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One key point that was made is how schools should adopt a multiliteracies framework so that students are better equipped in university writing. This framework consists of a spectrum where all types of literacies are integrated into one so as to take care of every student's writing needs.

Another great claim that the author has is actually putting their theory into practice while also providing examples of how beneficial it is to both students and teachers. They explain how a change in traditional teachings of just listening and doing are not helpful to this generation of students as there is a variety of information to learn. Also, not every student learns the same so different ways of teachings can help those who prefer “hand-on” methods.

I think the author's most important point that was brought up is that outside forces can influence a child's performance in the classroom. Especially socioeconomic influences where some kids whose parents had high incomes had the opportunities to certain resources that lower income children couldn’t.

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One key point is discovering the genre of the reading because this is what helps the audience  understand what the author is conveying. Identifying what type of genre an author uses allows for students to recognize their writing style.  This is extremely important because reading and writing about a novel or article are very different as they both may have different purposes.

Another claim that is seen through the article is figuring out what skills and tools students can utilize that will aid in reading like a writer. Some examples refer to critical thinking, having the ability to analyze literary techniques, and understanding that these methods might not fit them.

Lastly, a big topic Mike Bunn made is to question everything.  In order to read like a writer the student must have great critical thinking skills by being able to question the small details before and throughout the text. This aids in grasping what the author’s purpose is without having to annotate random sentences.

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One key point is that schools focus their curriculum too much on writing and not enough on reading.  Teachers focus on what a child writes in an essay and blame their failures on the lack of writing skills when it could be that they have trouble reading/understanding the novel.

Another point that the author made is the assertion that reading is just as creative as writing. This is seen through the principle of transaction between a reader and text.  No mind is the same which leads to everyone having different interpretations of the readings.

Lastly, the author states that reading and writing, although not connected, work better side by side.  You need each one to coexist if you wish to succeed in either field which is strongly argued throughout the article as Carrillo believes they should be integrated together.  This allows them to build upon each other.

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One key point that was highlighted is the fact that students and teachers have the belief that they need to create originality.  This fear is implemented by the principle of copyright which protects authors from having their work stolen. But because of this, we as writers must avoid even a simple sentence that might sound the same as another from appearing in our essay or else we could get into trouble.

Another point that came across refers to the image one thinks of when they imagine a writer.  People doubt their abilities when they see that they do not fit into society’s expectations of a writer but in reality a writer does not have to be just someone who stays within the comfort of their home all depressed.

Lastly, the author points out that imitation is not the same as plagiarism.  Authors quote from other resources all the time but students feel intimidated by this which causes them to believe that they have no originality in their writing.  As long as you cite who the author is, you should be fine because stealing other’s work when it is not yours could not only lower your image as a writer but land you in trouble.

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One key point that the author made is that socioeconomic status did have an influence in how a kid performed in writing. This is because kids who were ”well off” had more opportunities to meet expectations because they knew someone who made the standards.

Another point made is although writing is interactive people still are not able to make connections between rhetorical concepts. We are able to create writing everywhere starting from text messages to books, but still find difficulty in identifying what the actual meaning and purpose a piece of writing is trying to convey.

Lastly, a big topic mentioned is how students are punished for writing in a different method that is not what teachers expect.  Throughout school, professors are marking down students for expressing their knowledge in some other format or strategy which is frowned upon and called immature.  This leads undergraduates to feel like they are inexperienced and begin to doubt their abilities.

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One key point that the author brought up is how writers are often swept up by the “law of Delay”.  Writers often push work aside and then have to worry about deadlines which stresses them out.  Despite this, sometimes delaying their work helps them think of some of the best ideas that they ever had.

Another claim made is that writing needs rehearsal, specifically oral.  Reading your writing out loud can help the writer begin to understand what they wrote. Sometimes our eyes become so used to the writing that we ignore the mistakes subconsciously. By combining oral and reading it allows us to identify errors (a healthy tool to use if you don't have a peer).

Lastly, the author states the many signals that aid a student in beginning their writing. Many students begin with finding what genre their book is going to be about.  Likewise, deciding what type of perspective they should take changes the mood of the story so they must choose wisely.

