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In 2020, scientists at Purdue University developed a new super-white acrylic paint that reflects 95.5 percent of sunlight. Since then, they've made it even whiter, with a new formula that has increased sunlight reflection to 98.1 percent, which sets the whitest paint record with Guinness World Records.

"We weren't really trying to develop the world's whitest paint," Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue professor of mechanical engineering who oversaw the research, told the New York Times. "We wanted to help with climate change, and now it's more of a crisis, and getting worse. We wanted to see if it was possible to help save energy while cooling down the Earth."

To the naked eye, it might not be apparent that you're looking at the whitest white. Because the paint scatters sunlight as it reflects it, there's no blinding effect. But while ultra-white may look similar to paint shades you might buy at Home Depot, the newly developed paint is way more effective as a cooling tool than its more light-absorbent counterparts.

What does this mean in practice? Purdue's ultra-white paint keeps surfaces cool to the touch even in the blazing heat. Compared to the air temperature at mid-afternoon, a surface painted with the whitest white can be eight degrees Fahrenheit cooler. At night, the difference is even more pronounced, at up to 19 degrees.

Painting buildings the whitest white could help offset the urban heat island effect, caused because most manmade buildings absorb more heat than natural landscapes, sending temperatures rising.

The Purdue team created their initial ultra-white paint with calcium carbonate particles. The new version-the result of six years of research testing more than 100 different materials-is made with barium sulphate. ( Vantablack, the much-vaunted "blackest black" that absorbs 99.965 percent of light, is made from carbon nanotubes, as is an even blacker black developed by MIT scientists with artist Diemut Strebe captures 99.995 percent of light.)

"We found that using barium sulfate, you can theoretically make things really, really reflective, which means that they're really, really white," Xiangyu Li, who was a student in Ruan's lab, said in a statement, noting that a higher concentration of barium sulfate particles increases reflectivity, but that adding too much makes the paint prone to cracking.

White paint has long been used in hot climates on rooftops and building exteriors to try to keep homes cool, but because traditional paints only reflect 80 percent to 90 percent of sunlight, the heat continues to rise.

With this whitest white, it's almost as if Ruan has created an air conditioner that runs on zero energy-and without the downside of emitting heat outside even as the A/C cools interiors. The air conditioning needs of a building coated with barium sulphate paint are expected to decrease by up to 40 percent.

While the whitest white paint is an effective reflector, you would need a lot of it to make a noticeable impact on Earth's temperature.

In 2019, a study in the journal found that to stop global temperatures from rising, you would need to cover one to two percent of the Earth's surface with a reflective material like the whitest white paint. That's just over half the area of the Sahara Desert.

Purdue developed the whitest white for use on rooftops, but interest in the paint has been widespread.

"I've been contacted by everyone from spacecraft manufacturers to architects to companies that make clothes and shoes," Ruan said in a statement. "They mostly had two questions: Where can I buy it, and can you make it thinner?"

In response, Ruan's team tweaked the formula to make a more lightweight version for cars.

A commercial version of whitest white won't be available for at least a year. In the meantime Ruan's lab is working with a yet-to-be-announced paint manufacturing company to make it more durable and dirt resistant, as well as to develop other colors that use ultra-white as a base, improving their reflective properties as well.

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Scientists Have Developed the Whitest White Paint Ever Made-So Reflective It Can Cool Surfaces | Artnet News

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Scientists at Purdue University have a new version of their super-white acrylic paint that reflects 98.1 percent of sunlight.

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The world’s first hologram zoo opens and it could be the future of how we see animals

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The incredible hologram experience blends augmented reality and 3D technology to create a unique visual day out for families.

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An electric flying car design, capable of driving on roads like an automobile or taking off and flying like a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft, just received the all clear to fly under experimental status from the FAA, a step on the path towards type certification.

A precursor to Alef Aeronautics' Model A-in development since 2015 and expected to go on sale for $300,000 by 2025-was awarded an experimental category special airworthiness certificate, becoming the first "true" flying car design with the legal signoff to fly from the U.S. government, according to the company.

"True" is in quotations because the FAA has awarded its blessing to similar models. Terrafugia's Transition earned special light sport aircraft (SLSA) compliance in 2021, while Samson Sky's Switchblade was cleared for flight test last July. But neither model is fully electric, and both rely on fixed-wing flight, which restricts the aircraft's takeoff to airports.

Alef's Model A, though, is designed to enable takeoff in dense urban settings. Following the Santa Clara, California-based startup's emergence from stealth in October, CEO Jim Dukhovny explained that the vehicle will primarily drive on roads but will allow users to "hop" around obstacles such as "road conditions, weather, and infrastructure."

The FAA told FLYING that it issued a special airworthiness certificate for the Armada Model Zero, a precursor to the Model A, on June 12. The agency said the signoff allows the aircraft to be used for limited, experimental purposes, such as exhibition, research, and development.

"Our flights were very limited without this certification," an Alef spokesperson told FLYING. "This certification now gives us the ability to fly in locations we need (for example, near our headquarters in Silicon Valley) and purposes we need (like exhibition, for example)."

The spokesperson added the certificate will enable Alef's first public flight demonstrations.

Alef said it has been flying full-scale Model A prototypes since 2019, following four years of research and development. That year, it demonstrated driving, vertical takeoff, and a short forward flight for investors. But the startup was heavily limited by FAA restrictions around large VTOL aircraft.

While its design was being workshopped, Alef caught the attention of Tim Draper, a venture capitalist and early investor in successful companies such as Skype, Tesla, and SpaceX (and an unsuccessful one in Theranos). Draper also provided funding for GM's driverless car arm, Cruise.

In October 2022, Draper's Associates Fund V backed Alef with $3 million in seed funding, a modest investment compared to some eVTOL titans. But the startup has since attracted other investors, including Impact Venture Capital, Bronco Ventures, and Jim Boettcher, a founding partner of Focus Ventures.

The company has also been enlisting Swedish designer Hirash Razaghi, who has worked on projects for Bugatti, Jaguar, and Infiniti, to develop the Model A's exterior since 2021.

All of these developments came to a head in October, when Alef unveiled the Model A to a crowd at Draper's entrepreneurial school in San Mateo. That press conference provided most of the information we know about the vehicle.

Duchovny told onlookers that the Model A will have a driving range of 200 sm and a flying range of 110 miles (around 95 nm), capable of carrying one passenger. Rather than a single large engine, the design places four smaller engines in the wheels. The driver's seat is in the middle, surrounded by a mesh outer layer. But the bulk of the design's infrastructure is simply air-the meshing provides breathing room for the vehicle's eight propellers, allowing it to lift off vertically.

That's when the magic supposedly happens. When transitioning from hover to forward flight, the entire vehicle rotates so that its left and right sides become upper and lower wings. The driver's seat also gyrates into position so that the driver-now a pilot-faces what was the vehicle's roof in the car configuration. Once everything is aligned, forward flight can commence.

But like any novel technology, there are many questions about the Model A's feasibility. For one, as Gartner analyst Mike Ramsey pointed out to CNBC, mass production and regulatory approvals present steep challenges for a startup that wants to travel legally both on and above public roads. And the vehicle will need to meet safety standards for both automobiles and aircraft.

For evidence of how difficult Alef's task may be, look no further than the Model A's cousin, the air taxi. Firms such as Joby and Archer Aviation have navigated the FAA's eVTOL certification process for years, held back by safety and regulatory concerns and a lack of clarity around certification requirements.

The flying car, an even more ambitious technology, will face greater scrutiny from multiple agencies within the Department of Transportation. That places Alef's 2025 launch target in jeopardy.

Knowing this, the firm's plan is to first certify the Model A in Asia or Europe, where it believes it can get in the air faster. But more questions will arise once the vehicle gets off the ground.

The biggest concern is efficiency. To be commercially viable as a car, Model A will need to at least approach the speed of a typical automobile. And Dukhovny's plan to initially certify it as a low speed vehicle-limited to speeds of just 25 mph on public roads-doesn't inspire confidence, despite his assurance the startup will eventually seek full automobile certification.

Then there's the problem of flying. While winged flying car designs like Terrafugia's Transition and Samson Sky's Switchblade are expected to take off from airports, Alef's is designed to lift off in urban settings, such as congested city streets. That presents major air traffic control challenges because U.S. skies are not yet prepared to be dominated by personal vehicles.

Still, the Model A boasts its share of proponents. In January, Alef revealed it received more than 440 preorders within months of opening presale to the public. Prospective users pay $150 to enter the preorder general queue, or $1,500 to join a priority queue. Those orders, including one by a large Hong Kong-based aviation company, would represent more than $132 million in revenue when realized, the startup said.

In addition to the Model A design, which Model Zero flight tests will support, Dukhovny said Alef is developing a four-seat, $35,000 variant called the Model Z. That version will supposedly have a range of 400 miles on the ground and 200 miles in the air, with introduction planned for 2035.

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Alef Aeronautics' Flying Car Design Awarded FAA Special Airworthiness Certificate - FLYING Magazine

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Alef's Model A is the first eVTOL flying car model to obtain a special airworthiness certificate, bringing the firm closer to its 2025 launch target.

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At Duolingo, we believe that learning a language should be fun-after all, we use language in everything from memes and group texts to music and movies. That's why we combine gamification with learning science to keep you motivated while studying a new language. We offer courses in 45 different languages, and each one brings you a new way to connect with the people and cultures you care about.

Your brain is made for learning languages, and Duolingo is made for getting you the best language education possible, all for free.

In this post, we'll show you how to start learning a language on Duolingo and give you a tour of all the learning and gamification features that help you reach your language goals.

