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Vi har indelt vores research i farvekoder som beskrevet herunder

Fastgjort = Corona

Rød = Bevægelser

Gul = Nationale spredninger

Grøn = Minimalisme

Blå = Mental sundhed

Lilla = Politik og Historie

Hvid = Blandet

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Koncept hvor at de ansatte bliver overvåget af deres boss når di arbejder hjemmefra

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Employee monitoring software - Wikipedia

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Tech skabt med henblik på at din mus bevæger sig automatisk så det ligner at du er aktiv mens du arbejder hjemmefra

https://www.wired.com/story/work-from-home-surveillance-software/

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1822 likes, 43 comments. “WE ARE THE FUTURE OF WORK. How are we going to shape it for ourselves and future generations?? 🎨”

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Efter Corona - mere fleksibelt arbejdsliv

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Efter Corona - mere fleksibelt arbejdsliv

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Ny tilgang til arbejde vinder frem – laver kun det mest nødvendige

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Et nyt fænomen, hvor man “siger op mentalt”, vinder frem. Ifølge ekspert kan det både skabe en god kultur, men også føre til en “doven mentalitet”.

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Under Corona var en stor del af arbejdskraften sendt hjem for at arbejde remote. Efter Corona har en stor del af arbejdspladserne beholdt denne praksis i nogen grad, mens andre virksomheder har bedt deres ansatte om at komme tilbage på kontoret fuld tid. Dette frustrerer mange mennesker der har oplevet hvad fleksibiliteten kan gøre i deres hverdag, og finder det unødvendigt at komme tilbage på kontoret fordi undersøgelser siger at produktiviteten er lige så høj når folk er remote.

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This is how the CEOs really feel 🧑🏻‍💼 #comedy #funny #satire #antiwork #workplacehumor #remotework #remoteworklife #bourgeoisie #proletariat

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stjæle fra sin arbejdsplads som en del af anti work 

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stjæle fra sin arbejdsplads som en del af anti work 

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You’ve been blocked by network security.

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Et subreddit som er udsprunget af r/antiwork. Et mindre radikalt subreddit med henblik på at reformere mere end at slette det eksisterende system

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Press J to jump to the feed. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts

Search within r/WorkReform

Found the internet!

A victory for one is a victory for all

Crossposted by

💵 Break Up The Monopolies

8 hours ago

Crossposted by

💵 Break Up The Monopolies

7 hours ago

Posted by

🤝 Join A Union

1 day ago

I'm throwing arbitrary numbers out, but I'm sure a study would find the ideal numbers. The point is to encourage higher base pay with the first number and higher average pay with the second.

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r/WorkReform: r/WorkReform is a movement fighting for a good quality of life for everyone who sells their labor.

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Et udtryk der er startet på tiktok

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svensk organisationen fra 2014 som arbejder på at omstrukturere arbejdsmarkedet. De ønsker fx at digitalisering og ai skal tage over for de mere "ligegyldige" stillinger

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Frihetsförmedlingens vision är att ta ledningen i den nödvändiga omställningen från en ohållbar arbetslinje till ett samhälle präglat av frihet. Vårt mål är att minska – och på sikt eliminera – meningslös sysselsättning och skapa social inklusion, så att fler människor tillsammans kan skapa “frihetens Sverige”.

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Meet The Latest Version Of Quiet Quitting: ‘Lazy Girl Jobs’

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Many young people—of all genders—want jobs that leave plenty of time and energy for the rest of life, which they see as more meaningful than work.

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At få det til at ligne at man gør mere end man gør, og være strategisk omkring sine arbejdsopgaver

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“I don’t want to be a girlboss. I don’t want to hustle,” declaimed another TikTok user. “I simply want to live my life slowly and lay down in a bed of moss with my lover and enjoy the rest of my existence reading books, creating art, and loving myself and the people in my life.”

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"I don't have goals. I don't have ambition. I only want to be attractive." This apathetic declaration is the start of a TikTok rant that went viral for its blatant message: to reject hard work and indulge in leisure. Thousands of young people have since remixed the sound on the app, providing commentary about their post-college plans, dream jobs, or ideal lifestyles as stay-at-home spouses.

Over the past two years, young millennials and members of Gen Z have created an abundance of memes and pithy commentary about their generational disillusionment toward work. The jokes, which correspond with the rise of anti-work ideology online, range from shallow and shameless ( "Rich housewife is the goal") to candid and pessimistic.

