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The fundamental concept in geology that describes the continuous transformations among the three main types of rocks: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. This cycle outlines how rocks are formed, altered, and destroyed through various geological processes over time.

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When magma reaches the Earth's surface, it is called lava. This eruption can occur at volcanic vents, mid-ocean ridges, or other tectonic plate boundaries. The lava cools and solidifies rapidly to form extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks

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Magma is a mixture of molten and semi-molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface. It originates in the lower part of the Earth's crust and the upper portion of the mantle due to decompression melting or the transfer of heat from hot, liquid rock intruding into the cold crust

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If magma cools slowly within the Earth's crust over centuries to millions of years, it forms intrusive igneous rocks. These rocks have large crystals due to the slow cooling process

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Igneous rocks undergo mechanical and chemical weathering, breaking them into sediments. These sediments are then eroded and transported by wind, water, or ice and are eventually deposited in locations like rivers, lakes, or oceans.

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The transported sediments are deposited in layers. Over time, these layers are compacted by the weight of overlying sediments, forming sedimentary rocks. Cementation can also occur, where minerals precipitate out of solution to bind the sediment grains together

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Sedimentary rocks can transform into metamorphic rocks under heat and pressure. Metamorphic rocks can then melt into magma, which may rise as lava, restarting the rock cycle.