Note: If the screens below look a little different from what you see on your phone, that's OK! We're continually testing changes and adding features.

Getting started on Duolingo

First: Download the Duolingo app on your smartphone from the App Store or Google Play Store, or head to duolingo.com and pick a language to start your learning journey. Scroll to the very bottom and select "More" to see courses for speakers of other languages-for example, we have courses in Catalan and Guarani for Spanish speakers!

You'll be asked some questions about your motivations and goals. You can always adjust your goal later, so Regular might be a good place to start!

Next you'll be asked whether you want to start from the very beginning of the course or if you already know some of the language.

If you want to learn from scratch, the first option will get you started on your very first lesson.

And if you've already studied some of the language (even if it was long ago!), you can check your level and maybe unlock some of the course!

Lessons and learning features

Our courses effectively and efficiently teach reading, listening, and speaking skills. Check out our latest research!

Our expertly-designed courses might make it feel like a game, but there is real learning science happening behind the scenes! Our learning and teaching experts use international language proficiency standards, the CEFR, to guide course creation, and we also use AI to adapt the difficulty level of your lessons based on your progress, so that you're seeing exercises at the right level for you.

The home screen is designed as a path that you'll follow step by step.

The path is organized into *units,* which cover specific learning objectives.

Units are made up of *levels,* which look like stepping stones on your path!

Levels include several *lessons.*

Our lessons use interactive exercises to get you speaking, reading, writing, and listening right from the start. As you progress along the path, you'll work through more challenging exercises and will do even more speaking and writing in the language.

We're always developing new features and methods based on learning science research in order to get you learning and using your new language. Incorporating all these tools into your daily study routine isn't just good for learning--it also makes learning fun, so you want to stick with it! Here are some of the features you might see, and if they aren't in your course just yet, we're working hard on getting them there soon!

Podcast. Our award-winning Duolingo Podcast leads learners through fascinating stories from around the world, in the language they're studying! The episodes help you understand the language with brief explanations from the narrator, and you can read along with the transcripts online.

Gamification for motivation

At Duolingo, we believe that staying motivated is one of the biggest challenges for learning a new language. In addition to creating world-class language courses to deliver great teaching, we also use gamification to help you enjoy coming back to your lessons.

Here is some of the other gamification that we use to keep you motivated:

XP. These are "experience points" that you earn whenever you complete a new lesson, read a Story, or do some practice!

Leaderboards. You can use your total XP to compare your progress with friends' and to compete against learners worldwide in our weekly Leaderboards competitions. Each week, play against others in your league-the top XP earners advance to the next league! Look out for special opportunities to earn extra XP: You might be randomly offered a more challenging lesson, and you might see special timed challenges on your Leaderboard!

Streak. Your streak is the number of days in a row you've completed a lesson, and you can see it next to the flame at the top of your screen. Be sure to go to the Shop and buy a streak freeze with your gems - that will protect your streak in case you miss a day!

Hearts. Hearts are like "lives" in video games. You need hearts to finish a lesson. Each mistake costs 1 heart, and 1 heart is restored every 5 hours. You can refill hearts with gems or with practice sessions, or if you're a Super subscriber you can learn with Unlimited Hearts.

Gems. As you complete lessons you'll earn gems (or Lingots if you're viewing Duolingo in a web browser). This currency allows you to buy items from our Shop, such as a Streak Freeze, a Timer Boost, or more Hearts!

Super Duolingo: Unlock even more

One of the ways we keep Duolingo free for everyone is by offering Super Duolingo, a paid subscription that gets learners extra perks while supporting our mission to develop the best education in the world and make it universally available. Besides helping deliver excellent language teaching to learners around the world, Super Duolingo subscribers also get:

No ads. Skip the ads the free learners see at the end of their lessons.

Unlimited hearts. Turn on unlimited hearts, so they never run out!

Personalized practice. Sharpen your language skills with special practice lessons featuring your recent mistakes, and other personalized practice sessions in the Practice Hub.

Monthly streak repair. Keep your streak intact, even if you forget to do your daily lesson.

Tips for making the most of your learning

On your mark, get set, LEARN! Once you've selected a language course, the real fun begins. Here are our top tips for learning on Duolingo:

Study a little bit each day. This makes learning more manageable, it's easier to fit studying into your schedule, and it leads to more effective learning.

Set meaningful, short-term goals. Think of personal milestones to help motivate you and allow you to measure your progress. You might want to understand most of a Mexican recipe for escabeche by the end of next month, or maybe your goal is to sing along to at least one BTS song before your birthday.

Use your lessons as a starting point. Duolingo is a great fit for all kinds of learners with all kinds of needs, so find ways to make the course work for you! Repeat sentences out loud for extra speaking practice, even the writing exercises. Keep a list or take screenshots of your favorite sentences.

Settings and personalization

Head to your profile (the person icon) and then the settings page to get the learning experience that's right for you: turn on reminders to help make studying a habit, and include speaking and listening practice in your lessons!

