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PBL IN EFL@ESABAC LICEO''PERCOTO'' - UDINE

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Learning English as a Second or Foreign Language can be easy and fun for smart motivated students like us...

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My speech (Art 5 by ilaria)

Today I’m going to be dealing with article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty

As we all know, also by listening to all the different presentations, the primary aim of the North Atlantic Treaty was to create a pact of mutual assistance to counter the risk that the Soviet Union was representing.

Article 5, one of the pillars of this paramount treaty states that:

“The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.

Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security.”

This basically provides that if a NATO Ally is the victim of an armed attack, each and every other member of the Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed attack against all members and will take the actions it deems necessary to assist the Ally attacked.

This article is complemented by Article 6, which stipulates:

Article 61

“For the purpose of Article 5, an armed attack on one or more of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack:

on the territory of any of the Parties in Europe or North America, on the Algerian Departments of France 2, on the territory of Turkey or on the Islands under the jurisdiction of any of the Parties in the North Atlantic area north of the Tropic of Cancer;

on the forces, vessels, or aircraft of any of the Parties, when in or over these territories or any other area in Europe in which occupation forces of any of the Parties were stationed on the date when the Treaty entered into force or the Mediterranean Sea or the North Atlantic area north of the Tropic of Cancer.”

With the invocation of Article 5 and 6 Allies can provide any form of assistance they deem necessary to respond to a situation.

This is an individual obligation on each Ally and each Ally is responsible for determining what it deems necessary in the particular circumstances.

This assistance is taken forward in concert with other Allies. It is not necessarily military and depends on the material resources of each country. It is therefore left to the judgment of each individual member country to determine how it will contribute.

Each country will consult with the other members, bearing in mind that the ultimate aim is to “to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area”.

At the drafting of Article 5 in the late 1940s, there was consensus on the principle of mutual assistance, but fundamental disagreement on the modalities of implementing this commitment. The European participants wanted to ensure that the United States would automatically come to their assistance should one of the signatories come under attack; the United States did not want to make such a pledge and obtained that this be reflected in the wording of Article 5.

The United States was the object of brutal terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. The Alliance's 1999 Strategic Concept had already identified terrorism as one of the risks affecting NATO’s security. The Alliance’s response to 9/11, however, saw NATO engage actively in the fight against terrorism, launch its first operations outside the Euro-Atlantic area and begin a far-reaching transformation of its capabilities.

Moreover, it led NATO to invoke Article 5 of the Treaty for the very first and only time in its history.

On the evening of 12 September 2001, less than 24 hours after the attacks, the Allies invoked the principle of Article 5. Then NATO Secretary General Lord Robertson subsequently informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the Alliance's decision.

The North Atlantic Council – NATO’s principal political decision-making body – agreed that if it determined that the attack was directed from abroad against the United States, it would be regarded as an action covered by Article 5. On 2 October, once the Council had been briefed on the results of investigations into the 9/11 attacks, it determined that they were regarded as an action covered by Article 5.

By invoking Article 5, NATO members showed their solidarity toward the United States and condemned, in the strongest possible way, the terrorist attacks against the United States.

Taking action

After 9/11, there were consultations among the Allies and collective action was decided by the Council. The United States could also carry out independent actions, consistent with its rights and obligations under the United Nations Charter.

On 4 October, once it had been determined that the attacks came from abroad, NATO agreed on a package of eight measures to support the United States.

The eight measures to support the United States, as agreed by NATO were:

to enhance intelligence-sharing and cooperation, both bilaterally and in appropriate NATO bodies, relating to the threats posed by terrorism and the actions to be taken against it;

to provide, individually or collectively, as appropriate and according to their capabilities, assistance to Allies and other countries which are or may be subject to increased terrorist threats as a result of their support for the campaign against terrorism;

to take necessary measures to provide increased security for facilities of the United States and other Allies on their territory;

to backfill selected Allied assets in NATO’s area of responsibility that are required to directly support operations against terrorism;

to provide blanket overflight clearances for the United States and other Allies’ aircraft, in accordance with the necessary air traffic arrangements and national procedures, for military flights related to operations against terrorism;

to provide access for the United States and other Allies to ports and airfields on the territory of NATO member countries for operations against terrorism, including for refuelling, in accordance with national procedures;

that the Alliance is ready to deploy elements of its Standing Naval Forces to the Eastern Mediterranean in order to provide a NATO presence and demonstrate resolve;

that the Alliance is similarly ready to deploy elements of its NATO Airborne Early Warning Force to support operations against terrorism.

