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Flowers have sweet aromas that attract butterflies and bees from far away. The bees and butterflies help pollinate flowers and the flowers provide food for the insects.

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Orchids are flowering plants that grow on trunks and branches trees. They rely on the tree for sunlight and nutrients and don't harm the tree in any manner. On the other hand, host plants gain no benefits from the orchards.

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Sea cucumbers and Emperor shrimp (Melinda, Cynthia, Rainy and Mylene) 

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Sea cucumbers and Emperor shrimp (Melinda, Cynthia, Rainy and Mylene) 

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The emperor shrimp is often seen attached to sea cucumbers where they get free protection and transport without doing anything. The shrimp get off the host cucumber to feed and attaches to another when it wants to move to a different area. The emperor shrimp is small and light to affect the movement of the cucumber. The sea cucumber does not get any benefit from the shrimp.

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Burdock plants and Animal fur- the swaggiest group alive (august, ellie, kevin and summer)

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Burdock plants and Animal fur- the swaggiest group alive (august, ellie, kevin and summer)

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The burdock plant (above) attaches seeds to animal fur or clothes to help them with reproduction. However, animals and people remail unaffected.

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Coral and Algae (Wallace, Gabin, Thomas, John)

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Coral and Algae (Wallace, Gabin, Thomas, John)

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Coral provides algae a kind of compounds they need for photo synthesis, and algae provide oxygen for the coral which allows them to remove waste

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1.Nurse plants are plants which gives protection to seedling form the weather and herbivores and give the seeds opportunity to grow .

2. Tree frogs use plants as protection in the rain forest form rain however this does not affect the plants but help frogs to keep themselves safe .

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Mycelium spreads out on top of tree roots by up-taking sugars from the tree and by providing vital minerals back to the tree, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Both benefit from their cooperation

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Ants and acacias - the swaggiest group alive (August, Ellie, Kevin, Summer)

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Ants and acacias - the swaggiest group alive (August, Ellie, Kevin, Summer)

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Ants lay their eggs on the thorns of acacias. In exchange for the protection offered by the trees, the insects protect the acacias of the herbivores.

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Flowers and Hummingbirds(Melinda, Mylene, Cynthia, Rainy)

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Flowers and Hummingbirds(Melinda, Mylene, Cynthia, Rainy)

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hummingbirds get food from the flowers (nectar) and at the same time plant get their pollen carried by hummingbirds from flower to flower. therefore hummingbird become an animal pollinator that helps flower generating.

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Humans will use trees as shade in order to protect themselves from harmful UV radiation. However, the trees gain nothing from this.

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Their seeds have long curved spines that can attach to the animals’ fur and transport them to another place. Burdock seeds are very light, so animals can’t recognize them. The seeds are not strong enough to harm animals’ skin.

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fungi and trees (marissa, simon, ace and athena)

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fungi and trees (marissa, simon, ace and athena)

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trees would have the proper nutrients it would need but fungi cant really make its own food because of the lack of chlorophyll that is found in trees and plants and not fungi, fungi would then attach themselves to trees, stealing nutrients from the plant

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Many plants have evolved different dispersal features, including curved spines. Burdock plants are mostly found along roadsides. Their seeds are equipped with long curved spines that attach to the fur of animals and are transported to other areas. Burdock seeds are incredibly light that animals barely recognize their presence while their long hooks are not strong enough to pierce the skin of animals.

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Found in Chile, this bright red parasite thrives on cacti

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The spider crab and the algae. Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor, and greenish-brown algae lives on the crabs' backs, making the crabs blend in with their environment, and unnoticeable to predators. The algae gets a good place to live, and the crab gets camouflage.

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A different form of parasitism called brood parasitism is practiced by most species of cuckoos and all cowbirds. Those birds do not build nests of their own but deposit their eggs in the nests of other species and abandon them there, with the hope that adult birds of other species will raise the abandoned young as their own. The cowbird’s parasitism does not necessarily harm the host or the host’s brood; however, the cuckoo may remove one or more host eggs to reduce the suspicion surrounding the presence of its egg, and the young cuckoo may heave the host’s eggs and nestlings from the nest.

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Spider crab and the algae (Melinda, Mylene, Cynthia, Rainy)

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Spider crab and the algae (Melinda, Mylene, Cynthia, Rainy)

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Spider crab live in a shallow area of the ocean floor, and the greenish- brown algae lives on the crab’s back so this is beneficial for the crab to hide from the predators. Also, it’s beneficial for the algae because they have a good place to live.

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Barnacles & Crabs (The swaggiest group alive: August, Ellie, Kevin, Summer)

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Barnacles & Crabs (The swaggiest group alive: August, Ellie, Kevin, Summer)

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Sacculina Carcini is a parasitic barnacle that use crabs as a host. The parasite injects its genetic information into the crab, infiltrating the circulatory system in the process. The parasite will then position itself at the womb of the crab in order to make itself visible to mates as well as to fool the crab into thinking it has eggs, making it more protective. To ensure its survival, the parasite will go so far as to even castrating (snip snip) the genitalia of male crabs, rendering them female.