Free, fun, and effective language learning!

At Duolingo, we believe that the best language learning happens when you are enjoying the learning process, so we use learning science, gamification, and AI all together to build learning experiences that you want to keep coming back to!

You can start learning a new language today by downloading Duolingo!

Español: Primeros pasos: Cómo aprender idiomas en Duolingo

En Duolingo, creemos que aprender idiomas debe ser divertido. Después de todo, usamos idiomas en todas partes, desde memes o mensajes para nuestros amigos, hasta en canciones y películas. Por eso, combinamos la ludificación y la ciencia de aprendizaje para que mantengas tu motivación mientras aprendes un nuevo idioma. Ofrecemos cursos de idiomas en 39 idiomas diferentes, y cada uno de ellos te dará la oportunidad de conectarte con las personas y culturas que quieras conocer.

Tu mente está hecha para aprender idiomas y Duolingo está hecho para que recibas el mejor aprendizaje de idiomas posible, totalmente gratis. ¡Queremos ayudarte a usar tu nuevo idioma de la forma que más disfrutes!

En esta publicación te mostraremos cómo empezar a aprender un idioma en Duolingo y haremos un recorrido por las funcionalidades relacionadas con el aprendizaje y la ludificación que empleamos para que logres comunicarte en un nuevo idioma.

Tus primeros pasos en Duolingo
Lecciones y funcionalidades para aprender
Ludificación y motivación
Duolingo Plus: un plus en tu aprendizaje
Tips para aprovechar tu aprendizaje al máximo
Ajustes y personalización

Tus primeros pasos en Duolingo

Primero lo primero: descarga la app de Duolingo en tu dispositivo móvil del App Store o Google Play Store o ingresa en duolingo.com y elige el idioma que quieres empezar a aprender. Puedes desplazarte hasta el final y seleccionar "Más" para ver cursos para hablantes de otros idiomas (como por ejemplo, nuestros cursos de navajo y japonés para hablantes de inglés).

Verás algunas preguntas sobre tus motivaciones y metas de aprendizaje. Puedes cambiar tu meta en cualquier momento más adelante, así que "Normal" puede ser un buen punto de partida.

Después, se te preguntará si quieres aprender un idioma desde el principio del curso o si ya sabes algo del idioma.

Si quieres aprender desde cero, la primera opción te llevará a tu primera lección.

Si ya aprendiste algo del idioma (incluso si fue hace mucho tiempo), puedes conocer tu nivel y quizás acceder a unidades más avanzadas del curso.

Conocer tu nivel es una excelente opción, ya que te permite empezar nuevas lecciones al instante y también te da la posibilidad de regresar y repasar el contenido que te resulta más familiar. Como puedes ver aquí, siempre tendrás acceso a todo el curso.

Lecciones y funcionalidades para aprender

En Duolingo hacemos que aprender sea divertido, pero también nos tomamos muy en serio la efectividad del aprendizaje. Un estudio reciente demostró que nuestros usuarios de los cursos de español y francés que alcanzaron nuestro punto de control 5 obtuvieron los mismos resultados en lectura y comprensión auditiva que los estudiantes que cursaron cuatro semestres de clases de idiomas en una universidad.

Nuestros cursos diseñados por expertos pueden hacer que Duolingo se sienta como un juego... ¡pero tras bastidores hay una importante ciencia del aprendizaje! Nuestros expertos de aprendizaje y educación utilizan el estándar internacional para el dominio de idiomas, el MCER como una guía para la creación de cursos y lo combinan con IA para adaptar el nivel de dificultad de tus lecciones en función de tu progreso para que encuentres ejercicios adecuados para tu nivel.

Unidades. Nuestros cursos están formados por unidades, esos círculos coloridos que representan las partes del curso. Cada unidad cubre un tema particular, como Estudios o Familia, y enseña el vocabulario y la gramática que se utilizan al hablar de esos temas. Nuestro curso de inglés comienza con las unidades Saludos, Estudios y Familia.

Niveles. Cada unidad tiene cinco niveles que presentan el vocabulario y la gramática de la unidad con ejercicios cada vez más desafiantes. Cuando subes de nivel, el color de la unidad y el número en la corona pequeña cambiarán. ¡Al alcanzar el nivel 5, la unidad se volverá dorada!

Lecciones. Cada nivel contiene una cierta cantidad de lecciones que cubren el vocabulario y la gramática del tema. Cada lección presenta contenido nuevo, por lo que debes completar todas las lecciones del primer nivel para habilitar el siguiente grupo de unidades.

Nuestras lecciones usan ejercicios interactivos para que practiques hablar, leer, escribir y escuchar en otro idioma desde el comienzo. A medida que subas de nivel en cada unidad, encontrarás ejercicios más desafiantes y hablarás y escribirás más en ese idioma. ¡Esfuérzate por alcanzar el nivel 5 en cada unidad para fortalecer todo el vocabulario y la gramática que aprendiste!