"I don't want to be a girlboss. I don't want to hustle," declaimed another TikTok user. "I simply want to live my life slowly and lay down in a bed of moss with my lover and enjoy the rest of my existence reading books, creating art, and loving myself and the people in my life."

Many have taken to declaring how they don't have dream jobs since they " don't dream of labor." This buzzy phrase, popularized on social media in the pandemic, rejects work as a basis for identity, framing it instead as an act to pursue out of financial necessity. To quote the billionaire Kim Kardashian, it does seem like nobody wants to work these days. Nobody wants to work in jobs where they are underpaid, underappreciated, and overworked - especially not young people.

The reality is much more complicated. American workers across various ages, industries, and income brackets have experienced heightened levels of fatigue, burnout, and general dissatisfaction toward their jobs since the pandemic's start. The difference is, more young people are airing these indignations and jaded attitudes on the internet, often to viral acclaim.

Today's young people are not the first to experience economic hardship, but they are the first to broadcast their struggles in ways that, just a decade ago, might alienate potential employers or be deemed too radical. Such attitudes might abate with age, but the Great Resignation has inspired a generation of workers to speak critically - and cynically - about the role of labor in their lives. As a result, zoomers (and millennials, to an extent) have been touted, perhaps undeservedly, as beacons of anti-capitalism and pivotal figures in the nationwide quitting spree.

Activists are hopeful that the current pro-worker momentum can be harnessed into legislative or union-based gains. Still, it's too early to tell whether this brazen anti-work ethos can effectively support and fuel labor organizing. America's youngest workers, who have a lifetime's worth of labor ahead of them, are not afraid to publicly quit their jobs or put employers on blast. But will these virtual acts of employee resistance culminate in lasting systemic change?

Business Insider recently cited data claiming that emboldened Gen Z workers were more "likely to change jobs more often than any other generation," and a recent Bloomberg poll found that millennials, followed by zoomers, are the most likely to leave their current position for a higher salary.

Generational stereotypes and categorizations, for better or for worse, have pervaded our perception of American work culture and the workplace. These age-based categorizations are usually reductive, and exclude key factors like education level, social class, race, and gender in their analyses. Still, they do offer a revealing read into the ambitions and aspirations of the country's youngest workers, regardless of whether they're actively leaving their jobs.

While it's certainly easy to group workers by age, more emphasis should be placed on when people enter the workforce, the coinciding state of the economy, and the various safety net programs in place, said Sarah Damaske, an associate professor of sociology and labor and employment relations at Penn State University.

"It's not necessarily that different generations hold different attitudes about work," Damaske argued. "For millennials and for some members of Gen Z, they've witnessed two recessions, back-to-back. This is a very different labor market experience than what their parents and grandparents encountered."

Many zoomers entered the workforce during the pandemic-affected economy, amid years of stagnant wages and, more recently, rising inflation. "My dad got a job straight out of high school, saved up, and bought a house in his 20s," said Anne Dakota, a 21-year-old receptionist from Asheville, North Carolina, who earns minimum wage. "I don't even think that's possible for me, at least with the current money I make."

Many zoomers entered the workforce during the pandemic-affected economy. Naturally, this has major consequences for social attitudes about work.

Naturally, this has major consequences for social attitudes about work - and the viability of performing labor in times of crisis. What sets zoomers apart, according to common narratives, is their determination to be fulfilled and defined by other aspects of life. They expect employers to recognize that and promote policies and benefits that encourage work-life balance.

For decades, if not centuries, this was not the case. Work has been - and continues to be - a major aspect of the American identity. "Most people identify themselves as workers," said Damaske. "It's an identity that adults willingly take on."

The pandemic changed that for everyone, not just the youngest workers. In addition to reassessing their relationship to work, people are reflecting upon their greater life purpose. One human resources manager called it the " Great Reflection," wherein people are "taking stock of what they want out of a job, what they want out of employment, and what they want out of their life." More often than not, workers are not content with labor that is unsatisfying, low-paying, and potentially harmful. And Gen Z has not been shy about detailing these expectations to employers and on social media.

"I think people are realizing that we just want better for ourselves," said Jade Carson, 22, a content creator who shares career advice for Gen Z. "I want to be in a role where I can grow professionally and personally. I don't want to be stressed, depressed, or always waiting to clock out."

