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How the Jacksonian Era shaped the United States...

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How the Jacksonian Era shaped the United States...

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During the Jacksonian Era in the United States, when the laboring man got the right to vote, there were many social reform movements such as temperance, abolition, and the labor movement. As a result of these movements women came together and learned how to organize and persuade congress for better treatment and equal rights to men.

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Perspectives on the First Wave of Feminism...

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Perspectives on the First Wave of Feminism...

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The Impact of the Feminist Movement on Different Groups of Americans...

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The Impact of the Feminist Movement on Different Groups of Americans...

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The first feminine wave (1820–1870) in the US marked a significant period for the advancement of women's rights activism. In the past, it was in responsible for drawing attention to issues like property rights, suffrage, and access to education, which laid the foundation for future feminist movements. Advocates of women's equality at this time included Susan B. Anthony, who became well-known right away. Her strong social influence brought women together and helped create encouraging organizations as they battled for equality. This movement contributed to both the beginning and the present phases of the feminine wave.

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This Movement was Significant Because...

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This Movement was Significant Because...

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Newspaper article from January 22, 1853, in the New York Daily Times (1851–1857), providing an overview of the Women's State Temperance Convention and its effects on women's suffrage. Highlighting Susan B. Anthony, a significant leader.

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The Feminist Dream- Susan B. Anthony's Goals and Legacy

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The Feminist Dream- Susan B. Anthony's Goals and Legacy

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This Newspaper “ A Women's Temperance Convention”, a primary source from New York with the intended audience of females that want to speak up about unjust actions. As a result, women should have a greater amount of rights. This newspaper tells the story of the women's state temperance convention called upon by Miss Susan B Anthony helps highlight important topics regarding women's acceptance. The newspaper explains how Anthony had fought for women's participation within the discussion of public affairs. As she believes that womens souls (ideas) are just as good as any other mans. Many compliment her language and figure of speech as she is “pure” with all knowledge she brings in to defend her possession and the female within the time period. She fights for the freedom of women and argues the idea on why us women are so different from men. Leaving her viewers with questions that keep them constantly thinking. Her impact was key to the growth of feminism in the United States, therefore making her role an everlasting impact upon the nation.

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In terms of the present, the first feminine wave serves as a reminder of both the progress made and the obstacles still facing gender equality. It highlights how important it is for women to have a role in shaping society and provides motivation for contemporary feminist groups that address issues like equal pay and representation in positions of leadership.

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An image from the New York Times, a primary source, shows Kamala Harris taking the oath of office as the district attorney of San Francisco in 2004. with her mother's support.

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Kamala Harris is a well-known national advocate for feminism's women empowerment. She had run on a platform of being the first female vice president and the first woman of color serving as vice president. Delivering a powerful message to future female leaders who aspire to lead in politics and occupy roles that are predominantly held by men. She conveys a real message that upholds the belief that one should pursue their goals regardless of how challenging they may appear. Harris made it clear to the public in Wilmington Delaware, ‘“While I may be the first woman in this office, I will not be the last… Because every little girl watching tonight sees that this is a country of possibilities (Harris)”’ Indicating that Harris is an enthusiastic advocate of women's equality because she anticipates a bright future for strong, independent women who work hard to achieve whatever it is that they set their minds to.

In the framework of the first feminist wave, Kamala Harris's term as US vice president is extremely significant. She is the first Black woman, woman, and person of South Asian ancestry to occupy this important position, therefore her election represents a significant advance in the ongoing fight for racial and gender equality.

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Malala Yousafzai, in a hospital in the United Kingdom to receive her treatment after her injury surgery in Pakistan.

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Young feminist activist Malala Yousafzai is credited with starting the Malala movement. In her community, she was generally looked down upon because of her views on women's rights and education. She faces tremendous risk in society as a result.

The Taliban shot her in the head during her campaign for women's education because they saw her feminism as a threat to their community. Yet doing so simply fueled her desire to advocate for women's rights even more. She continued in speaking out and fighting for women's rights, which helped her and her father form the Malala Fund. She was therefore the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for her fund at that time.

This contributes to the idea that feminism has only gotten stronger since the 1800s. As demonstrated by this movement, it assisted in spreading the idea to future generations that it is crucial to remain true to what you believe despite setbacks. Because she didn't care how others viewed her and because she worked tirelessly for equality, Yousafzai is an excellent role model

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The Before-

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The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was a key event where women gathered to discuss and demand more rights during the Jacksonian era. They wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, stating that women should have equal rights. “New York Harold '' which is a primary source newspaper article reflects the point of view of the elite white women that attended this convention who believe they are lacking rights and are being oppressed by men which led to their protest before state legislatures.

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Image from March 1850 in Godey's Lady's book that women used in order to train themselves to reflect and act as a "true women" and fulfill their homemaking responsibilities. 

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Wealthy white women during this time period were supposed to be housewives, relegated to caring for their children and working only in the home. Their husbands were considered their masters and women were not able to own property after marriage. In the mid 1800’s, a “true woman” was a woman who ran the household and raised her children.

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Women gathering at Seneca Falls Convention

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Image that reflects the Bloomer's that women wore in order to dress more conformably and be able to compete daily tasks more efficiently in 1851.

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A picture of a group of some of the younger spinners working in the factories and mills.

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The After-

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Elizabeth Caty Stanton led the women's rights movement in support of women’s equality, voting rights, property ownership, the ability to divorce, and educational and employment opportunities. Elizabeth Caty Stanton's “The Declaration of Sentiments” is a primary source. It's purpose was to inspire women to prove to the government and state legislatures that men were subordinating their interests and that the government needed to also represent women. This convention at Seneca Falls was an impact of the first wave of feminism because it represented the start of the movement away from the cult of domesticity and the perception of what it means to be a “true” woman and towards equal rights for men and women.

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Another goal of the women's rights movement was to get women and girls more educational opportunities so that they could work outside the home and earn their own income. The first wave of feminism resulted in the opening of more schools for girls and slowly over time allowing elite white women to enter into the fields of teaching medicine and law.

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Trending in the Mid 1800s- The Feminist Movement’s Impact on Fashion

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Trending in the Mid 1800s- The Feminist Movement’s Impact on Fashion

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The Bloomer movement consisted of women no longer dressing in restrictive, heavy and traditional clothing that limited them. Bloomers more closely resembled men’s clothing and allowed women to express their independence and hopes of equality through fashion. This image being publicized in a periodical showcases the spread of the feminist movement and its increasing attention.

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An Important Opportunity for Working Class Women- Factory/Mill Reforms 

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An Important Opportunity for Working Class Women- Factory/Mill Reforms 

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Initial Impact of the Feminist Movement-

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Image that illustrates a women being forced to protect herself due to her husbands alcohol consumption.

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In the mid-1800s women were given the opportunity to work at the Lowell mills and factories. This was progress from their previously only being allowed to work in the home; now they could have their own profession and income. However, the working conditions were extremely poor and women were forced to work excessively long hours.

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There were many groups formed, during this period, that shared these ideals like the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association. Also books like “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'' by Mary Wollstonecraft, and newspaper entries like New York Herald helped spread feminist protests, ideas and goals.

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Intersection of the feminist movement with the labor movement-

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As a result the Lowell working women went on strike and gathered signatures to protest against the amount of hours they had to work. This strike showcases a positive impact of the women's rights movement on factory workers in that women had the courage to stand up against their bosses and fight for better working conditions and hours.

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Feminist Change Makers Impacting the Abolitionist Movement

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Feminist Change Makers Impacting the Abolitionist Movement

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The industrial revolution also helped give women opportunities in the workplace. Large numbers of women joined the factories, especially textile mills and garment factories. This helped women gain more economic independence challenging traditional gender norms. Women were able to contribute more to the household than just taking care of the kids.

