the child's or young person's rights and entitlements.

Are there specific regulations regarding participation of a child in a stage production, film or advertisement ?

Yes. In order for a child to take part in work of a cultural, sporting, artistic or advertising nature, special permission must be obtained by way of a licence issued on behalf of the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment.

Please use the link below to access full information and the required application forms.

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Employing Children and Young Persons - FAQ

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Our website uses cookies to offer you a better browsing experience, analyse site traffic, personalise content, and serve targeted advertisements. Please visit our Cookie Policy page for more information about cookies and how we use them. In employment terms what is meant by the words "Child" and "Young Person"?

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Choose 1-2 Learning outcome(s)
3.10

Identify 2-3 Learning Intentions
-Needs & Wants
-I will understand the access to education in Ireland
-To learn on a national level of access to education
-Compare access to education between a developed and developing world

Select Stimulus Material
-Youtube video and article on NASC ireland
-Taliban denies education for females
https://www.ei-ie.org/en/item/26374:afghanistan-the-taliban-regime-denies-girls-right-to-education

Outline how you might use the above stimulus material in your class

Depending on the class, this could be very sensitive.
-I would debate access to education for our students in ireland right now
-Then show youtube video
-Then I would use that to conquer and understand their knowledge
-In groups I would ask them to research developed and developing world access to education.
-Use the article above n relation to Taliban not allowing access to education.
-Walking debate for right/access to education.

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Children and young people who grow up in migrant families where one of their parents has a work permit are often granted a residency permission on 'Stamp 3' conditions. This type of residency permission means that they can't work and can't get any financial supports to access further or third level education.