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March 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a powerful anti-slavery novel.

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March 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a powerful anti-slavery novel.

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1855-1861 – A period of repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between anti-slavery and pro-slavery forces, known as “Bleeding Kansas.” 

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1855-1861 – A period of repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between anti-slavery and pro-slavery forces, known as “Bleeding Kansas.” 

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February 1856 – March 1857 – Dred Scott, an enslaved Black man, lost his fight for freedom in the court case known as Dred Scott v. Sandford.

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February 1856 – March 1857 – Dred Scott, an enslaved Black man, lost his fight for freedom in the court case known as Dred Scott v. Sandford.

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October 1859 – Abolitionist John Brown leads a small group to attack Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Known as “John Brown’s Raid.”

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October 1859 – Abolitionist John Brown leads a small group to attack Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Known as “John Brown’s Raid.”

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November 1860 – Lincoln is elected the sixteenth U.S. president.

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November 1860 – Lincoln is elected the sixteenth U.S. president.

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November 1860 – Lincoln is elected the sixteenth U.S. president.

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January 1861 – Seven Southern states secede.

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January 1861 – Seven Southern states secede.

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January 1861 – Seven Southern states secede.

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February 1861 – The Confederate States of America is formed and Jefferson Davis is elected president.

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February 1861 – The Confederate States of America is formed and Jefferson Davis is elected president.

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February 1861 – The Confederate States of America is formed and Jefferson Davis is elected president.

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April 1861 – Confederate victory at Fort Sumter.

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April 1861 – Confederate victory at Fort Sumter.

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April 1861 – Confederate victory at Fort Sumter.

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April 1861 – Four more states join the Confederate States of America.

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April 1861 – Four more states join the Confederate States of America.

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April 1861 – Four more states join the Confederate States of America.

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July 1861 – Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run.

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July 1861 – Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run.

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July 1861 – Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run.

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April 1862 – Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh.

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April 1862 – Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh.

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April 1862 – Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh.

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June-July 1862 – Confederate victories of the Seven Days Battle.

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June-July 1862 – Confederate victories of the Seven Days Battle.

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June-July 1862 – Confederate victories of the Seven Days Battle.

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September 1862 – Union victory at the Battle of Antietam.

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September 1862 – Union victory at the Battle of Antietam.

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September 1862 – Union victory at the Battle of Antietam.

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January 1863 – Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation.

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January 1863 – Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation.

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January 1863 – Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation.

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May-July 1863 – Union victory at the Battle of Vicksburg.

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May-July 1863 – Union victory at the Battle of Vicksburg.

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May-July 1863 – Union victory at the Battle of Vicksburg.

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November 1863 – Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address.

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November 1863 – Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address.

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November 1863 – Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address.

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July 1864 – Atlanta Falls in a Union victory.

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July 1864 – Atlanta Falls in a Union victory.

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July 1864 – Atlanta Falls in a Union victory.

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November-December 1864 – Union General Sherman leads his March to the Sea and takes over Atlanta.

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November-December 1864 – Union General Sherman leads his March to the Sea and takes over Atlanta.

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November-December 1864 – Union General Sherman leads his March to the Sea and takes over Atlanta.

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November 1864 – Abraham Lincoln is re-elected.

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November 1864 – Abraham Lincoln is re-elected.

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November 1864 – Abraham Lincoln is re-elected.

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April 1865 – Confederate General Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse.

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April 1865 – Confederate General Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse.

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April 1865 – Confederate General Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse.

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April 1865 – President Lincoln is assassinated.

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April 1865 – President Lincoln is assassinated.

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April 1865 – President Lincoln is assassinated.

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December 1865 – The 13th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, ending slavery in the United States.

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December 1865 – The 13th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, ending slavery in the United States.

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December 1865 – The 13th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, ending slavery in the United States.

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July 1868 – The 14th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, granting citizenship to all people born in the United States, including formerly enslaved persons.

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July 1868 – The 14th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, granting citizenship to all people born in the United States, including formerly enslaved persons.

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July 1868 – The 14th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, granting citizenship to all people born in the United States, including formerly enslaved persons.

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February 1870 – The 15th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, granting Black men the right to vote.

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February 1870 – The 15th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, granting Black men the right to vote.

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February 1870 – The 15th Amendment is added to the U.S. Constitution, granting Black men the right to vote.