On TikTok, Carson has shared tips on negotiating salary, potential employer red flags to be wary of, and her workplace non-negotiables. Her goal is to help job applicants realize that they should not be afraid to ask for what they deserve, even if most of her audience is currently at the bottom of the career ladder. "Even with internships, I only promote paid opportunities," Carson said. "There's so much valuable free knowledge out there. More people are realizing that they can make career moves or requests they otherwise didn't think they could."

In some cases, workers are quitting without anything lined up. It's a common rallying cry on #QuitTok, where users endorse and applaud those who've left demoralizing jobs.

"I'm here to tell you that you also have permission to quit a job that makes you miserable," said one 28-year-old TikToker, who recently left teaching.

This was the case for Nikki Phillips, 27, who resigned from her role in warehousing and fulfillment services in October, after months of dealing with "a toxic work environment." Though some of her work can be done remotely, Phillips was required to be in the office full time, and eventually she contracted Covid-19 (she was fully vaccinated). The final straw, she said, was when her boss made her feel guilty for being out sick. "Life is about so much more than working yourself to death," Phillips said. "I don't want to keep working 40 hours a week, coming home only to have four hours a night to spend with my kids and boyfriend, and do it all again the next day."

Phillips, a self-described "struggling zillennial," is a single mother of two who dropped out of community college to start working in her early 20s. She didn't expect to leave her old job with nothing lined up, but the experience took "such a drastic toll on [her] happiness" that she felt better walking away: "My mental health and my happiness matters more than my salary, but at the same time, I can't afford to not have a job because I've got bills to pay and two kids to support." And it empowered her to know that so many workers seemed to be doing the same.

Phillips's predicament is reflective of most working-class employees, according to Damaske, who don't have the financial means to stop working for a protracted period of time. As a job seeker without a college degree, Phillips said she struggles to be considered for well-paying opportunities, even in roles she has experience in. Still, she'd rather take a lesser-paying job that allows her to work from home with respectful managers over a well-paid position with little flexibility and a poor work culture. "I want to work with people who understand that I'm a human being and don't expect me to be a corporate slave," Phillips said.

While younger workers have developed a reputation for " job hopping," Damaske believes employers are also to blame. "We really have seen an erosion in the employer-employee contract over the last 40 years," she said. "Why are young people being asked to make commitments to employers who no longer uphold their end of the bargain? Young workers don't get to work for a company until they retire. Those kinds of practices don't happen anymore."

Employers have grown increasingly comfortable laying off employees as a cost-cutting measure, while simultaneously relying more on temporary workers and contractors. Many culled their ranks during the pandemic, so remaining employees often have to take on more job responsibilities and hours. That hadn't always been the case, according to Damaske. This varies by company, but junior workers are often the easiest to let go. ( Research has also found that ethnic minorities and older employees are at higher risk of layoffs, compared to younger, white workers.)

Regardless, many young employees, especially those who've entered the workforce during the past two recessions, have internalized this job insecurity and might be more eager to jump ship if a better offer arises. According to a 2019 Harris poll, workers under 35 expressed more "layoff anxiety" than their older counterparts. Many, as a result, don't develop a work identity that is tied to their employer or their current field of work. In fact, more Americans than ever are looking to start their own businesses, and low-paying workers are trying to pivot to higher-paying industries.

"A lot of young people are looking out for themselves, whether that means building a personal brand or finding a job that works best for their lifestyle," said Carson. "There are so many online resources on social media, even LinkedIn, with people providing so much free career knowledge, like offering to look over resumés and even providing personal referrals."

Carson doesn't think that most zoomers are actually anti-work, at least from a political perspective. In fact, she said, she thinks it's the opposite: She has noticed more young people publicly committing to quit an undesirable job so that they can devote more time to learning new skills, in the hopes of entering a field like tech, which boasts high salaries and good benefits. Many have also left behind corporate roles to work as full-time content creators or freelancers.

"I see a lot of content about people leaving their retail job to try and break into tech," Carson said. "They're quitting their job so they can prepare to find a better job."

What comes after #QuitTok, though,is mostly still work. There is work in figuring out how to pay next month's rent and qualify for health insurance. Some users make retrospective videos, detailing how their lives have changed since quitting a toxic or unsatisfying job. Others document their attempts to switch into an ideal role or industry, which can veer into hustle culture. Instead of emphasizing leisure and personal fulfillment outside of work, these videos lean into a different kind of work identity. The #breakintotech TikTok trend, for example, has been criticized for romanticizing the benefits of a tech job without diving into its realities: long hours, heavy workload, and how developing certain skills, qualifications, and connections can't be done overnight.

