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Circa: 1700-1100 BCE.
The Shang dynasty is said to be one of the three dynasties from China's bronze age. The kings from the Shang dynasties were said to have "ruled from a succession of capitals in the Yellow River Valley" as Cothren and Stokstad state, in the textbook. Archaeologists have discovered walled cities, palaces, and even royal tombs, in the area that was once the yellow river valley. The culture of the Shang was wildly spread in neighboring cities. Bronze vessels from the Shang dynasty were said to be used to connect with ritual practices.

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Circa: 1100-221 BCE.
The Zhou dynasty was said to have a feudal society, in which nobles or other royals related to the king ruled over numerous smaller states. The textbook states that there was specific ways that nobles were ranked such as "duke and marquis. The supreme deity became known as Tian. or Heaven, and the king ruled as the Son of Heaven." The Zhou Dynasty was said to be the longest-lasting Chinese dynasty. From this era, many of china's ancient philosophers emerged, such as Confucious. Bronze objects played a big role in the Zhou's ritualistic practices.  "One of the most spectacular recent discoveries is a carillon of 65 bronze components, mostly bells arranged in a formation 25 feet long (FIG. 11–6), found in the tomb of Marquis Yi of the state of Zeng." It's interesting how even a noble with a lower power also got ritual practices.

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Circa: 206 BCE-220 CE.
During this period China went through a time of peace, prosperity and stability. The beginning of China's Han dynasty marks the "twilight of China’s so-called mythocentric age, when people believed in a close relationship between the human and supernatural worlds". A banner was discovered on the tomb of the Marquess of Dai. The banner is "painted with scenes representing three levels of the universe—heaven, earth, and underworld—as well as a portrait of the deceased." It perhaps is used to symbolize one's life. Overall, the Han dynasty marked the beginning of a new age for China.

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Circa: 618-907 AD
The Tang Dynasty is commonly known for it's contribution to poetry. Many artists in the Tang dynasty began to incorporate poems into their pieces. "The inscription refers to the artist’s inspiration—for the subject, found in the lines of a Tang-dynasty poem". This became common for artists to use inspiration from poems in the Tang dynasty. Most pieces embodied the idea of what an ideal scholar was said to appear like, back in imperial China.

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Circa: 960-1279 CE.
Shortly after the fall of the Tang dynasty, China was united again, but this time under the reign of the Song dynasty. The Song dynasty wasn't nearly as strong and was overthrown. They had to relocate their capital from Bianjing to Hangzhou when in 1126 "the Jurchen tribes of Manchuria invaded China, sacked the capital, and took possession of much of the northern part of the country." This caused the dynasty to be divided into two. "From this point on, the dynasty is known as the Southern Song (1127–1179), with the first portion called in retrospect the Northern Song (960–1226)." After that, the Song dynasty flourished, especially in schooling and its art. More specifically, in ceramics and painting.