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1. Multi-literacies can help engage students as well as help them understand their own level of knowledge and perhaps go beyond their set limits which can be beneficial to their career path and/or "society at large".

2. Based on a point that the author made, relying on processes and protocols can be an organized way to manage things, however, also being able to manage the mental well being of the students is also important as many experience changes of environment which includes the teachings of literacies from schools. These types of changes can take on a great toll on students as they have to learn to adapt to it over time.

3. With the focus on multiliteracies, Sometimes there is not enough support or the sources are wrongly used for students to be able to understand, which means that there has to be a clear goal as to how universities want to support their students with multiliteracies framework.

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1. Considering the choices that authors make and techniques they use can help us explore different styles of writing as well as understand why authors choose to format their writings that way. In addition to this, further exploration can help with building up more experience on top of what one already has when it comes to writing.

2. The author seemed to include names of former students which may be showing how they want to be on a personal basis with the readers as they further explore the concepts of writing and reading techniques. This may also represent how people can make their writings better by adopting techniques and turn into their own in which they may find it comfortable as they show more and more of themselves in those writings.

3. Perspective is one of the major components that helps with viewing writing and reading, based on what I’ve read. Everyone views reading and writing in different perspectives such as the example they provided with viewing a piece of architecture. Two people can be seeing the same thing, however, they can portray its meaning differently based on their own knowledge. For instance, one would view the piece of architecture as art and structure while another would view it as a piece of history.

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1. Carillo makes a good point in the concept of illiteracies. If students are taught reading and writing as two separate skills, it can greatly impact their performance as well as being able to comprehend the materials given. A student who can’t properly read and understand it may struggle with their writing assignments.

2. I believe that the way schools, colleges and universities use technology greatly impacts the education of many students such as their literacies. I can see how this arises questions within the public, specifically within the parents of the students who are dealing with this situation.

3. The more we are exposed to reading, the more we are able to make progress with our writing.

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1. When implementing the properties of great writing through instructional literature, insecurities mainly rise upon writers especially for many inexperienced ones. This makes me question: What is the percentage of students who face these uncertainties? Do these insecurities lead to the rash decision of plagiarism?
2. Using "genius writers" as examples of great work and expectations from students can bring on a lot of stress and doubts of one's ability to write. The authors seem to specify how insecurities can lead students to have a more esteemed regard for imitation.
3.As many writers, who try the concepts of the previous “geniuses” by isolating to write, it does not work that way. So, being socially engaged or surrounded by various things or people can help writers generate creative ideas as well as compose some originality.

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1. Connecting to Edwards and Paz’s chapter, I notice that the author is continuing the concept itself towards the mental performance of the writer as she talks about the writers comparing themselves with “genius writers” that discourages them from making any progress.
2. Instructional writing is used upon schools as many students push to get results that can "satisfy" the expectations instead of being able to be proud of their work and the process of it. Schools, Universities, and Colleges should really focus their curriculum planning more on helping students with the process of writing instead of just getting the end results of something that may be the same as any other scholar's writing (the lack of originality and creativity).
3. The author seems to point out how facing challenges and being persistent bring greater progress then just staying within the unrealistic instructional writing. Gaining the experience of writing over time and further developing it can create more progress for writers as they continue to move forward like "thinking outside the box" instead of "thinking inside the box".

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1.  Thinking is relatively different for every student. Some are able to comprehend the task at hand while others need time to process it. Like the author mentioned, most writers need to think about having to outline, draft, revise, and finalize their writing which is okay. It is not the same experience for many writers, so many should not focus on the idea of writing being "free and easy" just because some make it appear so as it can become pressuring.
2. Figuring out the effectiveness of reflective and reactive prewriting mode may help develop a plan or process to support writers.
3. Having various thinking ways brings out the best in each writer, I believe, as not everyone thinks or acts the same way. Therefore, I think that having the opportunity to process thoughts (on paper or in mind) would really be effective.

