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Defending Concord, Massachusetts from the British

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"The shot heard around the world" April 1775

What truly began the American revolution was the "shot heard around the world". American colonies had armed themselves and rioted against the British government. The British soldiers were sent to attack Concord, place of ammo and arms stores. Patriots caught word and set off to warn Concord. Americans and British soldiers ended up meeting before they arrived to Concord. An accidental shot was fires by an unknown side, beginning the revolution.

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The American Colonies win their independence from Britain

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The Battle of Yorktown, September 1781

After years of battle, the American "rebels" made a plan. They mislead the British soldiers, with a fake attack, to their settlement in New York. Secretly they traveled down to Virginia, where they destroyed and held the British soldiers captive for a month. Eventually the British had to surrender, followed a retreat of most British soldiers. This ended the battles and revolution. This gave the American colonies the opportunity to finally become its own nation.

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British burn the Capitol and Presidential Mansion in Washington

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The War of 1812

The main cause of the War of 1812 was the impressment of French and American sailors. A British Royal Navy blockade also enforced an embargo and cut off trade for the US between 1812-1814. Britain was aided by Native Americans around the Great lakes region that it had kept trade status with British held Canada. Tecumseh Confederacy resisted the expansion of the United States into that area. The US declared war on Britain on June 18, 1812. During the War, Britain marched into Washington on August 24 1814 and burned down the Presidential mansion and the Capitol.

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The War of 1812

January 8, 1815, another major battle was fought near New Orleans. President Andrew Jackson, a general during that war, maintained control of the Mississippi River the new territories west of it. Congress ratified the Treaty of Ghent on February 17, 1815. This war established clear borders between British held Canada and the United States, opened up settlement west, and secured international trade across the Atlantic.

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The Battle of Sumpter(Civil war) 1861

Tensions were rising in the states. Part of the confederation, South Carolina, attacked fort Sumpter after our government refused to evacuate federal troops. The attack led to our government calling every state for reinforcements. Within 34 hours, the Union surrendered. Traditionally marking the beginning of the Civil war.

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First Battle of Bull Run, July 1861

The Union, North, made an attempt to overtake the confederate capital, Richmond. The confederation, south, was able to push back and defend against the North. This was the first full-scale battle of the Civil War.

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The end of the Civil war 1865

Abraham Lincoln has now been reelected and the emancipation proclamation was already passed in 1863. The last major confederate army was surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in a courthouse, April 1865. Following this, other generals fled and surrendered. The union now had control over south Carolina and Georgia. This was the end of the civil war. Now over 4 million slaves were free and laid the foundation for Americas emergence into power.

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1898                                                 Spanish American War - On April 25, 1898, America declared war on Spain after the sinking of the battleship Maine on February 15, 1898 in Havana harbor, Cuba.leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. It is important because it ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power.

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1898                                                 Spanish American War - On April 25, 1898, America declared war on Spain after the sinking of the battleship Maine on February 15, 1898 in Havana harbor, Cuba.leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. It is important because it ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power.

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World War I - June 28, 1914 The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the main catalyst for the start of the Great War. Was a global conflict fought between two coalitions: the Allies and the Central Powers. Battles took place throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. One of the deadliest wars in history, it ultimately resulted in an estimated 9 million soldiers dead and 23 million wounded, plus another 5 million civilian deaths from numerous causes. Millions more died as a result of genocide, and the war was a major factor in the 1918 Spanish flupandemic. It had a major impact on US domestic politics, culture, and society.

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The Treaty of Versailles, which officially ended World War I, was signed on June 28, 1919. The main authors of the treaty were the leaders of France, England, Italy and the United States. Germany and its former allies were not allowed to participate in the negotiations. The treaty required Germany to admit it started the war, pay reparations and give back territory it took.

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World War II -1939 -1945, Eastern theatre

Germany invaded Poland in 1939, and France was usurped in 1940. Japan and Italy joined Germany as Axis Powers. The main Allied Powers were England, US and Russia. Germany opened an eastern front against Russia in 1943. In 1944, D Day marked the start of a combined allied effort to defeat Germany.

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WWII - 1941-1945, Pacific theatre

The US and the Allied forces also fought Axis Powers in the Pacific theatre. In 1941, Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was severely damaged by a surprise attack by Japanese bombers. Japan was trying to expand their territorial holdings in East Asia and the Pacific.

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An Allied Victory in Europe

Victory in Europe was gained after the fall of Berlin and Germany's surrender on May 8, 1945. This war is important to US history because World War II changed the structure of Europe, and it's responsibilities toward peacekeeping around the world. The US and Allied forces created the United Nations with a hope to manage global conflicts that could result in World Wars thereafter.

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The Second Atomic Bomb is Dropped

Japan surrendered after the dropping of the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan in 1945. This is important to US history because this marked the end of war in the Pacific theatre and was the beginning of the cold war. The US became a nuclear power, and was the only nation to possess that capability until Russia tested their own in 1949

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America's Stance Against Communism

The Truman doctrine in 1947 committed US resources to any conflict involving a democratic nation that had to defend itself from authoritarian aggression. Russia successfully tested their first atomic bomb on August 29, 1949 kick-starting the cold war and widespread fear of the spread of communism.

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Korean Conflict 1950- 1953

North Korean forces invaded the Republic of Korea in the southern portion of the Korean peninsula on June 25, 1950. Fearing Communist expansion and siting the Truman Doctrine, the US committed armed forces to a combined United Nations effort to push North Korea's communist forces advance back past the 38th parallel. This conflict for the US, was one of the first of many post WWII global interventions that the US involved itself in.

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United Nations push North Korea forces back to the Yalu river

The United Nations command headed by General MacArthur succeeded, but continued to push North Korean forces past the Yalu river that borders Korea and Manchuria. China had warned the countries involved that it would only stay neutral if the US stopped at the 38th parallel. China joined North Korea and repulsed UN forces back to the 38th parallel. The North Korean Peoples Army and the United Nations Command did not gain much territory on either side after 1951.

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Armistice and NATO

In 1953, an armistice was signed ending military operations on the Korean peninsula, and establishing the 38th parallel as a demilitarized zone. This is important to US war history because of the failure to militarily expunge communism completely from the Korean peninsula. Also Russia's blockade of Berlin, Germany was the impetus to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was created to defend European allies against Russian aggression and territorial ambitions.

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Sources

https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/civil-war-facts#:~:text=The%20war%20ended%20in%20Spring,%2C%20on%20May%2013%2C%201865.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II
https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/korean-war

https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY9zHNOjGrs
https://theweek.com/world-war-1/94443/how-did-world-war-1-end

https://www.theatlantic.com/projects/world-war-i-in-photos/