What comes after #QuitTok, though, is mostly still work

"There are more people who are not laboring in a traditional sense, but the way I see it, they're still working for their dollar," Phillips said of content creators and independent entrepreneurs. "My dream job is to be a pastry chef. Still, the average pay for a cake decorator is $16 an hour, and I'd rather baking be a hobby that brings me joy."

Most of us won't ever stop working, although it is healthy to detach from an employer-oriented identity. "What people miss is that the dream isn't labor," argued F.D. Signifier in a YouTube video critiquing the buzzy, anti-capitalist phrase. "It's the idea that [people's] work and effort will create new opportunities for them, their families, and their children ... If I don't labor, how will my children eat?"

Young people understand that they have to labor for their livelihoods, but many, like Phillips and Dakota, believe the existing system has set them up to fail. Bleak economic circumstances - exacerbated by crushing student loan debt, growing wealth inequality, and wage stagnation - have soured their perceptions of capitalism. As a result, the generation has adopted more anti-capitalist language to express these discontents.

There is a dissonance, however, between these aggrieved attitudes and the political action necessary to implement change.

The country's youngest workers might be the most zealously vocal online about how labor can be soul-crushingly exploitative and mentally taxing, but they are, after all, only newcomers to the workforce. They might have greater sway in some corporate environments by being upfront about health benefits and remote work flexibility, but these individualized wins have yet to fully diffuse across the workforce - to affect change offline.

American workers currently have significant leverage to demand better conditions and benefits. Employers might still hold a lot of power, but swaths of employees are organizing through unions to better the terms and conditions of their employment. Across the country, workers at Amazon, Chipotle, McDonald's, and Starbucks have petitioned to unionize.

Zoomers are a part of this pro-labor wave, but so far, the age cohort's official participation appears modest. Workers between the ages of 16 and 24 have the lowest union membership rate, according to a 2022 Bureau of Labor Statistics report. It's likely that fewer young people are being hired into unionized roles, given how union membership has significantly declined since the 1980s.

"Most people my age don't have a clear idea of what a union is and don't often ask about it when we're hired," said Dakota, the 21-year-old Asheville receptionist.

Many believe the internet is a useful tool in shifting public opinion, and digital spaces are where young people are first introduced to more progressive ideas. The nonprofit Gen-Z For Change, for example, has over 500 young creators consistently producing progressive content, some of which have highlighted the various unionization efforts across the country. The organization relies on grassroots tactics to draw attention to causes through public-facing creators, who each have their own independent base of followers. Most aren't afraid to engage with comments ( and critics) directly, and their videos often highlight digital organizing strategies that viewers can participate in. For example, members of Gen-Z For Change created a website and tool that can send fake job applications to union-busting Starbucks locations.

Some creators have claimed that explicitly political or pro-labor TikToks are often placed under review, which means they're likely to receive less traction than more apolitical QuitToks. Still, this content is often a scroll or a click away, and digital organizers are hopeful that social media can be harnessed to affect real change.

Dakota felt like she was initially misinformed about why people didn't want to work, until she spent more time reading up on labor unions and worker testimonies. "It's not about people not working," she said. "It's about not settling for a job that diminishes their quality of life. I'm lucky to have realized that early on."
Terry Nguyen is a reporter for Vox covering consumer and internet trends, and technology that influences people's online lives.

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"I don't have goals. I don't have ambition. I only want to be attractive." This apathetic declaration is the start of a TikTok rant that went viral for its blatant message: to reject hard work and indulge in leisure.

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Et koncept hvor man arbejder mindre end man egentlig kan, mens man for det til at ligne at man stadig gør sit arbejde.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Goldbricking (also called cyberloafing or cyberslacking) is the practice of doing less work than one is able to, while maintaining the appearance of working. The term originates from the confidence trick of applying a gold coating to a brick of worthless metal-while workers may appear industrious or productive on the surface, in reality they are less valuable.

A 1999 report estimated that in the United States, because human employees sometimes use internet access at work for non-work related activities, $1 billion a year of employers' computer-resource costs did not yield their desired profitability. Additionally, instances of goldbricking increased markedly when broadband Internet connections became commonplace in workplaces. Before that, the slow speed of dial-up connections meant that spending work-time browsing on the Internet was rarely worthwhile.

Many firms deploy surveillance software to track employees' Internet activity in an effort to limit liability and to improve productivity.