Trabajamos constantemente en el desarrollo de nuevas funcionalidades y métodos basados en la investigación de las ciencias del aprendizaje para que puedas aprender y usar tu nuevo idioma. Incorporar todas estas herramientas en tu rutina diaria no es solamente útil, sino que además hace divertido tu aprendizaje y te motiva a seguir aprendiendo. Estas son algunas de las funcionalidades que podrías encontrar en tu curso. ¡Si no aparecen allí, ten la certeza de que estamos trabajando para incluirlas pronto!

Eventos. Nuestros Eventos virtuales reúnen a usuarios de todo el mundo para practicar conversaciones de una forma casual y divertida. ¡Aprende de hablantes nativos y junto a tus compañeros de Duolingo!

Podcast. El galardonado Duolingo Podcast guía a sus oyentes a través de fascinantes historias reales de todo el mundo en el idioma que están aprendiendo. Los episodios te ayudan a entender el idioma con breves explicaciones del narrador y podrás seguir el relato gracias a las transcripciones en línea.

Ludificación y motivación

En Duolingo, creemos que mantener la motivación es uno de los desafíos más grandes a la hora de aprender un nuevo idioma. Además de crear cursos de idiomas de primer nivel para ofrecer un aprendizaje de calidad, también utilizamos la ludificación para que disfrutes de completar tus lecciones y vuelvas por más.

Una de las funcionalidades más parecida a un juego en nuestros cursos son los EXP. Estos son los "puntos de experiencia" que ganas al completar una lección o un Cuento, al practicar o incluso al asistir a un Evento.

Puedes utilizar tus EXP totales para comparar tu progreso con el de tus amigos y competir con usuarios en todo el mundo en las Ligas, nuestras competencias semanales. Te enfrentarás cada semana a otros usuarios en tu división. ¡Quienes ganen más EXP pasarán a la siguiente división! Aprovecha las oportunidades especiales para ganar EXP extra: puedes recibir una lección más difícil al azar o desafíos contrarreloj en las Ligas.

También utilizamos la ludificación para que no pierdas la motivación de esta manera:

Coronas. Cada vez que completas el nivel de una unidad, recibes una corona. ¡Ve por todas! Deberás tener un número determinado de coronas para habilitar algunas funcionalidades, como Cuentos.

Racha. Tu racha es la cantidad de días seguidos que aprendiste. Puedes verla a un lado del ícono de la llama en la parte superior de la pantalla. Tu racha se extenderá cada día que completes una lección. Asegúrate de ir a la Tienda (el ícono en la esquina inferior derecha de la pantalla) y usa tus gemas para comprar un Protector de racha. ¡Protegerá tu racha si olvidas practicar un día!

Vidas. Puedes ganar vidas cuando practicas lecciones. Si respondes mal un ejercicio, perderás una vida. Si pierdes tus 5 vidas, puedes completar una lección de práctica para ganar una vida y seguir aprendiendo.

También ganarás gemas o lingots cuando aprendas y practiques. Esta moneda te permitirá comprar artículos de nuestra Tienda (el ícono en la esquina inferior derecha en tu pantalla). Puedes usarlas para hacer una apuesta de racha, para comprar Protectores de racha o para comprar un bonito atuendo para Duo, nuestro búho mascota. También puedes usar las gemas o lingots que ganaste para comprar más vidas si las pierdes todas en medio de una lección.

Duolingo Plus: un plus en tu aprendizaje

Una de las cosas que permite que Duolingo sea gratis para todos es Duolingo Plus, una suscripción pagada que le ofrece a sus usuarios beneficios adicionales mientras ayudan a apoyar nuestra misión de desarrollar la mejor educación posible a nivel mundial y hacerla accesible para todos. Además de ayudar a llevar el aprendizaje de idiomas a todas las personas del mundo, los suscriptores de Plus también reciben los siguientes beneficios:

Sin anuncios. Salta las publicidades que ven aquellos usuarios que usan la app de forma gratuita al final de sus lecciones.

Vidas ilimitadas. ¡Activa las vidas ilimitadas y no volverás a quedarte sin vidas!

Lecciones offline. Descarga un curso y podrás seguir estudiando incluso sin wifi o datos móviles.

Práctica de errores. Perfecciona tu destreza del idioma con lecciones de práctica especiales que contienen tus errores recientes. ¡Disponible en iOS y pronto en Android!

Prueba de dominio. ¡Conoce el progreso de tu aprendizaje y descubre cuánto avanzaste!

Salta unidades sin límite. Salta múltiples niveles en las unidades que ya conoces para llegar más rápido al nuevo contenido.

Un Restaurador de racha al mes. Mantén tu racha intacta, incluso si olvidaste hacer tu lección diaria.