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Many white leaders of the feminist movement believed in an analogy that compared their lives as married women to slaves. They viewed their marriages as extremely restricted because they were confined to the home. Some went so far as to describe their husbands as “slave masters'' because they had the right to beat them. The feminist movement impacted the abolitionist movement because it promoted the ideal that all people are created equal. This inspired the abolitionists to protest for an end to slavery. Not only did the feminists unite with the abolitionists through written propaganda but many women spoke out directly against slavery which helped their cause gain support especially among white people.

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Save the Family and Limit Alcohol Consumption- The Feminists Movement's Impact on the Temperance Movement

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Save the Family and Limit Alcohol Consumption- The Feminists Movement's Impact on the Temperance Movement

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Many of the women involved in the feminist movement were living in abusive marriages and one of the main contributing factors was their husbands excessive use of alcohol. As a result, key feminist movement leaders like Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Susan B. Anthony started the New York State temperance society and collected 28,000 signatures in support of preventing the sale of alcohol in New York. This cartoon exemplifies the message put forth by the feminist movement that alcohol was destroying marriages and families and that in order to protect the welfare of women and children alcohol sales needed to be limited. Ultimately the first wave of feminism and its leaders impacted the temperance movement by supporting the prohibition of alcohol and becoming key leaders in the movement.

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The more women got involved in working, the more they fought for a better atmosphere in the workplace and getting paid fairly which helped them in the women's rights movement.

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Woman working at a factory which showcases an increase in their job opportunities. 

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Women at Work- Working In and Out of the Home

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Women at Work- Working In and Out of the Home

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Women's rights views went through a significant shift throughout the years of 1820- 1870. Due to the differing backgrounds of the colonists their opinions differ regarding women's rights.

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A letter written by Susan B Anthony, and Cady Stanton for women's rights.

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Perspective of Women's Suffrage Activists

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Perspective of Women's Suffrage Activists

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Together, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote this letter encouraging people to sign petitions advocating women's suffrage, which would then be forwarded to members of Congress. Since they both had strong opinions on the subject and were truly influential when it came to raising awareness of the unjust norms that exist in society. This illustrates the determination shown by the movement's activists to significantly change their everyday lives.

In addition, many people were opposed to giving women the right to vote, even though some supported the campaign. Given that they disagreed with the idea of allowing women to impact the people in influential positions as well as the fact that this could be a threat to democracy.

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Elite white women protesting for rights in the mid 1800's and attempting to gain as many supporters for their cause as possible.

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Drawing from the mid 1800's that resembles what early education for women looked like.

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Second Great Awakening and its Impact on Society's View of Women

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Second Great Awakening and its Impact on Society's View of Women

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The second great awakening, which was a big religious movement in the early 1800s, helped get more women to get involved in religious places like preaching and missionary work.  Women gained more confidence and learned how to speak in public in these leadership roles, which gave them key skills that made the feminist movement successful. Groups of more than 100 women joined these camp meetings. Besides religion, these women were also a part of the and supported movements such as temperance, abolition, and women's rights.

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Large religious gathering with both men and women willing to adopt knew perspectives.

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Concerning the abolitionist movement, although there was an overlap between abolitionists and women's rights supporters due to their similarities within their campaigns, many were still unwilling to incorporate women's rights into their agenda since they were more concerned with actually abolishing slavery.

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This primary source is a petition added to the attempts made by abolitionists to completely get rid of slavery.

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This petition is just one illustration of how slavery is prioritized over women's rights because it is only focused on that issue. Many were hesitant to include women's rights in their agenda because they thought abolition was more essential. This led them to focus all of their energy on the abolishment of slavery, even though women's rights were unquestionably a concern at the time.

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The desire for expansion and growth in the Jacksonian era fueled this religious revival that led to the spreading of protestantism and other religions which resulted in the first wave of feminism and other movements that gave women rights.

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Mens abuse towards alcohol leads to women's fight against Temperance movement

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During the Jacksonian Era, as cities became increasingly urbanized, more men were employed, earning more money, and consuming more alcohol. Women led the temperance campaign because men would spend all of their money on booze. Women led a variety of marches and demonstrations during the temperance movement, giving them the confidence to voice their opinions on matters of public concern. Women had to learn how to fight for themselves and speak up for their rights, as this image illustrates, which aided in the advancement of women's rights.