Goldbricking became a mainstream topic when Yahoo! announced in late February 2013 the banning of remote work: it had discovered that its remote workers were not logging into the corporate VPN often enough.

Research has indicated that permitting employees to utilize computer resources for personal use actually increases productivity. Moreover, a study by the National University of Singapore entitled Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work? concluded that using the internet for personal use served the same purpose as a coffee break and helped workers concentrate and stay engaged. Additionally, new research also shows that employees might use cyberloafing to cope with abusive and stressful conditions in the workplace when they perceive that they are being treated unfairly, disrespected, or given unreasonable deadlines.

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Goldbricking (also called cyberloafing or cyberslacking) is the practice of doing less work than one is able to, while maintaining the appearance of working. The term originates from the confidence trick of applying a gold coating to a brick of worthless metal—while workers may appear industrious or productive on the surface, in reality they are less valuable.

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Fik 4,5 mio. amerikanere til at sige deres job op efter en anti-work-bevægelse begyndte at spire på Reddit

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Arbejdsgiverne sidder på hænderne, mens antiarbejde-bevægelser vinder frem verden over

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Antiarbejdebevægelser vinder frem verden over, men det kan i dansk kontekst være en farlig livsfilosofi, der risikerer at undergrave velfærdssamfundet. Derfor skal arbejdsgiverne handle og tage ønsket om balance i arbejdslivet alvorligt, skriver Anja Søndergaard Elsby.

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A subreddit for those who want to end work, are curious about ending work, want to get the most out of a work-free life, want more information on anti-work ideas and want personal help with their own jobs/work-related struggles.

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A subreddit for those who want to end work, are curious about ending work, want to get the most out of a work-free life, want more information on anti-work ideas and want personal help with their own jobs/work-related struggles.

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Why The Big Quit Is Happening And Why Every Boss Should Embrace It

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Workplace flexibility is the new money in today’s post vaccine economy. It’s the ability to walk your dog at 2pm, or drop off kids at 10am. But this can be a challenge for bosses who are used to measuring productivity by seeing who’s left in the office after 7pm. Here’s how to navigate it.

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FIRE (Financial Independence Retirement Early) 

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FIRE (Financial Independence Retirement Early) 

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What Is Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE)?

Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) is a movement of people devoted to a program of extreme savings and investment that aims to allow them to retire far earlier than traditional budgets and retirement plans would permit. Born out of the 1992 best-selling book Your Money or Your Life by Vicki Robin and Joe Dominguez, FIRE came to embody a core premise of the book: People should evaluate every expense in terms of the number of working hours it took to pay for it.

Key Takeaways

Understanding FIRE

The FIRE retirement movement takes direct aim at the conventional retirement age of 65 and the industry that has grown up to encourage people to plan for it. By dedicating a majority of their income to savings, followers of the FIRE movement hope to be able to quit their jobs and live solely off small withdrawals from their portfolios decades before they reach 65.

As reported by Vox, in recent years, millennials in particular have embraced pursuing a FIRE retirement. Proponents of the extreme-saving lifestyle remain in the workforce for several years, saving up to 70% of their yearly income. When their savings reach approximately 30 times their yearly expenses, or roughly $1 million, they may quit their day jobs or retire from work altogether.

To cover their living expenses after retiring at a young age, FIRE devotees make small withdrawals from their savings, typically around 3% to 4% of the balance yearly. Depending on the size of their savings and their desired lifestyle, this requires extreme diligence to monitor expenses as well as dedication to the maintenance and reallocation of their investments.

Several FIRE retirement variations that dictate the lifestyle the FIRE movement's devotees are willing and able to maintain have evolved within it, as reported by Forbes Advisor.

Fat FIRE-This is for the individual with a traditional lifestyle who aims to save substantially more than the average worker but doesn't want to reduce their current standard of living. It generally takes a high salary and aggressive savings and investment strategies for it to work.

Lean FIRE-This requires stringent adherence to minimalist living and extreme savings, necessitating a far more restricted lifestyle. Many Lean FIRE adherents live on $25,000 or less per year.

Barista FIRE-This is for people who want to exist between the two choices above. They quit their traditional 9-to-5 jobs, but use a combination of part-time work and savings to live a less-than-minimalist lifestyle. The former lets them obtain health coverage, while the latter prevents them from dipping into their retirement funds.

For Whom Is FIRE Really?

Most people think that FIRE is meant for people who can pull in a substantial income, generally in the six figures. And indeed, if your goal is to retire in your 30s or 40s, that probably is the case. However, there is plenty for everyone to learn from the principles of the movement that can help people save for their own retirement and even achieve an early one, if not quite as early as 40.