Tips para aprovechar tu aprendizaje al máximo

Preparados, listos... ¡A APRENDER! Una vez que elijas un curso de idiomas, la verdadera diversión comienza. Estos son nuestros mejores tips para aprender con Duolingo:

Aprende un poco cada día. De esta manera, podrás manejar mejor el contenido y adaptarlo a tu cronograma. ¡Tu aprendizaje será mucho más efectivo!

Ponte metas significativas en períodos cortos de tiempo. Piensa en objetivos personales que te motiven y te permitan ver cuánto aprendes. Quizás quieras entender mejor la receta de la lasagna italiana antes de fin de mes o tal vez quieras cantar al menos una canción de Taylor Swift antes de tu cumpleaños.

Mezcla las lecciones anteriores y las más recientes mientras subes de nivel. Te recomendamos mezclar todos los días el contenido que viste tiempo atrás y el más nuevo para subir gradualmente el nivel de tus unidades. Lee más sobre esta técnica aquí. Los ejercicios de los niveles más altos se enfocan en el habla y la escritura, así que este enfoque te permite seguir avanzando al mismo tiempo que refuerzas lo que aprendiste recientemente.

Dedica tiempo a lo que más te importe. Si ya sabes algo del idioma o quieres alcanzar más rápido los niveles más altos, puedes intentar saltar una unidad o sección. Busca el ícono de llave al presionar en una unidad o selecciona el castillo en el punto de control para habilitar toda una sección.

Usa tus lecciones como punto de partida. Duolingo es ideal para todo tipo de usuarios con todo tipo de necesidades. ¡Adapta el curso a tu manera! Puedes repetir las frases de los ejercicios en voz alta (incluso las de los ejercicios escritos), puedes tomar una captura de pantalla de tus frases favoritas o también puedes repetir las lecciones más difíciles tanto como necesites.

A menudo compartimos buenos consejos para aprender y novedades acerca de nuevas funcionalidades en nuestro blog. Allí podrás encontrar elementos como este calendario lleno de actividades creativas para aprender idiomas y esta publicación que te enseña cómo mejorar tus habilidades de conversación.

Ajustes y personalización

Head to your profile (the person icon) and then the settings page to get the learning experience that's right for you: turn on reminders to help make studying a habit, and include speaking and listening practice in your lessons!

¡Un aprendizaje divertido, efectivo y gratis!

En Duolingo, creemos que se aprende mejor un idioma cuando se disfruta el proceso, así que combinamos la ciencia del aprendizaje, ludificación e IA y las utilizamos para generar una experiencia de aprendizaje a la que quieras seguir volviendo.

¡ Descarga Duolingo y empieza a aprender un idioma hoy!

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Duolingo 101: How to learn a language on Duolingo

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Take a quick tour of all of the learning and gamification features that help you reach your language goals on Duolingo!

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Blind and visually impaired children have the same hopes and dreams as any other child.

Braille is important for them to learn, to ensure that they are not socially excluded but that they have the same opportunities as their friends as their peers.

The important thing to realise about visual impairment is that no experience is the same.

Sight can even change if it's night or day.It can change in terms of lighting.Visual impairment isn't a thing.It's a spectrum of things.

I think braille's hugely relevant and hugely important and the reason why is because it's about imagining and seeing the words on your fingers but ultimately in your brain.

Learning braille gives you those skills of reading and writing which is the spelling, the punctuation, all of those things that make up literacy.

We still are heavily reliant on print and as long as society is reliant on print to tell its message then braille will still be a legitimate form of code.

Only 24% of people who are blind or have low vision are actually employed and of those most of the people who are employed actually learn braille and have braille skills.

We've been teaching braille for a very, very long time but I will say that the one thing that was missing was something that you could start with very young children.

So, normally when children learn braille, like little children, I guess they kind of learn to scribble, so they get a Perkins brailler and they punch away on the Perkins brailler, they feel little books that are brailled for them and then they may learn braille with cupcake tins and ping pong balls, there's so many ways that we learn.

But as yet there haven't been any blocks that they can learn from, so, having something that is just so similar to everybody else is just wonderful.

So, the LEGO Braille Bricks Project started by blind and visual impairment organisations reaching out to us with the idea.

At that point of time it was a pretty rough idea but nevertheless everybody can just see the idea

and really wanted to be part of making a difference.

We really quickly reached out to Blind Associations around the world to get their input and help on testing this.

Well, the first thing that went through my mind when I first saw the LEGO Braille Bricks is why didn't I think of it but that's just me.

But actually, what I really thought was "absolutely game changing".

What we quickly discovered was that actually, it would make sense for us to use the 2x4 brick and then remove the two lower studs, so, when you look at the LEGO Braille bricks, the studs are representing the different letters in the braille alphabet, numbers or symbols.

The cool thing about the LEGO Bricks is it invites inclusivity.

Other students want to be a part of this, they want to be a part of that learning experience.

The other thing it does for students is it destigmifies blindness.

