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The Egyptian Eighteenth Dynasty's empire at is greatest territorial extend under Thutmose III

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Egypt's geography and topography were instrumental in shaping its history and society.

Egyptian civilisation emerged along an 800-kilometre stretch of the Nile Valley. Surrounded by desert and only 40,000 square kilometres of cultivable land, the people were forced into cooperation.

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Egypt was rich in natural resources. It relied on the Nile to flood each year and dump layers of fertile silt, which created rich farming land. The main crops included wheat and barley; however, farmers also grew a range of vegetables and fruits, such as lettuce, leeks, figs, and grapes. The river also provided a hunting ground for wildlife throughout the year.

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Menna and Family hunting in the marshes in the Tomb of Menna Nina M. Davies, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

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Resources Available: Egyptians quarried different minerals, such as limestone, basalt, diorite, granite, calcite, and quartzite, and used these materials to create objects ranging from tiny beads to colossal statues. They also mined for precious semi-stones such as turquoise, jasper, carnelian and amethyst.

The deserts provided Egyptians with an abundance of gold. The resource they didn't have was timber.

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Objects created out of minerals during Ancient Egypt New Kingdom period

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The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian nation between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC. This period of ancient Egyptian history covers the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties. Through radiocarbon dating, the establishment of the New Kingdom has been placed between 1570 BC and 1544 BC. The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. It was the most prosperous time for the Egyptian people and marked the peak of Egypt's power

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Punt: Incense (Frankincense and Myrrh), Gold, Ebony, Ivory, Exotic animals (monkeys, baboons and giraffes), precious stones and rare woods

Nubia (Kush and Sudan): Gold, Ivory, Ebony, exotic animals (Leopards) and their skins.

Lybia: Cattle and livestock, leather, Ivory and Animal Skins. Manpower for armies.

Syria: Timber (Cedar Wood), Copper and Bronze, Silver, Wine, Olive Oil, Horses, and Lapis Lazuli.

Syria (Levant): Resins and Perfumes, horses and Cattle, Textiles and Dyes (Tyrian Purple), Olive Oil, wine and silver.

Cyprus (Alashiya): Key source of Copper