Nowadays we have been hearing the fact that Vladimir Putin, the current president of Russia condemns the entrance of his neighbourhood state Ukraine inside this treaty.

Following what article 5 and 6 state, if Ukraine becomes part of the alliance, every nato me,ber should intervene.

There are plenty of opinions on whether Ukraine should be part of nato. On one hand, Some people reckon that it should be in order to give support to this country and end this war. On the other, A lot of people are are absolutely against because it would imply the beginning of the Third World War because all 30 states would have the obligation to fight against the Russian army.

Despite all the opinions, what we can surely state in order to destroy fake news and to spread awareness, is that:

1. if nato doesn’t let Ukraine enter the treaty, the members will not directly enter in the conflict

2. If Ukraine will eventually join, the assistance the countries will give will not necessarily be military

I hope you enjoyed my presentation and also learned or understood this topic better

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First of all, I decided to dig deep into this topic, because in the early days of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian soil, I have heard this word spoken many times during the TV news by NATO’ s commissioners, and I was curious to know what resilience was and why it is fundamental for NATO.

Second of all, I decided to deal with it because I wanted to know if resilience deals only with the military field or not, and in addition, what are the other fields where resilience is implied.

Third of all, because it was in my interest to know how and when NATO can ” invoke” this peculiar element.

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Second, amidst a low point for international cooperation, NATO set up a COVID-19 Task Force aimed at coordinating the delivery of medical aid across and beyond the territory of the alliance. Such actions, although performed through the means of NATO member states and relatively limited in scope, were an important testimony of the reactive capability of the alliance and of solidarity between member states.

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Second, amidst a low point for international cooperation, NATO set up a COVID-19 Task Force aimed at coordinating the delivery of medical aid across and beyond the territory of the alliance. Such actions, although performed through the means of NATO member states and relatively limited in scope, were an important testimony of the reactive capability of the alliance and of solidarity between member states.

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ISAF: NATO’S mission in Afghanistan-Viola

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ISAF: NATO’S mission in Afghanistan-Viola

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I chose to dig deep into what occurred with NATO in 2003 in Afghanistan. This mission caught immediately my attention for three main reasons:
first of all, I’ve always thought since 1945, NATO didn't intervene in other conflicts, and when I came across this mission I was quite surprised.
Secondly I was eager to search for more pieces of information about what is happening in Afghanistan, since unfortunately we have heard about this conflict for many year, and I’ve never had the opportunity to dig deep into it, moreover I desired to understand  how different forces were involved in the conflic. Lastly I wanted to be able to keep up with the future news about the critical situation of Afghanistan due to the return of Talibans.

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WHAT IS ISAF?

The InternatooSecurity Assistance Force is a NATO mission started in 2003 and ended in 2014. It was created to support the Afghan government against Talibans

WHAT WAS THE AIM?

free the county from Talibans

close the terroristic training camps

develop perfect conditions for the Afghan government

improve of socio-economic development

reinforcing security

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WHAT IS ISAF? The InternatooSecurity Assistance Force is a NATO mission started in 2003 and ended in 2014. It was created to support the Afghan government against Talibans WHAT WAS THE AIM?

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Cyber defence, a new weapon of protection-Carlotta

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Cyber defence, a new weapon of protection-Carlotta

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NATO's main focus in cyber defense is to protect its own networks (including operations and missions) and enhance resilience across the Alliance.

I decided to dig deep with CYBER DEFENCE: there are many reasons why I chose this topic such as the fact that sometimes an internet attack can be far more dangerous than a normal attack.