A lot of people who come into braille or try to work in this field, they think they know what's right for people who are blind or visually impaired and they just make it themselves.

The LEGO Foundation involved people in the field, involved people who were blind, they did everything right in the development of the product and then not only that, they said, you know what, we can't just send this product out and then expect everybody to learn from it, we have to build this whole ecosystem of learning around it.

We realised that if we want these toolkits to be utilised by all the practitioners anywhere in the world, it has to be accompanied by a pedagogical concept, that is to say activities, and also activities that allow to develop a breadth of skills, that are so important for the child.

Learning through play is kind of the founding principle around this pedagogical concept and through the research that LEGO Foundation has done over many years we know that there are some key characteristics and some key skills developed by using play-based methods.

Our main purpose is for people to understand what we mean by learning through play, so, what is play, what is so special about play and how you can as a teacher practitioner teach braille through play with LEGO Braille Bricks.

It's a learning tool but it's also a teaching tool for all the practitioners to be able to engage in learning through play and to adopt the mindset that is required for this.

The LEGO Braille Bricks fell right into the hands of teachers, in terms of allowing them to use their professional skills and creativity to build inclusive lessons that were fun, that were engaging and got to the heart of what education at the primary level is about, which is about that numeracy and literacy.

LEGO Braille Bricks have been a real key resource that we've had in school this year.

Children learn through play and it's very difficult to play on your own with braille.

So, when we can get it into a group situation where sighted peers can join in as well, it's absolutely fantastic to see.

Two.

- Animals.

- Three animals please.

Lion, tiger, elephant.

It means that some of our sighted peers have begun to learn braille and they enjoy the activities just as much as our non-sighted learners as well.

I'm Etta and I'm six years old and I'm in Year One.

Etta doesn't need a special school, her visual impairment is kind of her only need, she doesn't have special educational needs on top of that, so, really putting her in a mainstream school was just the only way to go because it's kind of going to prepare her for a mainstream world, if you like.

So, what do you think?

J. H. F. D.

Perfect! Fantastic!

I've known Etta since she was at nursery school, she's the first braillist I have officially taught.

We've been going on the journey together.

Unless you describe everything to Etta in a room or in her world, she doesn't know it exists.

-What do you think?

-The top.

The top one, sound pretty good to me.

A lot of people think: "Oh, VI child in a mainstream classroom, how can they do the same kind of things?"

The LEGO Braille Bricks really help with that because the bricks have the print on as well, then it's easy for Etta's peers to do the same activity whatever it is.

-I'll find one.

-Oh, you want to find it yourself?

When Etta started school, her level of paper braille reading and being able to produce braille in writing on the brailler was really, really limited.

Through using the LEGO Braille Bricks every day she very, very quickly picked up all the letter formations, the dot formations and began to discern what the letters were.

Well, I started learning the easy letters and I started writing them more and more and then I got all the switchy round ones, like the D's and F's and J's and H's and all the those and they always used to catch me out.

Because of the LEGO Braille Bricks she was able to write words and use the sounds in words, differentiate between the sounds. She did really, really well.

It's because all the teachers are friendly and they make my work really fun.

There is a LEGO Braille Bricks, a website, which is full of all the activities, and instructions, and videos as well that explains how to deliver some of the sessions and the impact that those sessions can have.

There are also videos that we watch on YouTube of other professionals that are delivering sessions as well and we've uploaded some of our videos of those as well, and then there's a whole wealth of training videos, that you can access through YouTube.

There's always a place for the LEGO Braille Bricks in the lessons I teach,

I take it with me everywhere. They are so flexible and so adaptable.

We need to make sure that as much of that classroom experience is the same for blind and partially sighted kids as is for anyone else and I think that the braille LEGO Bricks fall absolutely squarely into that space.

So, we really want to have a society that is inclusive in the future and that starts now in education.

So, being able to have LEGO Braille Bricks and have learning of braille that is inclusive of others is really important, so they can see what braille's about and what it can do for everybody.

This is happening in multiple countries, so, in essence, it's not just an educational tool, we've created an educational ecosystem.

When I think about LEGO Braille Bricks, it's not just these beautiful bricks, it's this beautiful community of learning which I think is really important.

When we're out there seeing the kids use LEGO Braille Bricks in the classroom, it's just so lovely to see the smiles, and the fun, and the laughter.

We want to impact the lives of many more children, right, we want to make the world a better place for blind and visually impaired children.

That's what this is about, plain and simple.

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This post is sponsored by BabbleBoxx on behalf of Leap Frog. All opinions are my own.
Are you a parent looking to nurture your child's interest in stargazing? The Magic Adventures Telescope has recently received raving reviews and it's the perfect investment for any young astronomy enthusiast. This telescope is not only easy to handle but also delivers stunning image quality, making it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced observers. Keep reading to learn more about the Magic Adventures Telescope and why this telescope makes a terrific birthday or holiday gift!