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Corpse Flower (Simon, Marissa, Ace, Atena)

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Corpse Flower (Simon, Marissa, Ace, Atena)

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This flower cannot photosynthesis on its lonesome. Its nutrients is stolen from other plant's roots, mainly Tetrastigma vines.

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Scientific Name

Rafflesia arnoldii R. Br.

Common Names

Corpse Flower

Synonyms
Rafflesia titan
Scientific Classification

Flower

Color: Reddish-brown
Bloom Time: Flowers can appear at any time, though blooms tend to be slightly more frequent between November and January

Description

Rafflesia arnoldii is a flowering plant noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth. The flower grows up to 3.3 feet (1 m) in diameter. It emerges from a huge cabbage-like, maroon or magenta bud up to 12 inches (30 cm) wide. Despite being plant, it does not photosynthesize, has no roots, has no leaves, and does not at all seem like a plant. It can only be seen outside the host plant when it is ready to reproduce. Perhaps the only part that is identifiable as distinctly plant-like is the flower, though even this is unusual since it attain massive proportions, has a reddish-brown coloration, and stink of rotting flesh. This scent attracts insects such as flies, which then pollinate the rare plant.

How to Grow and Care

The Rafflesia is in danger of extinction as the rain forest is burned and cleared for crop production and urban growth. The buds are also harvested and sold because locals believe they have medicinal properties if consumed. The plant has never been cultivated in captivity, and it only grows on the tetrastigma vine, so its survival is seriously threatened.

Pollination is rare because most locations contain only male flowers or female flowers. For pollination to occur, the fly must land on the male flower and then take the pollen to the female flower. If pollination occurs, the flower produces a globular, smooth-skinned fruit measuring up to 5 inches (13 cm) in diameter. It contains thousands of seeds. Birds and squirrels enjoy eating the fruit and help to spread the Rafflesia seeds through their eliminations.

See more at Rafflesia The World's Largest Bloom.

Origin

It is endemic to the rainforests of Sumatra and possibly Borneo.

Links

BACK TO genus Rafflesia
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Scientific Name Rafflesia arnoldii R. Br. Common Names Corpse Flower Synonyms Rafflesia titan Scientific Classification Flower Color: Reddish-brown Bloom Time: Flowers can appear at any time, though blooms tend to be slightly more frequent between November and January Description Rafflesia arnoldii is a flowering plant noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth.

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the swaggiest group alive (August, Ellie, Kevin, Summer)

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the swaggiest group alive (August, Ellie, Kevin, Summer)

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fig and wasps
Adult female fig wasps pollinate the flowers of fig plants while laying their eggs inside the specialized inflorescences of the plant.

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Cuscuta (dodder) and Autotrophic Plants 

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Cuscuta (dodder) and Autotrophic Plants 

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cuscuta, often known as dodders, are stem parasites that wrap around their host, penetrates through their stems, and sucks all of the water and carbohydrates. They mostly prey on autotrophic plants

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The coral provides the algae with a protected environment and compounds that they need for photosynthesis ; the algae produce oxygen and help the coral to remove their wastes .

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Cuscuta are stem parasites that naturally graft to their host plants to extract water and nutrients; multiple hosts are often parasitized by one or more Cuscuta plants simultaneously, forming plant clusters.

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When Crocodile wants to floss, he can floss his teeth by opening his mouth. When he opens his mouth, Egyptian Plover sits on his mouth and eats the food stuck in his teeth. This can be a good example of Mutualism, Nile Crocodile provide food to Egyptian Plover while Egyptian Plover provide flossing to the Nile Crocodile.

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Bats and pitcher plants
The bats can rest and hide in these plants, and the plants get nutrients from the bat's poop.

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Sea Otters and Kelp (Sophie, Tim, Zoey, Dominic, Zio)

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Sea Otters and Kelp (Sophie, Tim, Zoey, Dominic, Zio)

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Sea urchins are known to lurk in kelp forests and tend to over feed. Leaving the kelp forest sparse and diminishing. However, sea otters like to feed on the urchins providing them with food while allowing the kelp forest to thrive. In addition to food, the lush and dense kelp forest provide a space for the otters to anchor themselves when rising as well as cover from predators.

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Leeches are known for sucking blood out of a animals mostly warm-blooded animals, doctors in older times used to attach leeches on to their patients to cure them

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Rihzobia Bacteria and Legumes
The bacteria helps legumes grow better, and the legumes help in the process of nitrogen fixation and give the bacteria more nutrience.

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Common name: Western Australian Christmas TreeFamily: LORANTHACEAE

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Nathab Gavin Jill TimF Nuytsia floribunda

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Nathab Gavin Jill TimF Nuytsia floribunda

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Description

Nuytsia floribunda is a fascinating plant both aesthetically and biologically. Aesthetically, this Western Australian native tree or shrub produces a dazzling display of vivid yellow/orange flowers around December, giving rise to its common name of the Western Australian Christmas Tree.