However, I believe that the main reason is that INTERNET is paramount for us today: in fact, internet has become one of the most vital tools for communication, information, and entertainment in today's globalized world. As of 2020, more than half of the global population is connected to the internet, and while some regions still lack the infrastructure that is needed to provide sufficient online coverage, others are seeing internet penetration rates of close to 100 percent.

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NATO: the leader of a strategic world-Alessandro

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NATO: the leader of a strategic world-Alessandro

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https://express.adobe.com/page/TOE4XOAY9LeL3/

I chose to dig deep into the strategic concepts of the NATO for three main reasons: first of all because of what it’s happening in these days, in fact I think that everyone wants to be more aware of what NATO can do.

The second main reason is that when I read all the topic in NATO’s website my attention has been captured by this topic and I wanted to do a little research about it.

Last but not least I thought it would be interesting to search and find all the NATO’s records.

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The 2010 Strategic Concept "Active Engagement, Modern Defence" is a very clear and resolute statement on NATO's core tasks and principles, its values, the evolving security environment and the Alliance's strategic objectives

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A story told with Adobe Creative Cloud Express

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I decided to dig deep into NATO Partnerships for three particular reasons.
First of all, chose this topic because in an organisation such as NATO, the partnerships are the foundation that hold everyone and everything together.
Secondly, because with the situation going on in Ukrayne at the moment, it is useful to know how the relations between countries actually work in order to better understand what is happening.
Lastly, I chose this topic because I realised that I knew very little about how the organization actually works and therefore I wanted to lern more about it.

In my reserch work, you will find the purpose and the objectives of these partnerships but more importaly you will find critical insights regarding the Ukraynian conflict.

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Science for peace and security programme NATO - Marianna 

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Science for peace and security programme NATO - Marianna 

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I have chosen to talk about this aspect of NATO for three main reasons:
first of all because I have always thought that NATO was specifically concerned with the military aspect of countries, while this project demonstrates that NATO also includes science, security and peace.

Secondly, because it is very impressive to see how the union of experts, scientists from different countries can lead to such great innovation by sharing information with each other.

And finally because I am convinced that science is increasingly fundamental for the development and growth of our society, as through new technologies it helps us to improve ourselves. https://express.adobe.com/page/rVf1iDHaBMoRi/

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I chose to deal with all the aspects of this paramount mission involving NATO, the “operation deliberate force” and hI would like to explain why I decided to go deeper on this topic.

In 1995, NATO engaged against the forces of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Firstly, I chose to deal with this operation because it is the first military action in the history of NATO, and it is one of the most challenging events in which it has been involved, also in the following years.

Furthermore, I believe that today we don't talk about it much anymore. I didn't know much information about it, so I decided to deal with it, so as to inform others who, like me, want to discover new things and aspects of NATO. To get to know NATO better, you need to know this mission, because from here everything has changed, it was no longer what it was before, and thanks to the victory in this conflict, it has been shown how much it helps us today, yesterday and tomorrow.

Finally, the last reason is a reason that deals with the theme of humanity. After decades of wars, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, once again we have seen how people have no qualms about killing each other. The bombs dropped during the Markale massacre killed hundreds of people, and even later, as NATO entered the conflict, the deaths of innocent men and women increased, demonstrating how people, during wars and conflicts, even if unrelated to the facts, they somehow end up tragically involved.

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ARTICLE 5 OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY. By Ilaria 

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ARTICLE 5 OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY. By Ilaria 

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I decided to dig deeper into article five of the North Atlantic treaty for 3 main reasons.
First of all, i find that nowadays, especially with the situation that it’s going on in Ukraine, there is a lot of disinformation on social media, on which position do the other countries have or should have inside the conflict and i wanted to clarify this aspect to my classmates just in case they still have doubts.
In addition i loved the fact that i could actually link my presentation and my research work to something current that we hear about every day.
Secondly i find that this article affects all of us, and for this reason everyone should know in which kind of context it was created (after 11th September) and why.
Last but not least, I’m firmly convinced that everyone should be aware of the consequences that the 11th September had on the United States but also on the rest of the world.

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I chose to deal with NATO Response Force (NRF) for three main reasons.

First of all, I wanted to dig deeper into the role of NATO during these harsh times of war between Russia and Ukraine.

Secondly, I focused on this topic because I appreciate the spirit of cooperation and support that links together the 28 NATO members, providing a sense of unity within the organization.

Lastly, I was extremely curious about this specific aspect of NATO because I had never done this type of research before, so I did not have much information on the subject: consequently, this was the right opportunity to learn more about something new.

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A story told with Adobe Creative Cloud Express

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UN’s initiatives to eliminate violence against women and girls by Sabrina 

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UN’s initiatives to eliminate violence against women and girls by Sabrina 

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I chose to deal with the “spotlight” initiatives of ONU to eliminate violence against women and girls for three main reasons:
Firstly, because violence against women is a serious violation of women’s Human Rights and the phenomenon does not seem to want to stop, for this reason I’m convinced we should all feel guilty for the uncontrollable spread of this issue.
Secondly, because I personally think that communities and citizens could play a central role in preventing this violence, so with my research work I want to spread awareness on this topic.
Thirdly, because I’m convinced that it could be thought provoking, discovering what UN and EU are concretely doing to stop the spread of this phenomenon that unfortunately is still current nowadays.

In my research work you will find also some remarkable data that prove how urgent it is to act promptly and protect the rights of women all over the world.
Then I dug deep into the concrete actions that ONU and EU are acting out to spread awareness and stop all the forms  of violence against women and girls.

Finally, I concluded my work with a quote that will leave you anything but unconcerned about this social evil!

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The new global, multi-year initiative embarked by European Union and United Nations to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls.
THE GLOBAL DATABASE
In 2006, UN Women established a Global Database to collect the actions taken by governments to address violence against women and girls.

Actions on the territory:

1. In Mexico, the Government is trying to strengthen process and public policy to help women to live a life free of violence.

2. In Georgia, the Government has adopted his first sexual harassment law.

3. In Kosovo was established a new centralised database for cases of domestic violence.

Actions to spread awareness:

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UN's initiatives to eliminate: Violence against women and girls

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The new global, multi-year initiative embarked by European Union and United Nations to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls. THE GLOBAL DATABASE In 2006, UN Women established a Global Database to collect the actions taken by governments to address violence against women and girls.

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NATO: ENTHUSIASM TO ENHANCE COOPERATION BETWEEN GENDERS by Elisa

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NATO: ENTHUSIASM TO ENHANCE COOPERATION BETWEEN GENDERS by Elisa

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I chose to dig deep into the role of women in the NATO for three main reasons: first of all, because women and girls have always been excluded from making meaningful decisions during tough historical times.
Subsequently, I decided to deal with women and security since during war times, females have been subjected to major impacts. Plus, women are more in danger than soldiers fighting on the battlefield.
Last but not least, I chose this delicate topic since it’s a clear sign that cooperation between men and women is the key to maintain a stable situation worldwide.

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Disability Inclusion Strategy - Martina 

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Disability Inclusion Strategy - Martina 

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I chose to deal with the UN because I personally feel more connected to its goals, rather than NATO’s goals. I am perfectly aware that both organizations are fundamental to maintain peace in our world however, I believe that the UN is a more inclusive organization, that deals with a wider range of humanitarian issues, which I am highly interested in. Moreover, I also admire the fact that the UN relies on people, allowing them to fight against issues and being active.

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A story told with Adobe Creative Cloud Express

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I chose to talk about the UN for three main reasons: that  the UN is a 'place' where the world’s nations can gather together, discuss common problems and find shared solutions.
In fact, it is an international organisation founded in 1945 and currently made up of 193 Member States.

So, the aim of this organisation is to find shared solutions that benefit all of humanity, changing the world and keeping peace; and this is the main reason why I chose to dig deep into it.

