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A dissenting opinion is one of an appellate judge or Supreme Court Justice who disagrees with the majority.

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A concurring opinion is an opinion that agrees with the majority opinion but does not agree with the rationale behind it. Instead of joining the majority, the concurring judge will write a separate opinion describing the basis behind their decision.

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The Majority Opinion is an appellate vote in which is decided via the majority of the justices.

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A Writ of Certiorari is a Writ that demands Certiorari, which is a second hearing or a judicial review.

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An adversary is a rival, opponent, or enemy in some sort of contest. In a court context, the prosecution would be the adversary of the defense.

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An action or policy that is either prohibited or listed against via the constitution of a country or government.

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Judicial review is the reevaluation of a case, trial, or administrative action, and then secure a declaration, order, or reward.

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A Court Martial is a trial used to try members of armed services of military crimes, including war crimes.

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Remanding is to place the defendant in custody, especially when a case is adjourned or delayed.

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The Court of Appeals is a higher end court that watches the civil conduct of lower courts in both criminal and civil cases.

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A subpoena is a written formula that orders a person to attend court via law.

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A judicial officer who serves papers and provides other services to the court. The U.S. Marshals (also called federal Marshals) provide security and other services to the federal courts.

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A Magistrate is a civil officer or lay judge who administers the law, especially one who conducts a court that deals with minor offenses and holds preliminary hearings for more serious ones.

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District Courts are the general court trials of the federal court system. These trials handle both civil and criminal trials.

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Appellate Jurisdiction is the power of a higher end court to be able to hear cases from a lower end court.

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Exclusive jurisdiction means a certain court only has the power to hear a case. It is very similar to original jurisdiction; however, the original jurisdiction belongs to state and federal courts.

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Concurrent Jurisdiction is when 2 or more Courts have the ability to hear a case.

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Jurisdiction is the power or authority one holds in a court case.

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Civil Cases, or Lawsuits, are In civil cases, one party may have harmed or failed to abide by its obligations to another, or two parties may have a dispute for the court to resolve. Civil cases can result in an award of money or in a court order to enforce or protect the rights of a party.

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Criminal cases are court procedures designed to deal with a criminal offense and investigate, prosecute, and convict as the law requires.