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1)A claim from the chapter that can be found on page 72 states that reading like a writer is helpful in identifying the choices an author made and could later implement it in your own writing. This can be related to what we learned about in the Burkean Parlour: A Metaphor. This stated that an idea is a network and that we take ideas from others and our environment and stitch something new out of it.
2)Another important claim could be found on page 73. On this page, the author asks if implementing quotes at the beginning of your essay is a good idea. I would have to say that it is a good idea as when I've written an essay with a quote in the begging I’ve received a positive outcome. An example would be that I used a quote at the beginning of my UC Davis essay and I got into 3 of the 4 UCs I applied to.
3) Something brought up in the chapter is also that most of the time we “read for information” meaning that when we read a recipe to bake something, all we do is read the recipe. When we read something having to do with a sports page, we look to see what team won. Reading like a writer is something completely different and we learn that deeper into the chapter.

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1)One of the author's main arguments is that he believes that we aren’t doing the best we could do with writing. He believes that the reason behind that is that writing is holding us back since we learn about reading and writing in the same class instead of in separate classes.
2)Throughout the text we also learn that the author refers to reading like a writer a lot. An example would be on page 39 where he states that they recognize that students are learning to see elements of fiction in things they read and then these students use them in their own writing.
3)A claim that I found that relates a lot to me is the claim that students are going over every word when reading yet they still aren’t able to comprehend the text and aren't able to successfully do the assignment associated with the reading. The reason I relate to it a lot is that sometimes I’m reading something and I know what the words are but they aren't making any sense to me.

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1) The authors begin the passage with a bit of background of why writing has become the way it is today. He explains that exceptional writers like Shakespeare, Emerson, Orwell and others put pressure on current writers and make new writers believe that they must create original writing without outside help.
2) The authors stated above kind of built a wall around some writing which makes it harder for new writers/current writers to come up with an idea/writing thats “original”
3) Deeper into the passage, it is stated that one could not have a good piece of writing if they are a “Lone Genius” which is trying to have a good piece of writing without any collaboration.

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1)The author begins the passage with an idea that was something that people used to think was true, which it isn’t to a certain extent. People believed that the best authors were chosen from a powerful source like God himself. He used this example throughout the passage. On page 72 he goes on to say that in thee mid 20th century the idea that writing was a skill some people just had was still something thought.
2) Another main idea is that everyone and anyone could publish anything very easily now-a-days because of electronics and internet. This is used to inforce the fact that people are always reading and writing through things like social media which could include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and others.
3)One of the main ideas in this passage is that the key to help new teachers become better writers is to teach them to respect their own work and not bring themself down. They need to learn to not compare their work to good pieces of writing and think that those authors just write that good all of a sudden. It’s a whole process.

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1) The author begins the passage with his main idea, which is that writers should write before beginning to write. They should be able to do a first draft. He explains that students aren’t taught this throughout their education, rather they are tought the simple techniques of “outlining, note-taking, or journal making” (375) and don’t reveal the process writers go through for their first draft.
2) Another main point brought up throughout the passage is that one must have patience and wait for their idea to fully develop in their hed/mind before actually beginning to write. It is explained that some of the best writers wait several months before actually beginning to plot down and begin writing. Annie Dillard explained how she gets her ideas in November but actually waits until January to begin writing.
3) A main point that caught my attention while reading was “Rehearsal for Writing.” The reason it caught my eye is because it something i do subconsciously without actually thinking about it. I didn’t know that it was actual way of writing that people use.  “Rehearsal for Writing” is basically when people whisper and mutter to themself while writing which lead to several benefits.

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1) A key claim in the chapter is that the school needs to help students develop literacies so that they reflect on several different things like diversity of social, technological, cultural, linguistic, and economic contexts of which they form a part. He goes way more into detail in the introduction stating of what needs to be recognized from students so that they could grow and improve.
2) A main point that goes hand in hand with the claim above is that high schools aren’t teaching the students about the techniques and skills they need before they get into college. They are being taught things that are obviously useful, but just aren’t fully the things they need for college.
3) Another claim that is said in the conclusion is that for someone to be a literate person, they need to be good at the three Rs’ which are reading, writing, and arithmetic.

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There is a range of literacies. Similar to how writing can come in different forms. All of which are essential in performing well in university.

Writing is important as it's a part of our daily lives. It comes in various forms and may act as a way we navigate the world.