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The first wave of feminism started during the early 19th century because women wanted more rights and opportunities. One event that started the movement was the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. This meeting organized by Elizabeth Cady Saton and Lucretia Mott demanded basic rights like the right to vote, the right to a better education, and more opportunity when it came to finding work.

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Copy of Declaration of Sentiments signed before taking part in the Seneca Falls Convention.

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Off to a Strong Start- The Seneca Falls Convention

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Off to a Strong Start- The Seneca Falls Convention

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Speech Entitled "Ain't I A Woman?" by Sojourner Truth

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Speech Entitled "Ain't I A Woman?" by Sojourner Truth

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Sojourner Truth, an African American activist, bravely voiced her beliefs and wrote this speech. The address aims to express the inequity that Sojourner experiences as a black woman and a woman in general. This speech's emotion demonstrates the deep impact that inequality has placed on people's lives. When Sojourner states, "I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me!" she conveys the opinion that no man could match her diligence and puts up an effort to prove that she is not only capable of achieving her goals.

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Racial viewpoints varied among white feminists; some were cautious or overtly against black women's participation in women's rights activities, reflecting the racism that pervaded the country at the time.

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Mary Ann Shadd Cary wrote to the National Women's Suffrage Association to ask that her name and the names of ninety-four other black women be added as signatures to the well-known "Declaration of Sentiments." Unfortunately, Mary’s acts of bravery and determination were not convincing and the names were never added to the document.

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Socioeconomic Perspective of Elite Women

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Socioeconomic Perspective of Elite Women

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Different socioeconomic classes held differing views on women's rights; some valued political rights more than economic security, while others believed that both were crucial.

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This primary source is a letter written to the Senate expressing their want to form a new association more formatted to their beliefs.

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Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Staton's Petition

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Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Staton's Petition

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In 1866, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony separated from the Equal Rights Association to form the National Women’s Suffrage Association. They took this action to create a group that more closely reflected their views on equality and the rights of women.

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Alamy, editor. "Girls Education 1800s Stock Photos and Images." Alamy, edited by Alamy, 1820s, www.alamy.com/stock-photo/girls-education-1800s.html?sortBy=relevant. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Alexander, Kerri Lee, editor. "Malala Yousafzai." National Women's History Museum, edited by National Women's History Museum, 2018, www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/malala-yousafzai#:~:text=At%20age%20eleven%2C%20Malala%20Yousafzai,Malala%20Fund%20with%20her%20father. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Anthony, Susan B., et al. "Form Letter from E. Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucy Stone." DocsTeach, 26 Dec. 1865, www.docsteach.org/documents/document/form-letter-stanton-anthony-stone?tmpl=component&print=1&ml=1&iframe=1. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Crary, David, editor. "Protests in the Long Term: How Is a Lasting Legacy Cemented?" The Denver Post, The Associated Press, 3 Aug. 2020, www.denverpost.com/2020/08/03/black-lives-matter-protests-police-history-legacy/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Dover's Mill Girls. "The Strike of the Mill Girls." Dover Public Library, Dover's Mill Girls, 12 Aug. 1822, www.dover.nh.gov/government/city-operations/library/research-learn/history/strike-of-the-mill-girls/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Guy-Evans, Olivia. "A Brief Summary of the First Wave of Feminism." Edited by Saul Mcleod, SimplyPsychology, 13 Feb. 2024, www.simplypsychology.org/summary-first-wave-of-feminism.html. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

History Editors, editor. "Seneca Falls Convention." History, 10 Nov. 2017, www.history.com/topics/womens-history/seneca-falls-convention. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Leach, Leah. "Amelia Bloomer: A Rebel in Pants." Gal's Guide, 6 Oct. 2017, galsguide.org/2017/10/06/amelia-bloomer-a-rebel-in-pants/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Lerer, Lisa, and Sydney Ember. "Kamala Harris Makes History as First Woman and Woman of Color as Vice President." New York Times, edited by New York Times, 7 Nov. 2022, www.nytimes.com/2020/11/07/us/politics/kamala-harris.html. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