Biologically, this species is the largest parasitic plant in the world as it attaches itself to the roots of other plants and sucks their sap. The species is related to mistletoe and is more accurately known as a hemi-parasite because, though they do feed off their hosts, they can also sustain themselves through photosynthesis.

Nuytsia floribunda is found only in the south-west of Western Australia from Kalbarri National Park on the north-west coast to Cape Le Grande on the south-east coast.

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clownfish and anemones (Emma, Gamin, Iris, Kiki)

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clownfish and anemones (Emma, Gamin, Iris, Kiki)

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Clownfish can hide from predators safely inside the tentacles of anemones. Clownfish keep the anemone free of parasites and provide nutrients through their faeces. Clownfish also throw food at the anemone to drive away invaders that feed on it if they get too close. Clownfish help provide oxygen to the anemone. Clownfish's bright colors may also help attract small animal food to the anemone's reach.

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Woodpeckers and Trees (Sophie, Tim, Zoey, Dominic, and Zio)

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Woodpeckers and Trees (Sophie, Tim, Zoey, Dominic, and Zio)

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Woodpeckers and trees are a good example of neutralism. Woodpeckers depend on insects to stay alive. Which works perfectly in favor of both the woodpecker and the tree. Trees often contain dangerous parasites which could cause bad damage or even death to the tree. However, woodpeckers peck the tree to remove these harmful insects and consume them instead. Resulting in both, organisms to benefit.

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Nurse plants are larger plants that offer protection to seedlings from the weather and herbivores, giving them an opportunity to grow.

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Dwarf Mistletoe and Trees (Kiki, Iris, Emma, Gamin)

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Dwarf Mistletoe and Trees (Kiki, Iris, Emma, Gamin)

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Dwarf mistletoe is a parasitic plant where it commonly attacks the black spruce in Northern Minnesota. The dwarf Mistletoe lives within the canopy of the tree for the whole life. It is spread out be the female flowers shooting out the seeds up to 55 meters away and by other animals carrying the seeds to other tress far away. The seeds would grow a root like structure, and it will loot the nutrient and water from the insides of tree branches.

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commensalism: Alex, Ashley, Andrea ,Shelly

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commensalism: Alex, Ashley, Andrea ,Shelly

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Commensalism: Monarch butterflies and milkweed are an example of commensalism. These two organisms have a relationship in which one benefits from the other without causing harm to it. The commensal organism obtains food, shelter, locomotion, or support.

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Rose hips and birds (Alex, Andrea, Ashely, Shelly)

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Rose hips and birds (Alex, Andrea, Ashely, Shelly)

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Rose hips are the fruit of the rose plant. After the flower is pollinated and the petals fall off, the fruit enlarges as the seeds develop within them. Birds eat rose hips and scatter the seeds in their droppings. Mutualism/seed dispersal

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The senita cactus and senita moth mutualism- Jill, Gavin, Nathan, Tim 

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The senita cactus and senita moth mutualism- Jill, Gavin, Nathan, Tim 

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The senita moth is one of the few pollinators of the senita cactus, and the moth relies on the cactus as a host for reproduction. Larvae bore into flowers and consume the developing fruit and seeds inside. This obligate mutualism is similar to that of yuccas and yucca moths.

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Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship, or long-term relationship between two species, where one member, the parasite, gains benefits that come at the expense of the host member. The word parasite comes from the Latin form of the Greek word παράσιτος (parasitos), meaning “one who eats at the table of another”.

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The commensalism relationship is between species when one is benefited by the other while the other one is not benefited nor harmed. An example is tree frogs and plants, tree frogs use plants as a protection from predators.

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Epiphytic plants (which grow on other plants but are not parasitic) gain an enormous ecological benefit from living on larger plants, because they gain access to a substrate upon which to grow relatively high in the canopy. The host trees, however, are not affected in any significant way by this relationship, even in cases when they are supporting what appears to be a large population of epiphytes.

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Orchids are flowering plant families having a large group of colorful and fragrant flowers. Orchids are found in tropics or subtropics. They grow anchored on the branches of trees or shrubs. Some of the orchids are terrestrial and are found in grassland habitats. Orchids show a symbiotic relationship with trees in which they get their nutrition from them. This is a healthy relationship in which no harm is done to the trees and there is no benefit to trees from Orchids. Such a type of symbiotic relationship is called Commensalism. It is a long term association as orchids obtain their nutrients, shelter, and support from the trees. Usually, commensalism occurs between large hosts and small communal species. Such a type of symbiosis is evident between suckerfish and sharks. The suckerfish rides by staying attached to sharkskin.
Orchids are known for their scent which is frequently used in making perfumes. Orchid cultivation is done as they are considered flowers of enjoyment. Vanilla is a genus of Orchids and is used as a flavoring substance in many cuisines. Orchids also have many cultural symbolism values.
So, from the above discussion, we can conclude that the right answer is option

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Legumes are able to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia that allow to infect their roots. This leads to root nodule formation where bacteria are accommodated to convert nitrogen from the air into ammonia that the plant can use for growth.