Students who don’t have access to prior knowledge may struggle to adapt to the college workload. The by-product is them doubting themselves as writers

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Reading and writing go hand in hand. Others might be better at one thing than the other. They can then use their skills in that particular field to improve/compliment the other.

Reading like a writer can help you understand how the process of writing is like making choices, and in doing so can help you recognize important decisions you might face and techniques you might want to use when working on your own writing.

Always read critically, even if it's published texts. Anyone's writing can be improved when looking at their choices. can only improve further if we take in the feedback of others

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Students should be able to read and write simultaneously in order to improve their reading and writing skills.

Giving college students the opportunity to keep up with reading to improve on reading/contextualizing skills

Should not overlook reading over writing or writing over reading both are equally important

Instructors need to step up and educate students on how to use different strategies to read difficult texts

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Students are afraid of writing because they believe that they lack originality and that they are not good enough when comparing themselves to great writers

Writing is not a born talent as authors and “great” writers also go through the same  processes as us of feeling frustrated when writing

Writing is collaborative in many ways including inspiration from the outside and others

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There is such a thing as natural talent. However, just because you don't have that specific talent, that does not not make you a bad writer. You can always train and practice to improve

People are not born as good writers, they practice and have habits that help them learn to make themselves good writers

More experienced writers look down on the less experience writers which causes the less experience to “lack” even more

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Even experienced writers go through pre-writing processes

Each person has their own method and process of prewriting. Some may differ from others and some would take longer than others

Each person has their own starting point which they use to “gain control of the subject”

Students should not have to feel like their way of pre-writing is useless as it is in fact an important process that writers go through in order to help plan out their writing drafts.

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One key point that was brought up is that reading was and still is emphasized in students at a young age.  Society focuses more on teaching kids to read due to its relation to the church and view it as a warm subject while writing is seen as a bothersome chore or test.

Another claim made is that writing has evolved due to the enlightenment and progressivism.  With high hopes, people saw the expansion of science as a way for teaching to become a most systematic approach.  On the other hand, progressivism motivated others to seek a newer reform of curriculum by placing more emphasis on each unique child.

Lastly, the author asserts that methods of writing have changed due to the advancement of technology. Because of the internet, not only do more people have access to write but also a new and broader audience.  This is quite beneficial than paper and pen as an author's writing can reach further attention from far places that would not have happened if not for the internet.

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The four literacies framework will help college students during their first year.

The four multiliteracies are institutional literacies, critical literacies, traditional literacies, and academic literacies.

There should be a change in higher education on how students learn to read and write.

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We need to look at the choices that the author makes so we can become better writers.

Even though we are looking at the writer's choices we shouldn’t always do exactly what the writer is doing. We can look at it and then think, is this choice making me as the reader more engaged or helping me better understand the text, and if yes use it.

RLW is just like looking at a piece of writing from an architect's perspective. You are trying to look at the groundwork that the author put in and see how he built this writing.

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Students often become illiterate, or just have difficulty with literacy because of too much time spent on technology.

The author also argues that it is best to teach elementary school kids to read and write at the same time. Carillo also uses research to strengthen her claim, she states that “research has shown that students learn to read and write better when they are instructed in both simultaneously.

Another key point that Carillo mentions is that reading, and writing are both equally creative. She says, “one is creating meaning by putting words and ideas together”, and she says that the same thing happens when reading.

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Inexperienced writers usually have this notion that only super smart people can be good writers.

Our history has led us to that ideology because of the emphasis on the final product and no attention to the process of writing.

The process of metacognition can help inexperienced writers improve

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Most of us have been compared to the greats of writing and how we should strive to be like them.

The comparison to the greats has its impact on writers. It sometimes prevents writers from reaching their full potential by trying to live up to the expectation.

They also talk about how writers strive on originality and demonstrating their creativity.

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Murray emphasizes how the prewriting process is a very important process and it is usually seen as unimportant to teachers.

When we get an idea we must resist or delay the writing, and let that idea sit in our minds for a bit.

There are different forces that influence us to begin the prewriting. These may include increasing information on subject, concern for subject, awaiting audience, and deadlines.