MacKethan, Lucinda. "How Did the Cult of Domesticity Oppress and Empower Women in the Nineteenth Century?" America in Class, edited by National Humanities Center, 2011https://americainclass.org/the-cult-of-domesticity/, americainclass.org/the-cult-of-domesticity/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

National Park Service. "Declaration of Sentiments." National Park Service, edited by National Park Service, 29 July 1848, www.nps.gov/wori/planyourvisit/basicinfo.htm. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

New York Daily Times. "Women's State Temperance Convention." Women's State Temperance Convention [Albany, New York], 22 Jan. 1853. ProQuest Historical Newspapers, www.proquest.com/docview/95819612/7E9C9A8F69D640CCPQ/10?sourcetype=Historical%20Newspapers. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

New York Herald. "Timeline Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, New York Seneca Falls Declaration." Women's Rights Convention [Seneca Falls, New York], 30 July 1848. Global NewsBank, infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=EANX-K12&pnews=AWNB&docref=image/v2%3A11A050B7B120D3F8%40EANX-K12-11AE46E9971F3850%402396239-11AE46E9E97D5680%406-11AE46EAF3BDE920%40Woman%2527s%2BRights%2BConvention&timeline_essay_id=women-s-rights-convention-at-seneca-falls-new-york. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Patricia Molen van Ee, editor. "Women on the Move: Overland Journeys to California." Legends of America, 1850, www.legendsofamerica.com/we-womenmove/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Rust, Owen. "The Second Great Awakening in the United States." The Collecter, MA Economics in progress, 6 Feb. 2023, www.thecollector.com/american-second-great-awakening/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Speak Out Now, editor. "The Lowell Mill Strikes—Working Women Organizing in the Industrial Revolution." Speak out Now, 16 Feb. 2021, speakoutsocialists.org/the-lowell-mill-strikes-working-women-organizing-in-the-industrial-revolution/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Taylor, Barilla, editor. "The Role of Women in the Industrial Revolution." Tsongas Industrial History Center, www.uml.edu/tsongas/barilla-taylor/women-industrial-revolution.aspx. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

U.S. House of Representatives. Committee on Territories, and The U.S. National Archives. "File:Petition from Citizens of New York Asking That Slavery and the Slave-trade May Be Expressly Prohibited." Wikimedia Commons, 25 Mar. 1851, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petition_from_Citizens_of_New_York_Asking_that_Slavery_and_the_Slave-trade_may_be_Expressly_Prohibited,_03-25-1851_(page_1_of_2)_(6537458489).jpg. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

U.S. Senate. Committee on Privileges and Elections. "The U.S. National Archives." Flickr, 1874, www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/6554039677. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

Williams, Michael. "How a Male Firebrand Helped Ignite Women's Temperance Crusade." HistoryNet, 27 Jan. 2021, www.historynet.com/male-doctor-helped-womens-temperance-crusade/. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.

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Elite women protesting for women's rights

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Many elite white women actively supported the first wave of feminism and were involved in women's suffrage campaigns, social reform movements, and advocacy for women's rights. They recognized the need for political and social equality and worked alongside other women to achieve these goals. On the other hand, those less fortunate likely viewed these goals as beneficial to themselves and their way of life. Some, however, might have been excluded from the movement due to their socioeconomic background or because middle-class feminists' issues did not align with their personal experiences.

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Women's suffrage activists hanging posters advocating for their right to vote.

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Regarding legal and cultural perspectives, some white feminists supported the inclusion of black women in the women's rights movement, while others opposed attempts to alter the power structures and gender roles that are currently in place. The objectives of first-wave feminism were met with opposition and pushback from a variety of cultural perspectives. Firmly established in societal norms and traditional gender roles, women's advocacy for rights like equality and suffrage challenged these assumptions. As a result, many traditional societal groups, including politicians, religious organizations, and even some women themselves, expressed strong disapproval.