The purpose of the UN is also particularly clear in its flag, which is a symbol that carries out its work:  the emblem presents a pair of olive tree branches and a map of the world as aspirational symbols for people all over the world, for they speak to their hopes and dreams of peace and unity.

These goals are therefore moral and social (such as poverty, hunger, good health and well-being), unlike those of NATO, so this organisation touched me more deeply and seemed more interesting to me.  This year I will also be participating in a project with the United Nations in New York, so I was obviously biased.

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Step 2. Let's discover the UN: United Nations Conference on International Organization, San Francisco Conference, 1945

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Step 2. Let's discover the UN: United Nations Conference on International Organization, San Francisco Conference, 1945

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https://www.ungeneva.org/en/history/united-nations

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United Nations Conference on International Organization, San Francisco Conference, 1945

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#TheWorldWeWant is a special collection of 75 photos curated from more than 50,000 images from over 130 countries and is a creative response to the UN Secretary-General’s call to hear directly from the peoples of the world about their priorities for the future. This video, highlighting photos from the virtual exhibit #TheWorldWeWant, illustrates that we all share similar hopes and dreams for the future.

Experience the full exhibit here: https://bit.ly/34RF9q1

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#TheWorldWeWant - The world through your eyes

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There are currently 30 members

Sort alphabetically or

Albania (2009)

Belgium (1949)

Bulgaria (2004)

Canada (1949)

Croatia (2009)

Czechia (1999)

Denmark (1949)

Estonia (2004)

France (1949)

Germany (1955)

Greece (1952)

Hungary (1999)

Iceland (1949)

Italy (1949)

Latvia (2004)

Lithuania (2004)

Luxembourg (1949)

Montenegro (2017)

Netherlands (1949)

North Macedonia (2020)

Norway (1949)

Poland (1999)

Portugal (1949)

Romania (2004)

Slovakia (2004)

Slovenia (2004)

Spain (1982)

Türkiye (1952)

The United Kingdom (1949)

The United States (1949)

NATO enlargement

NATO membership is open to "any other European state in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area."

NATO also has what it calls the Membership Action Plan. It helps aspiring members prepare for membership and meet key requirements by providing practical advice and targeted assistance.

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2.1 A political and military Alliance

Security in our daily lives is key to our well-being. NATO's purpose is to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.

POLITICAL - NATO promotes democratic values and enables members to consult and cooperate on defence and security-related issues to solve problems, build trust and, in the long run, prevent conflict.

MILITARY - NATO is committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes. If diplomatic efforts fail, it has the military power to undertake crisis-management operations. These are carried out under the collective defence clause of NATO's founding treaty - Article 5 of the Washington Treaty or under a United Nations mandate, alone or in cooperation with other countries and international organisations.

2.2 Collective defence

NATO is committed to the principle that an attack against one or several of its members is considered as an attack against all. This is the principle of collective defence, which is enshrined in Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.

So far, Article 5 has been invoked once - in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001.

2.3 The Transatlantic link

NATO is an alliance of countries from Europe and North America. It provides a unique link between these two continents, enabling them to consult and cooperate in the field of defence and security, and conduct multinational crisis-management operations together.

2.4 The 2022 strategic concept

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3.1 Decisions and consultations

Every day, member countries consult and take decisions on security issues at all levels and in a variety of fields.

A "NATO decision" is the expression of the collective will of all 30 member countries since all decisions are taken by consensus.

Hundreds of officials, as well as civilian and military experts, come to NATO Headquarters each day to exchange information, share ideas and help prepare decisions when needed, in cooperation with national delegations and the staff at NATO Headquarters.

3.2 Operations and missions

Kosovo

Securing the Mediterranean

Supporting the African Union

NATO takes an active role in a broad range of crisis-management operations and missions, including civil emergency operations.

NATO's crisis-management operations are carried out under Article 5 of the Washington Treaty or under a United Nations mandate.

3.3 Partnerships

40 non-member countries work with NATO on a wide range of political and security-related issues. These countries pursue dialogue and practical cooperation with the Alliance and many contribute to NATO-led operations and missions. NATO is also cooperating with a wide network of international organisations.

Partner countries do not have the same decision-making authority as member countries.

Learn more
about NATO's partnerships

3.4 Developing the means to respond to threats

NATO has always innovated and adapted itself to ensure its policies, capabilities and structures meet current and future threats, including the collective defence of its members.

NATO develops partnerships with former adversaries after the break-up of
the Soviet Union

Large-scale terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C.

NATO invokes Article 5 for the first time ever and adopts a broader approach to security

Go to NATO Declassified

Member countries

International Military Staff

Integrated Military Command Structure

View organigram

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There are currently 30 members Sort alphabetically or Albania (2009) Belgium (1949) Bulgaria (2004) Canada (1949) Croatia (2009) Czechia (1999) Denmark (1949) Estonia (2004) France (1949) Germany (1955) Greece (1952) Hungary (1999) Iceland (1949) Italy (1949) Latvia (2004) Lithuania (2004) Luxembourg (1949) Montenegro (2017) Netherlands (1949) North Macedonia (2020) Norway

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Step. 4 NATO and relations with the United Nations

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Step. 4 NATO and relations with the United Nations

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NATO and the United Nations (UN) share a commitment to maintaining international peace and security. The two organisations have been cooperating in this area since the early 1990s, in support of peace-support and crisis-management operations. The complexity of today’s security challenges has required a broader dialogue between NATO and the UN. This has led to reinforced cooperation and liaison arrangements between the staff of the two organisations, as well as UN specialised agencies.

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NATO's unique capabilities and experience can be a valuable source of support to the UN, whose peacekeepers operate in increasingly challenging and dangerous environments. NATO and UN staff have worked to build practical cooperation in this domain.

At the 2015 Leaders' Summit on Peacekeeping, the NATO Secretary General pledged to enhance support to the UN, particularly in the areas of countering improvised explosive devices (IEDs), training and preparedness, supporting the UN's efforts to deploy more rapidly, and working more closely on capacity-building in countries at risk, with both the UN and the EU. In 2020, NATO launched a defence capacity building initiative, which offers Allied expertise for peacekeeper training support in areas including countering IEDs, medical care, ICT/communications and performance evaluation. The package aims to strengthen the UN's ability to mount and sustain peacekeeping operations by enhancing operational performance and the safety and security of UN peacekeepers. As the UN reforms its approach to peace operations, NATO will continue to look for where its support can make a difference.
Counter-terrorism
The UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, international conventions and protocols against terrorism, together with relevant UN Security Council Resolutions provide the framework for NATO's efforts to combat terrorism. NATO works closely at staff and committee levels with the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (UN CTC) and its Executive Directorate, as well as with the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force and many of its component organisations. The Terrorism Prevention Branch of the UN Organisation for Drugs and Crime is also an important partner for NATO.
Non-proliferation
NATO is working closely with the UN and other international organisations to combat the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and to defend against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats.

NATO contributes to the work of the UN Security Council Committee established following the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540 (2004), which addresses the threat to international peace and security posed by the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery. Since 2004, the Alliance has organised the Annual Conference on Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation with the active participation of partner countries and international organisations.

The latest event, held in November 2020 and attended by UN Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs Izumi Nakamitsu, explored how NATO Allies and partners could support and strengthen the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), notably in view of its upcoming Review Conference.

NATO has also addressed the implementation of UNSCR 1540 at regional and sub-regional levels, including through its Science for Peace and Security Programme, and will continue to address the need for assistance of partner countries upon request.
Women, Peace and Security
NATO remains committed to the full implementation of UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security and related Resolutions, which aim to promote women's rights, increase women's participation in preventing and ending conflict, and protect women and girls from conflict-related sexual violence. In line with the policy developed by NATO Allies, together with partners in the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), significant progress has been made in implementing the goals set out in these Resolutions.

The NATO Secretary General's Special Representative for Women, Peace and Security regularly addresses the UN Security Council on the occasion of the Open Debates on Women, Peace and Security, and on conflict-related sexual violence, highlighting the work undertaken by NATO to implement the resolutions.

Building on the UNSCR 1325 framework, NATO revised its policy on Women, Peace and Security in 2018, introducing policy principles of integration, inclusiveness and integrity. NATO has engaged on a regular basis with the UN on a number of initiatives, including NATO's first Policy on Preventing and Responding to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, which was endorsed by NATO Leaders at the 2021 Brussels Summit. The two organisations have also joined efforts to draft the NATO Policy on Combating Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, to support lessons learned and good practices, and to promote the development of national action plans for NATO member countries.
Protecting children in armed conflict
NATO is committed to the implementation of UNSCR 1612 and related Resolutions on the protection of children affected by armed conflict. At the 2014 NATO Summit in Wales, NATO Leaders decided more could be done to ensure the Alliance is sufficiently prepared whenever and wherever the issue of Children and Armed Conflict is likely to be encountered. The result was the NATO policy document " The Protection of Children in Armed Conflict - Way forward".

Prepared in cooperation with the UN, the policy aims to deepen the implementation of UNSCR 1612 into NATO operations and missions. These efforts include training the Alliance's deployed troops to recognise, monitor and report violations against children and to incorporate child protection issues into NATO exercise scenarios. When it is invited to train local forces, NATO also emphasises the importance of protecting children in armed conflict.
Small arms and light weapons
NATO supports the implementation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW), adopted in July 2001 by nearly 150 countries, including all NATO member states. The Alliance also participates in UN experts' meetings and review conferences. The NATO/EAPC Ad Hoc Working Group on SALW and Mine Action provides a key forum for sharing information with organisations such as the UN to enhance coordination and avoid duplication of work. NATO's Trust Fund mechanism was established in 1999 to support partner countries in implementing provisions of the Ottawa Convention (also known as the Antipersonnel Mine Ban Convention) and now extends to areas including the disposal of ammunition, small arms and defence reform. Moreover, NATO supports nations in implementing the Arms Trade Treaty that entered into force in December 2014 through training and application of standards.

NATO has also worked closely with UN agencies to develop international standards for ammunition life-cycle management, such as the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines. NATO has published guidelines on gender mainstreaming in the area of SALW based on standards developed by the UN under the International Small Arms Control Standards and UNSCR 1325. The Alliance also strives to support regional and sub-regional efforts with the UN and partners beyond the EAPC area in managing SALW, ammunition and explosive remnants of war. In this context, NATO developed some capacities through its Science for Peace and Security Programme.
Disaster relief
NATO also cooperates with the UN in support of disaster-relief operations. Through the Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre (EADRCC),NATO coordinates consequence-management efforts with UN and other bodies and shares information on disaster assistance. All the EADRCC's tasks are performed in close cooperation with the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA), which retains the primary role in the coordination of international disaster-relief operations.

The EADRCC is a regional coordination mechanism, supporting and complementing the UN efforts. In the case of a disaster requiring international assistance, it is up to individual NATO member and partner countries to decide whether to provide assistance, based on information received from the EADRCC.

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NATO and the United Nations (UN) share a commitment to maintaining international peace and security. The two organisations have been cooperating in this area since the early 1990s, in support of peace-support and crisis-management operations. The complexity of today's security challenges has required a broader dialogue between NATO and the UN.

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Step 1. Let's discover what NATO is, why it still exists, and how it works? [2020 version]

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Step 1. Let's discover what NATO is, why it still exists, and how it works? [2020 version]

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➡️ 00:01 Why was NATO founded?
➡️ 01:05 How many member states are there?
➡️ 01:33 Why does NATO still exist?
➡️ 02:28 Who does NATO work with?
➡️ 03:05 How does NATO help manage crises?
➡️ 03:57 What are today's security challenges?
➡️ 04:59 How are decisions taken at NATO?
➡️ 05:21 Who pays for NATO?

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What is NATO, why does it still exist, and how does it work? [2020 version]

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Step 3. What do the U.N. and NATO actually do?

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Step 3. What do the U.N. and NATO actually do?