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The research cited above suggests that multilingualism provides exceptional consequences across the lifespan that reach far beyond the benefits of having two languages available for communicative purposes. Having two languages will of course enhance opportunities for social interaction, for economic advancement, and for increasing intercultural understanding. However, being bilingual or multilingual also changes the mind and the brain in ways that create resilience under conditions of stress and that counter some of the deleterious effects of poverty and disease. This new body of work on multilingualism has a number of implications for approaches to language learning.

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The Benefits of Multilingualism to the Personal and Professional Development of Residents of The US

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In the past two decades, new research on multilingualism has changed our understanding of the consequences of learning and using two or more languages for cognition, for the brain, and for success and well-being across the entire lifespan. Far from…

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ML (Multilingual learners): students with a primary or home language other than English who are in the process of acquiring English.

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EL (English Learner): A student who is learning English as a second language or who is not yet fully proficient in English

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Multilingual: A student who is proficient in multiple languages.

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Bilingual: A student who is proficient in two languages.

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ESL (English as a Second Language): This term refers to the approach and instruction used to teach English to students who are not native English speakers.

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First Generation: Foreign‐born and often foreign‐educated ELLs

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Second Generation: United States–born children of immigrants.

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Culture shock - in class discussion...

Traffic - People drive so differently - Houston traffic! Terrible and scary.

Growing up in a community that wasn't very diverse, and then leaving for college where the diversity was higher.

Phrases! "Yall come back now"

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LIEP (Language Instructional Education Program): Plan for delivering instructional services for English learners to develop English proficiency and state academic content and achievement standards.

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ELAP (English Language Academic Plan): Document that outlines a student's individual English language learning goals and the strategies for achieving them.

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What is culture shock?

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ESL speaking activities for kindergarten | ESL Kindergarten Games

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Website to lookup district data, demographics, etc.

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Adjative order: Number, color, noun.

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Scaffolding - adding in/building upon/spiral for everyone

Differentiation - changing/tailoring the material for specific students