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the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence.

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It is the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story.

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The rising action is the second of six essential plot elements, which comes right after the opening of a story, otherwise known as the exposition.

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The CLIMAX of the story is when the CONFLICT of the PLOT is resolved

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In storytelling, falling action refers to the period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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The resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the CLIMAX. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the CONFLICT is resolved.

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A setting can be a real time period and geographical location or a fictional world and unfamiliar time period.

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The protagonist works toward the central story goals, while the antagonist works against the goals.

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In literature and film, conflict is a clash between two opposing forces that creates the narrative thread for a story.

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Internal conflict, which takes place in a person's mind—for example, a struggle to. make a decision or overcome a feeling. Internal conflicts are character vs. self.

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External conflict sets a character against something or someone beyond their control.

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the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing

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Syntax is the set of rules that helps readers and writers make sense of sentences. It's also an important tool that writers can use to create various rhetorical

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Connotation and Denotation are two principal methods of describing the meanings of. words.

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(ENGLISH) What are Denotation and Connotation? | #iQuestionPH

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In literary terms, tone typically refers to the mood implied by an author's word choice and the way that the text can make a reader feel.

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Mood is the emotional atmosphere within the story produced by the author's use of language.

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In fiction, a flashback is a scene that takes place before a story begins. Flashbacks interrupt the chronological order of the main narrative to take a reader back in time to the past events in a character's life

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Foreshadowing is a literary device used to give an indication or hint of what is to come later in the story.

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Foreshadowing: How to Foreshadow in a Novel Effectively & Sneakily

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Parallelism is a term used in literature that refers to two or more words or phrases in sentences that are the same grammatically, as well as in meaning.

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Parallelism: The secret to great writing

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Point of view (POV) in book writing is the perspective from which a story is told.

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First person vs. Second person vs. Third person - Rebekah Bergman

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In first-person narration, the narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view.

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Second-person narration is a little-used technique of narrative in which the action is driven by a character ascribed to the reader, one known as you

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In third-person objective narration, the narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters.

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The third person limited point of view is where the narrator tells the story from the perspective of a single protagonist, referring to them by name or using a third person pronoun such as they/she/he.

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Third person omniscient is a point of view (POV) where the narrator knows everything about the events, characters, and world in the story.

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A simile is a figure of speech and type of metaphor that compares two different things using the words “like” or “as.”

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A metaphor is a literary device that figuratively compares and equates two things that are not alike.

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Personification in a story is defined as figurative language in which inanimate objects are or animals given human qualities.

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Hyperbole is a rhetorical and literary technique where an author or speaker intentionally uses exaggeration and overstatement for emphasis and effect.

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The literary definition of symbolism is “the use of symbols that represent other concepts or ideas in order to convey a deeper meaning.

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Symbolism in 10 Minutes: Why Is It The Most Mysterious Art Movement? 😱

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An oxymoron is any grouping of oppositional words to create a new, unique word or phrase.

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is an Oxymoron?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Euphemism refers to figurative language designed to replace phrasing that would otherwise be considered harsh, impolite, or unpleasant.

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allusion, in literature, an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is an Allusion?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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What Is Assonance? Assonance (ăs'ə-nəns) is a literary device in which vowel sounds are repeated within phrases or sentences that are close to each other in the text.

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What are Assonance and Consonance?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound at the start of a series of words in succession whose purpose is to provide an audible pulse that gives a piece of writing a lulling, lyrical, and/or emotive effect.

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Alliteration?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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A cliche can refer to an overused phrase or expression. But another definition for cliche, and the one that we'll rely on in this article, is a worn-out idea that should've been put to bed a long time ago.

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An idiom is a phrase or expression that typically presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached to the phrase; but some phrases become figurative idioms while retaining the literal meaning of the phrase. Categorized as formulaic language, an idiom's figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning.

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Idioms | What Are They? | How to Recognize and Understand English Idioms

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A pun, also known as paronomasia, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

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What are puns? 🤔 | Puns in English | Learn with examples

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Irony, in its broadest sense, is a characterization of a situation which discloses that what on the surface appears to be the case contrasts consequentially with what is actually the case. Irony is an important rhetorical device and literary technique.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Irony?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Verbal irony is a figure of speech. The speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what he says.

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Situational irony is the irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected.

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Dramatic irony is a situation in which the audience or reader has a better understanding of events than the characters in a story do.

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Characterization or characterization is the representation of persons in narrative and dramatic works. The term character development is sometimes used as a synonym.

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The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells the reader or viewer what the character is like. Direct characterization tells the reader or viewer.

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Indirect characterization is a type of literary device that reveals details about a character without stating them explicitly.

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A static character is a type of character who remains largely the same throughout the course of the storyline.

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A dynamic character is one who learns a lesson or changes as a person (either for better or for worse).

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Flat characters are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work. By contrast, round characters are complex and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader.

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A round character is deep and layered character in a story.

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Rhetoric is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations.

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How to use rhetoric to get what you want - Camille A. Langston

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Ethos is a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology. The Greeks also used this word to refer to the power of music to influence emotions, behaviors, and even morals.

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Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience and elicits feelings that already reside in them. Pathos is a used most often in rhetoric, as well as in literature, film and other narrative art.

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Logos, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-, which can have the meanings "I put in order, arrange, gather, I choose, count, reckon, I say, speak". It is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion.