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"I agree with van Helmont. Only the water could have made this much difference"

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"I agree with van Helmont. Only the water could have made this much difference"

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"But I think that plants make their food from sunlight"

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"But I think that plants make their food from sunlight"

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"Some of the tree may have grown from minerals in the soil"

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"Some of the tree may have grown from minerals in the soil"

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"van Helmont may not have known about the gases in the air"

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"van Helmont may not have known about the gases in the air"

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Try to summarise what the experiments of van Helmont and other scientists suggest. What extra information would it be useful to know?

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Try to summarise what the experiments of van Helmont and other scientists suggest. What extra information would it be useful to know?

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader

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I do not agree because water is a food source but no living thing could survive ONLY with water. Van Helmont should have measured the amount of water he put on it and also have controlled the other variable to know if water was the only factor that made this difference.

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As a group we think that water is a source but not the only needed for plants to grow and live. The experiment does not show us how much water was added in 5 years, therefore he should have been more specific with the amount of water added.

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Javier Albertini, Trinidad Duran, Josefina Pereira & Bernardita Nestler

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Javier Albertini, Trinidad Duran, Josefina Pereira & Bernardita Nestler

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We do not agree with this statement. Water is one of the natural sources all living beings need in order to survive. Sunlight and air are also necessary for survival. Ven Helmont should have measured and payed attention to the other variables. That way he could have an accurate picture of the effect from the different variables.

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We don't agree. We think that water is a food source but plants cannot live with water only. In the experiment he didn't say how much water exactly did he used. We think that he should have changed another variable like light to see if the water was the only factor or not.

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Antonia Guajardo, Emilia Toro, Angeles Izquierdo 

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Antonia Guajardo, Emilia Toro, Angeles Izquierdo 

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We will explain that plants do need sunlight to grow, but just as it is with water, they cannot grow only with sunlight. Plants need both water and sunlight together to grow. So sunlight could actually contribute to the increase of mass of the plant but not by it's own.

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Trinidad Duran, Josefina Pereira, Javier Albertini & Bernardita Nestler

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Trinidad Duran, Josefina Pereira, Javier Albertini & Bernardita Nestler

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Plants do use sunlight to make food but they also need carbon dioxide, which they extract from the air. Plants also use chlorophyll, a molecule, to absorb sunlight.
Plants also need water in order to survive.

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Sunlight is the energy provided by the sun, it does not have mass. As a group, we agree with this answer, but it is not complete because it needs more than just sunlight for a plant to thrive. We think that the experiment was not specific on how much light the plant was exposed to.

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader.

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader.

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Sunlight is solar energy and it develops life on Earth.
Sunlight does not have mass, anyways it is one of the factors that help the growth of the plant. So, sunlight is needed for plants to grow because during photosynthesis plants absorb this solar energy with their leaves and use it to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose.

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Anto Guajardo, Emilia Toro, Angeles Izquierdo 

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Anto Guajardo, Emilia Toro, Angeles Izquierdo 

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Even though there are some plants that can grow without soil, the fact that these plants were put in soil that had minerals made them grow even more. Plants can grow without minerals from the soil but they wont grow as much the ones that do absorb minerals. So again, we can see that water was not the only factor on the growth of the trees.

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Soil is made "mainly of mineral particles, organic materials, air, water and living organisms". As a group, we agree that the tree can grow stronger and more stable when the soil has minerals, but it doesn't restrain the plant's growth.

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Josefina Pereira, Javier Albertini, Trinidad Duran & Bernardita Nestler

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Josefina Pereira, Javier Albertini, Trinidad Duran & Bernardita Nestler

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Soil is a major source of nutrients and minerals needed by plants for growth. Fertile soil is rich in nutrients for plants to take advantage of.
Plants can grow without soil but they cannot grow without the necessities that soil provides.

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader.

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader.

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Soil come from the deterioration of rocks and it contains minerals, organic materials, living organisms, among others.
In the experiment, the mass of the soil decreased and this could have happened because the plant absorbed the minerals and also because of the living things that the soil contain, which decompose it.
Some plants can grow without soil, but in this experiment it would not have worked.
Plants do not come from soil but the minerals help them grow better and in a better shape.

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Antonia Guajardo, Emilia Toro & Angeles Izquierdo 

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Antonia Guajardo, Emilia Toro & Angeles Izquierdo 

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Based on the evidence, we know that plants have more mass if there is more concentration of gasses, but there is not much evidence of the concentration of gasses that were present on the experiment. We don't know if Van Helmont was aware of these or not.

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There are many gases in the air for example, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide etc.
With the results and evidence show in the line graph we can conclude that the average of the CO2 concentration (ppm) does affect the plants weight (g). There is no evidence on the experiment that Helmont knew or took in consideration the gases in the air.

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Josefina Pereira, Javier Albertini, Trinidad Duran & Bernardita Nestler

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Josefina Pereira, Javier Albertini, Trinidad Duran & Bernardita Nestler

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We don't know if Helmont knew about the gasses in the air. but in the chart, when CO2 levels were higher, the plant's mass was greater.

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader.

# data[].attributes.subject
Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader.

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The main gases that are in the air are nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. However, there are some others but is less amount.
Gases do have mass. Even though they are very light we can see the difference between an empty balloon and a balloon filled with air.
We can show that gases have an effect on increasing the mass of a plant (or the length) by observing the width of the stem and the number of leaves of a plant. Another way is by measuring the amount of oxygen that the plant releases.
By analyzing the data, we can realize that carbon dioxide in the air affects the growth of plants. The data shows that there is a high concentration of CO2 and it also shows the impact on the growth of the plant. The plants grow a lot more when they have high amounts of this gas.

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Josefina Pereira, Trinidad Duran, Javier Albertini & Bernardita Nestler

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Josefina Pereira, Trinidad Duran, Javier Albertini & Bernardita Nestler

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Helmont's ideas were in the right path; however, he isolated some of the variables and assessed them as individual variables that didn't work together to create a phenomenon.
Simply put, wood is yielded by trees. Much of the wood we use comes from plantation forests, but a significant portion of it is extracted from natural forests. Wood and timber comes from the trees' trunks and branches. Wood is an organic material, it comes from nature. The photosynthesis is a process that involves a connection of variables such as light, water, soil, minerals, CO2. This process helps the plant develop their food and grow.

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader

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Antonia Becker, Christine Holmes, Rafaela Dutrey and Arantxa Schrader

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The experiment of Van Helmont suggests where wood comes from. If we take into consideration sunlight, water, soil, and gases, those are the factors that make trees grow, and wood is taken out from trees. Without knowing, this scientist discovered the process of photosynthesis.
The extra information that we would need is how to measure these different factors to see how much they impact the growth of plants.

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We came to the conclusion that the experiments were about the process and requirements that plants need to grow.  It would be useful if the variables were more specific and managed correctly so that the results are accurate and more reliable. These experiments also make us question more about plants and their growth.

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Antonia Guajardo, Emilia Toro & Angeles izquierdo 

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Antonia Guajardo, Emilia Toro & Angeles izquierdo 

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We could conclude that there are many different variables that affect on plants growth, some of them are vital like water and sunlight and others may be present or not like minerals from the soil, but they help to make the plant grow more in mass. Gasses in the air also have an effect on the growth of plants, even though they were not present on the evidence of this experiment.