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1. A difference that I noticed between this article and the previous ones is that this one seems to focus more on the historical context of writing as well as the importance or acknowledgment it gets.

2. Tracing back to the beginning of writing and how it has evolved over time appears to be the main focus for Yancey. As new conceptions emerge, I wonder how many influences there have been over the years that have changed the instructional and perception of writing from back then to now as modernization continues to occur.

3. One point that I noticed was similar to the ones made in the previous articles is that writers/composers don’t become writers/composers until they experience “social co-apprentice” instead of alone and just following the instructions.

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The change between writing from back then and the 21st century. How this change is necessary.
Writing has changed overtime and we educators need to develop new ways to teach the curriculum as technology advances.We should take into account who will be reading our work (audience) when writing.
The 21st century is considered a new era of literacy.

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Reading like a writer helps students identify and better understand the choices the author made so that they can make similar choices in their own writing.

Students find it beneficial to determine the genre of reading prior to choosing to use certain reading strategies. For example while reading philosophy a student may choose to look for signal words such as “furthermore” and “despite”.

To read like a writer, one must ask questions about every detail and read simultaneously.

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Reading is just as creative and important as writing because people depend on their humanity, their perspective, identities, and personal experiences to further comprehend and to create their own interpretation of the literature

Lack of connection between reading and writing in education causes students to lose their ability to fully comprehend text which is detrimental in a world that so heavily depends on citizens' ability to consume literature and information to continue pushing civil rights and humanity forward.

Reading and writing are connected and should be taught at the same time

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There is a common belief especially in novice writers that writers must work in solitude at desk to produce great works

The idea of the solitary, genius writer creates a culture in which new writers fear being unoriginal and must strive to prove their creativity/genius

Lone genius doesn’t exist and never has, great writers have always been highly collaborative and messy in their writing process

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By declaring writers as geniuses we remove ourselves from the activity of writing, which is social and contextual.

The ideal of the individual genius author is practically problematic because everyday authorship practices are inherently social, collaborative and interactive.

Instructors must reject the idea of a genius writer by allowing opportunities for inexperienced authors to write, revise and receive feedback.

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Yancey discusses the historical perceptions of writing in the 20th century. She mentions how we focus more on reading than writing.

Yancey discusses the writing process as it was in the past and how it is now.

The writing in the 21st century is very different from the writing in the past, especially now with all the technology that we have.

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Procrastination, increasing information, increasing concern, waiting audience, and approaching deadlines are active forces  that push writers towards writing a piece.

There is a rehearsal process in writing that all writers do from children to adults.

There are signals that a writer is near writing something during the rehearsal process some of these signal include knowing pov, genre, and voice of the character or piece of writing.

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Reading like a writer makes you think deeper in the why, and what about the text makes you feel, think, argue etc that a makes you feel passionate about the text

Writing also includes techniques some may work and some may not. It's about the risk and the choice you make. Writing not only includes of the word choice and the figurative language but about how you put the text together

The genre of the text is really important because the style you write it affects the way you deliver to your audience.

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Social media gave people/ communities  who have never had power, power and influence. With this came the ability to stimulate civil action and control the action of the masses

The teaching of writing in college was born out of necessity as students failed to meet writing standards. However the composition courses created lacked a research based planned curriculum like other disciplines of the time had.

Reading is emphasized in society because it is used to control minds while  writing promotes expression and helps people exercise their freedoms

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Reading and writing go alongside together and that is why she named the title that they don’t go together because it’s a lie

And that studies show that when students are taught both reading and writing at the same time they learn more

When reading we interpret the text and when doing we think creatively and critically about what the text means

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We have to understand that writing is hard. And accept the fact that writing isn't made for everyone.

There are famous writers that have set the expectations for writing but we have to understand that we ourselves can come up with original thoughts.

If society didn’t expect us to be like certain writers or have expectations, more people would want to be published authors

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We have to stop comparing ourselves and our work to other people's skill takes time and that’s what people who are good authors did when they practiced until they got better at it.

Skill or talent isn’t something that we are born with is something we must learn and practice

A word she brought up in the reading was Metacognition is our thought process. So being able to dig deeper into the text and critically analyzing what the author is saying.