This is a sponsored post. All opinions are my own. This post may contain affiliate links.
LeapFrog Magic Adventures Telescope Review

We were elated to receive the LeapFrog Magic Adventures Telescope as part of the Adventures in Space Babbleboxx. Our budding astronomer was beyond excited to receive a variety of space-themed items.

While the Magic Adventures Telescope was the main star, our son was thrilled to read the Sky Book and color in a space-themed Coloring Book with coloring pencils. To top off, we put the Glow in the Dark stars all over his ceiling.

The Magic Adventures Telescope is the perfect stargazing companion for beginners and experts alike. Get ready to fuel your kids' galactic curiosities!

Why this Telescope is Out of this World Amazing

When it comes to choosing the best telescope for kids, there are numerous reasons why the Magic Adventures Telescope stands out:

Quality optics

The Magic Adventures Telescope is a high-quality instrument made with precision optics that offers sharp and clear images of celestial objects. Young astronomers can focus on the moon at night or nature during the day and be amazed at what they can see with up to 110x zoom on this real telescope. If you are looking for a telescope that will provide you with crystal-clear images, then the Magic Adventures Telescope is the perfect choice.

Easy to use

Whether you are an experienced observer or a beginner, the Magic Adventures Telescope is very easy to use. It comes with an instruction manual that will help you set it up in no time. The tripod is made of strong and durable aluminum, which makes it lightweight and easy to carry to any location. The telescope is also very easy to operate with its hand-held eyepiece and easy point-and-view system. his feature allows for easy observation and encourages multiple people to simultaneously enjoy the sights captured by the telescope. The digital screen of the Magic Adventures Telescope offers a convenient viewing experience for children, eliminating the need to look through an eyepiece.

It's more than a telescope

This telescope is also a great choice for children who are just starting to explore the world of astronomy. It is a perfect starting point for kids who are fascinated by space. It is easy to set up, easy to operate and provides great quality images that your children will love. With this telescope, your children will be able to explore space, see the planets, and enjoy the night sky.

Added telescope features
Explore Mode
Children can also take advantage of the 100+ amazing videos and images, courtesy of NASA and the European Space Agency. Deepen your child's space knowledge by exploring the solar system, star life cycles, constellations, and more.

Children can also take advantage of the 100+ amazing videos and images, courtesy of NASA and the European Space Agency. Deepen your child's space knowledge by exploring the solar system, star life cycles, constellations, and more.
Games
My son loved the Robot Reboot! Adventure Game! Simply steer your spacecraft to each location in our solar system.
Cosmic Quiz
Kids can listen to the questions regarding space and choose the correct picture or sequence of pictures.

Affordable

Compared to other high-quality telescopes in the market, the Magic Adventures Telescope is a very affordable option. It is a great investment for anyone who wants to explore space without breaking the bank. With this telescope, you can have the same experience as with other high-end telescopes, but at a much lower cost.

Shop Now

Get ready for guaranteed fun while learning about space! Shop the Magic Adventures Telescope at Amazon.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Magic Adventures Telescope is a great investment for any child who wants to explore the night sky without breaking the bank. This telescope is easy to use, produces sharp and clear images, and is perfect for both beginners and experienced observers. It is a great choice for children who are just starting to explore the world of astronomy. If you are looking for a high-quality telescope that will not disappoint you, go for the Magic Adventures Telescope. It is an investment that will last you a lifetime of stargazing adventures.

Looking for more gift ideas for kids?
Make sure to follow us on Instagram and for the best gift ideas that kids of all ages love!

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LeapFrog Magic Adventures Telescope Review

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Read our Magic Adventures Telescope review - it's the perfect stargazing companion for kids of all ages. Get ready for stargazing adventures!

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FireScout | Wildfire Detection that Never Sleeps

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Sundance, UT - In a groundbreaking move towards enhanced fire protection and property preservation, AX, a leader in cutting-edge technology solutions, has successfully partnered with Mighty Fire Breaker in order to provide a full-scale product demonstration for the ...

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The Story Behind the Name

MOXIE is a short, snappy name for a tool that helps lead to human footprints on Mars. It helps humans explore Mars by making OXygen. It works " In situ" (in place) on the Red Planet, and is an E xperiment."

"Moxie" can also be a personality trait. Someone with moxie is considered bold and adventurous, hardy and spirited! No one is sure, but the word may trace back to Native American place names for "dark water." In the late 1800s, people drank "Moxie," a tonic and later a soft drink. Because the drink claimed health benefits, people began using moxie to mean vitality and endurance. It surely endures in American vocabulary today! You can still drink Moxie in some old-time, nostalgic soda-pop shops today.

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mars oxygen in-situ resource utilization experiment

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Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)

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The Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment is better known as MOXIE. NASA is preparing for human exploration of Mars, and MOXIE will demonstrate a way that future explorers might produce oxygen from the Martian atmosphere for propellant and for breathing.