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March 3, 1865 - Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865 - Freedmen’s Bureau created

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What was the Freedmen's Bureau?

The freedmen's bureau was a federal agency.

Why was it created?

The freedmen's bureau helped formerly enslaved people and poor white people after the civil war had ended.

The freedmen's bureau was established in order to provide necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and more to these struggling Southerners.

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April 15, 1865 - Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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April 15, 1865 - Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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Who was Abraham Lincoln?

Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States.

Why was he assassinated?

John Wilkes Booth, president Lincoln's assassinator, disliked the president's views and wanted confederacy to be put back into place.

What were his policies towards slavery?

In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared that all slaves in confederate states should be free.

Lincoln also very strongly supported the 13th amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

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April 15, 1865 - Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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April 15, 1865 - Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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Who was Andrew Johnson?

Andrew Johnson was the vice president of the United States. He then became the 17th president of the United States due to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

What were his policies towards Reconstruction?

A policy of Andrew Johnson during reconstruction was him granting amnesty and returning people's property if they pledge to be loyal to the United States.

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Fall 1865 - Black Codes start to be implemented throughout the South

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Fall 1865 - Black Codes start to be implemented throughout the South

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What were the Black Codes?

The black codes were laws that were passed in the Southern United States that were meant to limit the rights of African Americans.

Some Outcomes:

Black codes enforced racial segregation, reduced the power of black voters, and overall restricted black people's rights.

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Dec 6, 1865 - 13th Amendment is ratified

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Dec 6, 1865 - 13th Amendment is ratified

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The 13th Amendment:

The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

Effectiveness:

The 13th Amendment was successful, freeing four million African Americans.

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The Ku Klux Klan:

The KKK (Ku Klux Klan) is a white supremacist, terrorist, and hate organization altogether.

The Ku Klux Klan was attempting to reverse the progressive Reconstruction activties that were happening in the south, eliminating policies that gave black people more rights.

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What is the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

The Civil Rights act of 1866 was the first civil rights law in the United States.

What did it represent?

It set forth the concept in which all people who were born in the country were citizens with full rights.

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Incident Explanation:

During this event, black residents of Memphis, Tennessee, were attacked by a white mob.

Aftermath:

After the riots were said and done, forty-six black and two white people were killed with seventy five people injured overall.

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868: Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868: Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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Action:

The Reconstruction Act of 1867 made former confederate states allow black Americans to vote and participate in the government.

The acts separated these states into five military districts (excluding Tennessee).

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June 1870 - Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo

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June 1870 - Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo

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Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo's Goal:

The Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty that tried to annex the Dominican Republic as US territory.

This attempted treaty failed in the end.

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July 28, 1868 - 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868 - 14th Amendment is ratified

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The 14th Amendment:

The 14th amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States [which included formerly enslaved people].

Effectiveness:

Although the 14th Amendment did grant protection, this protection itself was not fully protected or enforced. The 14th Amendment was helpful while also not being totally useful.

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November 3, 1868 - Ulysses S. Grant elected

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November 3, 1868 - Ulysses S. Grant elected

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Who was Ulysses S. Grant?

Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th president of the United States

What were his policies towards Reconstruction?

U.S. Grant worked on using federal power to protect the civil rights of African Americans in the South. He also supported many legislative acts that helped to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to prevent any more terrorism which was due to the Ku Klux Klan.

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Winter 1868 - Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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Winter 1868 - Southern Constitutional Conventions including freedman

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New SCC:

Southern states held new Constitutional Conventions.

During these times, freedmen (people freed from slavery) participated.

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February 3, 1870 - 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870 - 15th Amendment is ratified

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The 15th Amendment:

The 15th Amendment prohibited government and states from denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Effectiveness:

the 15th amendment effectiveness was successful at eliminating race and color discrimination in voting.

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What was the Colfax Massacre?

During this event, an estimated 62-153 black militia men were murdered while surrendering to the Ku Klux Klan.

Significance:

This event was important because it showed the resistance of racial progress for black people in a dangerous way.

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1875 - Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875 - Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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Mississippi Plan:

The plan was developed by white Southern Democrats in order to overthrow the Republican Party.

They did this by means of organized threats and voter suppression against African American citizens as well as white Republican voters.

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After the 1876 election - Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election - Compromise of 1877

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What was this Compromise?

The compromise of 1877 was an unwritten political deal to settle the dispute over the results of the 1876 presidential election.

Aftermath:

This compromise ended the reconstruction era.