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“Instruction in language arts and literature consistently and often forcefully exposes students to writers who have been canonized as The Greats: geniuses of thought, master wordsmiths, and inspired creators.” We are always shown “wise men” but never show how to improve our writing abilities.

“It designates a coveted status against which many, if it all, writers are compared. It is etched into intellectual property debates, woven into anxieties and uncertainties over plagiarism.”  A lot of these well known authors' writing is glamorized creating a false reality and fear of writers' work not being “good enough” for many young writers.

“The Line Genius author doesn’t exist. And it never did.” This is a prime example of how perfect writing doesn't exist even though many people believe that it does.

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The main points of this text is to teach us students the different forces than happen when writing both negative and positive

When a writer gets writer's block is a good thing but writers like to think of it as a bad thing when it helps them think more deeply about their ideas.

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Many people write as a way to express their feelings and remember any feelings they may have had during a specific time in their lives. Others would simply write to vent, writing has allowed people to hold certain emotions during various times in their lives. One of the main takeaways of writing is to allow the reader to have some sort of emotion and or reaction to what is being read. Causing a sort of reaction is a success. Along with the advancements in technology the overall composition between the 20th and the 21st structure should change as well. There should be an overall change in the writing instruction.

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The main point of the story is learning the different curriculums in writing

Children are taught reading rather than writing. And that is because historically children have been more open to the idea of reading than writing.

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Students set their own limitations because we have a misiterpation of what writing really is, we tend to believe that it’s something that comes natural to most which isn’t always true.

The myth that people are born naturally good writers was enforced for many years because instructors only cared for the outcome not the process.

People who didn’t fit the university's demographic and came from different cultural backgrounds felt at a disadvantage as a result which is a main reason why many feel fear when writing because they carry this internalized fear of being critiqued.

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* Reading and writing was taught separately making it harder for students to learn to the bets of their ability in both.

Reading is fundamental to writing because it provides students with more of a clear understanding and examples of what is expected when writing.

A lot of students only read because they are assigned to completely disregard how creative both reading and writing can be.

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In our college-level courses, Mike Bunn guides us first-year students through the transition of learning how to write effectively. As writers, we must read in order to comprehend the author's goals, the readership he or she intended, the style and genre the author utilized. In order to fully understand the readings and incorporate them into your work, authors should be able to analyze them.

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Writing is important because it happens daily and we use it formally and it informally

Education is important and because of it education should change when it comes to reading and writing

Focuses on the different types of literacies

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Miller and Schulz give us incoming college students a list of literacies and how they differ from one another. Institutional literacy is essential as it allows us students to acquire writing skills we can use in and outside of a classroom setting. Critical literacy also allows one to get a board of understanding of the texts that they are analyzing.

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Writing is an experiment, it is full of trial and error, there is always space for improvement and modifications and that is what becoming a good writer revolves around.

It is hard for writers to write under pressure or a limited time span. The more insight the writer has on a certain topic, the easier it is for the writer’s ideas to flow into their paper.

The process of writing shouldn’t be done in a one class sitting, it should be an extensive process with time for writers to process and brainstorm ideas rather than having writers think about what to write on the spot, this creates anxiety amongst many upcoming writers.

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- Miller and Schulz claim that the framework developed at the University in Australia would allow for the rise of completion and retention rates that would give students of all groups a more well-rounded experience in their educational career.  Miller and Schulz also explicitly point out that while students are participating in secondary school they are being prepared for the advancement of employment and university. On the other hand, tertiary school is to prepare students for reality and all of the struggles that come with living a independent adult life.
- Miller and Schulz address that multi-literacies are essential to have in order to merely participate in a diverse community and especially at the university.
- Another key claim to consider is when Miller and Schulz mention that this planned framework for first year literacy students of all backgrounds will use what they learn from this framework to have a smoother transition to the university-level literacy levels.

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Reading and writing is something we all do everyday. Some might be better than others at it, but it’s something we all do and practice daily

Learning the skill of reading like a writer is essential and  can help when making decisions you might face and techniques you might want to use when writing on your own.

Analyzing literature is important because when reading like a writer you can further understand the author’s perspective and also learn new techniques.

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Reading and writing are the two essential skills to communicate and to be successful in school. The idea that reading and writing are not connected is one of the bad ideas that people often believe

Reading is less introduced to students in secondary school and it is a problem in which needs to be fixed

Reading and writing need to be taught to students simultaneously in order to be effective as studies have shown. They are both important sets of skills that need to be taught in order for students to succeed post secondary school

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Writing now is way different than what it was back then therefore students should not be held up to such high standards. Unrealistic expectations they hold everyday writers

Writing is hard and it is completely okay if it doesn’t come easy to everyone. We all have different things in which inspires us and makes us write better

Students should not be compared to “The Greats” of writing, and professors should not expect students to write such pieces.

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Writing can be improved as long as it is practiced and anyone can improve their writing as long as they are willing to put in the time and effort.

A great analogy Parrot used in the text was writing is like sports, with practice one can improve their skill

Teachers often are the ones who put students down because they compare us to “genius authors” and it is simply not possible to compare every student because we all have and come from different backgrounds.

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1. Murray creates a moment of exposure as he claims that writing includes its complexity in its “processes of perception and conception” within the English language which can hinder the process of writing.

2. I like Murray’s take on how it is most common for writers to write for others’ satisfaction, knowledge, or entertainment rather than just simply writing for themselves

3. Murray really emphasizes how writing even if it’s just one line can affect the way the reader perceives what the writer is trying to say as he claims that one line has an affect on the tone of an entire subject.

4. Murray also claims that there should be a designated area of instruction for prewriting to better aid students in the process of rehearsal and the mere experience of the rehearsal process.

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-Before society thought they could control their people through reading because through writing they felt they would “exercise their own control”

-Reading was associated with feelings of warmth and intimacy because of the church. And the writing was associated with unpleasantness

-Writing has gotten improved over the years because of the technological advancements

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Few teachers are giving enough time for students to prewrite, even curricula plans and textbooks usually pass over prewriting

Resistance to writing is actually a good thing, although we are procrastinating it gives the idea of what we are going to do more time to sink in

Writing is an act of arrogance and communication because writers rarely write for themselves

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It was believed that only those who were skilled were able to write good essays but that isn’t the case. Those who practice revising their work do better than those who don’t

Writing does come easier to some but that’s only because they have more experience with writing

Good writers are not born they are learned

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Popular writers like Shakespeare set unrealistic expectations for the everyday writer because not everyone can write as good as them

The lone genius never existed because everyone gets inspiration from everyday things and people

Writing requires talking to friends, asking for help from colleagues, and finding answers and ideas from other writings

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Reading and writing are connected practices which means it is a bad idea to prioritize just writing. This is bad because when you prioritize writing you aren’t getting the knowledge you get from reading

Research has shown that students learn to read and write better when they are taught both simultaneously. This is because when you learn two things at once it’s harder for you to forget rather than if you would have learned one and then go back to it later.

Reading and writing are important skills needed to help our democracy grow and function. These skills are so important which is why schools should prioritize teaching us how to use these skills to help us.

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Analyzing why the author chose to write what they did is the first step in being able to read like a writer. Doing this will help you get into their mindset and see why adding what they did helped influence their writing.

In order to analyze what the author is saying you have to look at the bigger picture which is the book as a whole. You want to be able to understand the genre because it gives you a better idea of why the author is adding the choices they did. For example, the genre helps you understand why the author choose to use a different word than what you would have chosen or if they are writing formally.

It’s important to know not everyone will get the hang of this technique right away and that is completely fine because hardly anyone is able to get it on their first try. Another important note is that when trying to read like a writer you don’t want to analyze every single thing the author is saying because that is way too much work and will only stress you.

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Developing literacies is hard because schools have a hard time trying to develop student literacies since everyone comes from different social and economic backgrounds

Since our world is rapidly advancing we need to understand different types of literacies in order to keep up

In order to be successful you need to understand that literacies are changing every day and we need to be able to change and adapt to those literacies to not fall behind in society

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1)One of the main ideas in this text is that we students and writers must learn how to use the new technologies and things that have evolved through the years and implement them into the way we write at the moment.
2) This text also has lots of historic facts about writing. This article would be really good If I wanted to implement historical information about literature.
3) The conclusion included another main point. It states that those of us that are literate or that teach literacy must take up three rules. One was being able to use the different techniques of literacy that are evolving in front of our eyes. The second one was designing a new model of curriculum for K-grad students. The third was finding and creating new ways to teach in general.

