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Basic Facts: Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian artist and inventor who lived from 1452 to 1519.

Major Contribution: He is most remembered for painting the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

Why He Matters: He helped shape the Renaissance by blending art, science, and imagination in groundbreaking ways.

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Basic Facts: Michelangelo was an Italian sculptor, painter, and architect who lived from 1475 to 1564.

Major Contribution: He is most remembered for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpting David.

Why He Matters: He changed Renaissance art by showing deep emotion and realism in both sculpture and painting.

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Basic Facts: William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet who lived from 1564 to 1616.

Major Contribution: He is most remembered for writing famous plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth.

Why He Matters: He shaped Renaissance literature by exploring human emotions and creating timeless stories and characters.

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Basic Facts: Albrecht Dürer was a German painter and printmaker who lived from 1471 to 1528.

Major Contribution: He is most remembered for his detailed woodcuts and engravings, like Melencolia I.

Why He Matters: He helped spread Renaissance ideas in Northern Europe by combining Italian techniques with German craftsmanship.

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Basic Facts: Martin Luther was a German monk and theologian who lived from 1483 to 1546

Major Contribution: He is most remembered for writing the 95 Theses, which challenged the Catholic Church's practices.

Why He Matter: He started the protestant Reformation, leading to major changes in Christianity and the rise of protestant churches.

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Basic Facts: King Henry VIII was the ruler of England from 1509 to 1547

Major Contribution: He is most remembered for breaking away from the Catholic Church and starting the Church of England.

Why He Matters: His actions helped spread the Reformation by challenging the Pope's authority and charging England's religious future.

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Basic Facts: Pope Paul III was the head of the Catholic Church from 1534 to 1549

Major Contribution: He is the most remembered for starting the Council of Trent to respond to the Protestant Reformation

Why He Matters: He led the Catholic Counter-Reformation, helping reform the Church and defend is teaching

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Basic Facts: John Calvin was a French theologian and reformer who lived from 1509 to 1564

Major Contribution: He is most remembered for developing Calvinism, a branch of Protestant theology focused on predestination.

Why He Matters: He helped shape the Reformation by organizing Protestant beliefs into a clear system that spread across Europe.