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There are two main types of tundra: Arctic Tundra and Alpine Tundra. Both are located in cold and dry regions. Tundra regions do not get a heavy amount of rain, which results in them being considered deserts. The Growing season is very short, which is followed by very cold and long winters. These harsh conditions cause the animals that live there to have special adaptations for survival. The difference between the Alpine Tundra and the Arctic Tundra is the difference in latitude. Arctic Tundra are located at very high latitude, for example very far north, or in Antarctica. Alpine Tundra can be located on top of mountains, or any place that has high elevation. In the Alpine Tundra during the night, temperatures drop below freezing. Less than two months out of the year have warm temperatures (warm enough for plants to grow). This causes the soil to be mostly frozen except for the very top layer (permafrost). This results in not having a lot of trees.

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With extreme conditions in the Tundra Biome, plants and animals have to be able to adapt to these conditions. Arctic Foxes, Arctic Wolves, Snow Owls, and Polar Bears are carnivores towards the top of the food chain. Other fauna include Norway Lemmings, arctic Hares, and arctic ground squirrels. All of these animals have developed thick fur coats that help they stay warm in the cold. Also, during the winter months, animals need to camouflage, which causes them to grow white fur or feathers. Flora that are found in the Tundra include mosses, lichens (fungi and algae), Bearberry, dwarf birch, and edelweiss (white flowers).

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Some may think that since people usually would not settle in the tundra, it cannot be impacted. This is wrong because humans want to strip this biome of its oil, build factories, and mine. The tundra can be significantly affected from global warming because this would hurt the ecosystem. Transitioning out of the cold can kill many species. This is because species develop attributes to protect themselves from the cold, but if it is not cold, they can suffer from heat exhaustion.

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A fun fact about the Tundra Biome is that less precipitation falls in tundra than in deserts!

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The Taiga Biome is one of the largest biomes on Earth. It is found in North America, Europe, and Asia. This Biome is considered a forest which is found in the Northern Hemisphere, below the Arctic Circle. The world's largest taiga stretches 3600 miles. This taiga is located in Russia. Winters are very long often spanning up to six months. Summers are short which last one to three months. This biome gets some rain which is mostly snow during the winter. The Taiga plays a large role in the biosphere because its vast forests obtain a lot of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

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Since Taigas are forests, there are a variety of trees that grow in this biome. Coniferous trees are found here. These include, spruce, pine, and fir. Coniferous trees are plants with seeds in pine cones. This helps protect the seed. Coniferous trees also never lose their leaves. This helps them survive the long winters. Mosses, Lichens, and mushrooms are found here as well. Owls and Eagles are towards the top of the food chain in Taigas. They stalk their prey from the treetops. Moose, lynx, and bears are also found here. Siberian Tigers live in the Taiga and prey on moose and wild boars.

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Humans can negatively affect this biome through hunting for fur, deforestation, mining, oil extraction, and climate change. The largest being deforestation because these trees are being used to build, used for paper, and also cardboard.

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A fun fact is that Taigas existed 12,000 years ago

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This biome is found in the United States, Europe, China, Japan, and parts of South America. This biome is very diverse and changing with the four main seasons. This biome contains trees that loose their leaves each winter. These trees are called deciduous trees. The soil is very fertile in this biome because it receives year-round precipitation.

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The trees that appear in this biome are mostly deciduous trees. These include oak, maple, and birch. Plants that are found beneath the canopy are ferns and wildflowers. Mosses, Lichens, and Mushrooms are also found here. Animals found here are deer, black bear, squirrels, raccoons, and foxes.

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There is a lot of human impact in this biome because it is populated. This includes deforestation, pollution from industrial factories and climate change. These factors can all harm the ecosystems of this biome and hurt the overall health for generations to come.

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a fun fact is that a single oak tree can produce 90,000 acorns in one year!

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The desert biome has a very dry climate, only getting small amounts of rain yearly. When thinking of deserts, many people think of super hot places like the Sahara. There are also cold deserts like the Gobi Desert in Asia. Hot deserts experience extreme heat during the day, but cool down at night. Moisture levels are very low which means that water evaporates very fast. Organisms that live in this biome are heavily adapted to it due to the extreme conditions.

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Flora and fauna found in the desert are heavily adapted to the environment to be able to survive long amounts of time without water. Plants like cacti have adapted to store water in their thick flesh. Other plants include mesquite, agave, desert marigold, and blue-eyed grass. Fauna includes lizards, rattle snakes, road runners, scorpions, and camels. These animals are able to go a long time without water and mostly only come out at night when it is cooler.

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Humans have built towns and are expanding in the desert. This hurts the ecosystem because animals can lose their habitats. Since there is small amounts of rainfall, this water is being irrigated to the towns which means that plants and animals do not get as much water. People also mine for minerals in the desert which can destruct animals' habitat.

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A fun fact about the desert is that The Arctic and Antarctica are considered polar deserts.

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Tropical Rainforests are only found near the equator. This biome has very tall trees and lots of rainfall. It has very warm temperatures all year and there are many different plant and animal species that live here. The largest rainforest is found near the Amazon rainforest which is 2.587 million square miles. With hot temperatures, and lots of rain, this biome is very humid which is what all plants and animals have adapted to. This biome is composed of different layers in the height of the trees. Each layer has its own ecosystems and specific species that live there.

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In the top layer; the emergent layer, there are different types of birds that live there or any species that can fly. Beneath, there are different species of monkeys. Many frogs and snakes also live here and one carnivore is the jaguar. Some plants that are found in this biome are orchids, Brazilian nut trees, ferns, woody vines, and cacao plants.

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One large impact is deforestation. Slash and burn farming is part of this which is when people cut down the trees and burn the land which makes the soil very fertile for a couple years and then the fertile soil goes away. This causes them to go to a new area and slash a burn. This ruins the environment of the rainforest and makes this biome smaller and smaller.

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One fun fact is that it can take ten minutes for a falling raindrop to travel from a rainforest's thick canopy to the floor.

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The grassland biome consists of fields and fields of grass without many trees. There is not a lot of rain; enough for grass but not for trees. Two different types of grasslands are savannas and temperates. These differ by the climate, what animals are found there, and the soil.

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In savanna grasslands, animals consist of elephants, zebras, giraffes, and many other animals one would find on a safari. In temperate grasslands, bison, gophers, and prairie dogs are found. Plants found in temperate grasslands are buffalo grass, sunflowers, and clover. In savanna grasslands, acacia and elephant grass are found.

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Because of the very fertile soil, grasslands are very good to farm on. A lot of grasslands have been converted into fields for farming. Loosing grasslands can affect different species that live there.

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A fun fact is that in temperate grasslands, temperatures can go from below freezing to above 90 degrees Fahrenheit.