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In Mike Bunn’s “How to Read like a Writer?”, he discusses the methodologies and the results that arise from RLW. RLW is a method of reading that allows students to understand the perspective of the author and teach them how to become better writers. RLW starts before you pick up the book. It’s important to ask yourself questions such as “Who is the intended audience?” and “What is the purpose?”. Then as you read, you are actively engaged in the text by marking it up which helps you find answers to the questions you’re asking as you read. This results in students learning how to break down a piece of text to understand the thought process of the author. Then use that same thought process to improve their writing in the future.

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In Carillo’s “ Reading and Writing are not Connect”, she explains why the lack of emphasis on reading within tertiary schooling is an ineffective way of teaching. In college-level writing, there’s a shift of emphasis to writing while in secondary and primary school, there was an equal emphasis on reading and writing. This shift makes students believe that reading is passive when it’s just as active as writing since they have to question and bring their own experiences into the text. This applies to reading outside the classroom and students could be easily fooled into believing lies if they don’t question the text that they’re reading. It is especially important in the modern era where false information can spread easily and quickly.

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In “Some People Are Just Born Good Writers” Jill Parrott, dismantles the myth that people are great writers by nature and that inspiration always comes easy. When in reality, reading and writing skills can be improved through a process of learned techniques and a growth mindset. In addition, students can improve through metacognition which is learning how you learn. Unfortunately, students don’t have a safe learning zone to make mistakes so they face negative repercussions when learning. Students are led to believe that the best writing comes when you’re alone but that's false. Being able to bounce ideas off of your peers allows for better writing since it’s intrinsically collaborative.

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Edwards and Paz’s “Only Geniuses Can Be Writers”, describes the domino effect resulting from Genius writers setting preposterous expectations for beginners. The reason why beginners get this perspective is that authors discreetly hide the chaotic writing process and only reveal the refined version of it. In addition, beginners don’t know that authorship doesn’t magically appear; instead, it starts with getting inspiration from outside resources and research. Students get the impression that to be a great writer, the word must come out as a coherent sentence but that's not true. Writing is difficult so it’s normal to struggle because even the expert does too.

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In Donald Murray's “Write before Writing”, he informs educators about the importance of allowing students to take their time during the prewriting stage. Hesitance towards writing lets students nurture the ideas and think about them in the back of their minds. After students have ruminated on their ideas, they can start writing either after they planned it out in their mind(Reactive) or as they write to discover(Reflective). Furthermore, Murray identifies nine pointers to help guide the writer in the right direction which include the topic, genre, point of view, voice, news, line, image, pattern, and problem. In addition, writers face four different pressures which include increasing information, concern, waiting for the audience, and approaching the deadline.

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In Yancey’s “Writing in the 21st century”, she encourages educators to revamp the current writing curriculum to teach students to become better-suited writers through the technological change in literature. With the easy accessibility of the computer, writing is everywhere. The majority of writing is now self-sponsored and used to participate in a conversation. People don’t learn how to write through traditional apprenticeships but now are an apprentice to the internet. Now compare and contrast the new world that we live in and the old writing process which consists of invention drafting, peer revision, reflection, and writing and publishing. Some flaws with the writing process are that it reduces the number of applications of its process and it is now used to test comprehension through standardized testing.

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1. Yancey allows for the reason behind her call to action to develop a society with better writers as she emphasizes that kids need to stay in school in order to make a difference in society with the knowledge and dedication necessary to contribute to society rather than just become full of riches.

2. A loud claim that Yancey makes is extremely impactful as she recognizes that reading was a practice that was encouraged to keep a society filled with entertainment of certain information rather than using writing as a way for people to build and share their own ideas.

3. Yancey approaches that writing is a practice that is constantly evolving and comprehended in several ways to which the process of coming full circle with the subject will never end