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even within occupations, women disproportionately seek positions that lend themselves to family responsibilities, jobs that are more flexible in the timing of work hours and less likely to have weekend and evening obligations.

Both men and women experience a large hourly wage penalty for working less than 40 hours a week, but women are more likely to work part-time and therefore are affected to a greater extent.

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According to ABS, the gender pay gap is 12%. A full-time average weekly earnings across all industries for a male was $1982.80 and $1744.80 for females.

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The amount of wage differs between various occupations eg. Chefs earn more than waitresses, Surgeons earn more than GP's

You get higher rewards (bonuses, pay-rises) for the more sophisticated and advanced skills eg. Fast-food worker, Lawyer

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Australia is developing a plan to assist women being disadvantaged in the workforce:

Even though more women are entering the workforce, gender segregation still persists as 76.2 per cent of employees in the ‘health care and social assistance’ industry are female, and 86.5 per cent of employees in the ‘construction industry’ are male.

Women are more likely to be reliant on award-based, low-oaid, insecure work and tend to work fewer hours than men.

Most casual workers are women, and some of the most highly feminised sectors are the most casualised – e.g., 42 per cent of disability support workers are casually employed

Motherhood attracts a significant earnings penalty. Across the first five years of parenting their first child, women’s earnings are reduced by 55 per cent on average. During the same time men’s earnings remain unaffected.

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For every $1 on average a man makes, women earn 78c. Over the course of a year, that difference adds up to $26,393. - Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA)

Australia's national gender pay gap is 12 per cent.- Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA)

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Income levels decline as people get older as people retire and have to rely on pensions or savings.

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When you are younger,You lack skills and get jobs that dont require highly developed

skills, meaning that you would get paid less the younger you are

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Out of the population of migrants within the Australian workforce, skilled migrants earn a significantly higher average wage when compared to migrant Australians and all Australians.

This can be linked to higher educational, training and skill levels seen within skilled migrants when compared to the rest of the Australian labourforce.

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From the ages of 25-64, the wage is reasonably high towards the senior years of a working life (35-54) During the younger years of a person's life, their wage is lower due to less experience/education. General income lowers as the age goes 54+ due to the use of pensions.

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People between the ages of 15 - 19 years make the least about of income, with 44% of all teenagers making negative (no) income.

When people turn 20 years of age, only 4.7% make negative income highlighting how when people start to gain independence, it becomes much more common that they seek employment.

People between the ages of 45 - 54 make on average $500-999 per week

The income for 55 - 64 year olds was similar to this however their was more variation in incomes in this age bracket as people begin to retire

65 - 74 year olds tend to have much lower incomes as this is when the majority of people retire ($250 - $499) and can gain their superannuation

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Children below the age of 14 and 9 months usually do not earn an income.

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Economic theory indicates that cultural diversity is related to economic performance. Large cities with culturally diverse population are usually likely to be the centres of rapid economic growth and employment. Previous cross sectional studies suggest that cultural diversity increases employment and wages at the regional level, thereby leading to economic growth. Diversity has also been associated with an increased variety of preferences, better customer satisfaction, larger market share, increased sales revenue and greater relative profits. In contrast, cultural diversity can also lead to conflict or racism followed by a decline in economic performance due to reduced investment and public spending. At the organisational level, diversity that is poorly managed can reduce staff morale and productivity, provoke conflict between employees and managers and harm social cohesion. Assuming a perfect substitutability between migrants and native workers, found a negative effect of immigrant share on men and women's wages.

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When occupational mobility is high, the supply of labour to that occupation is always likely to be high, less need for employers to raise wages to attract labour.

In the same occupation there can be wage gaps based on degrees of experience. More experience and higher qualifications are paid more.

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The ethnic gender pay gap is double the national average gender pay gap, hovering around 33%-36% compared to 14%. - Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)

In 2017, Deloitte reported that the median hourly pay gap for its black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) employees is 8.7% (i.e. BAME employees earn 8.7% less) and its mean ethnicity pay gap is 12.9%.

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Aboriginal and torres straight islander peoples remain among the lowest in terms of wage outcomes within Australia. Similar trends occur with the unemployment rate which tends to be higher than the average Australian.

In terms of full time worker wages, Indigenous outcomes are around $23,700 and $9,900 lower for males and females, respectively.