And remember, the first part of FIRE stands for financial independence, something that, if achieved, can allow you to-instead of retiring-work at something you love rather than something you have to do. Author Robin says in the book that FIRE is not just about retiring early; rather, it teaches you how to consume less while living better.

Detailed planning

It is important for everyone to plan for their retirement, and yet, according to a May 2021 report from the Federal Reserve System Board of Governors, in 2020, one in four Americans had no retirement savings whatsoever, while 36% who did have savings felt that their retirement plans were not on track. The FIRE movement stresses the importance of having a detailed plan and sticking to it, principles that will aid anyone in saving for retirement and maintaining a decent emergency fund.

Economic discipline

In order to achieve a FIRE retirement, you have to maximize your income while minimizing your expenses. Retiring by 40 requires you to go to extremes to succeed, but everyone can benefit from making and sticking to a budget while doing all they can to earn as much money as possible, whether it's by getting a better job, adding a second one, or creating additional revenue streams through sideline businesses or owning rental property.

Wise investment

No one can achieve a secure retirement without investing in their retirement savings. FIRE adherents invest larger portions of their income than the average person will want to. But the principle of setting aside a set percentage of your income every month for investment-and starting to do that as early as possible-will allow you to grow your retirement savings to a point where they can assure you financial stability in your later years.

What Does FIRE Really Mean?

The acronym FIRE means Financial Independence, Retire Early and is a term from the book Your Money or Your Life by Vicki Robin and Joe Dominguez, which was first published in 1992. A revised and updated version was released in 2008 and again in 2018.

The aim of the book, according to comments by Robin, is not to convey a master plan for early retirement; it is to show people how to live well while consuming less in order to have a more rewarding life while wasting less of the world's resources. Or, as Robin put it, "If you live for having it all, what you have is never enough."

How Does FIRE Work?

Followers of FIRE plan to retire much earlier than the traditional retirement age of 65 by dedicating up to 70% of income to savings while they are still in the workforce full time. When their savings reach approximately 30 times their yearly expenses, or roughly $1 million, they may quit their day jobs or completely retire from any form of employment.

To cover their living expenses after retiring at a young age, FIRE devotees make small withdrawals from their savings, typically around 3% to 4% yearly. Both during their working years and in retirement, FIRE followers aim to reject excessive consumption and enjoy a simpler lifestyle.

What Are Some FIRE Variations?

Within the FIRE movement are several variations. Fat FIRE is a more easygoing attempt to save more while giving up less. Lean FIRE requires devotion to minimalist living. Barista FIRE is for those who want to quit the 9-to-5 rat race and are willing to cut back their spending while working only part time to do so.

Naturally, more traditional financial advisors have been willing to jump in with their own variations on a FIRE retirement goal and how to achieve it. One strategy requires a FIRE investor to include both U.S. and international stocks and bonds in their portfolio, potentially increasing their success rate by 20%.

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What Is the Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) Movement?

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Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) is a movement of people devoted to a program of extreme savings and investment that aims to allow them to retire far earlier than traditional budgets and retirement plans would permit.

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en modetrend med ironisk take på officecore og office siren, som omvendt ikke praiser officekulturen, men som fungerer som et modsvar og udtrykke frustration med den nuværende arbejdskultur

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Corp-lore: Aesthetics of Discontent in the Anti-Work Era

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Corp-lore mocks office culture with aesthetics. A trend or a true fight for better workplaces? A look at the anti-work fashion rebellion.

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Ny tilgang til arbejde vinder frem – laver kun det mest nødvendige

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Et nyt fænomen, hvor man “siger op mentalt”, vinder frem. Ifølge ekspert kan det både skabe en god kultur, men også føre til en “doven mentalitet”.

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Gen z og millenials gør op med den "Hustle" "girl boss" kultur der var i 10'erne

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Gen z og millenials gør op med den "Hustle" "girl boss" kultur der var i 10'erne

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What do you think? Do you relate? This has been on my mind a lot recently and I thought I’d share. #traveljobs #hustleculture #innkeeper #foryoupage #uniquelifestyle #positivity #unpopularopinion #inyourtwenties #relatable

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Et fænomen der har spredt sig i Japan hvor mennesker isolere sig mere og mere fra samfundet og bruger det meste af deres tid for sig selv

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Hikikomori

A young Japanese man living as a hikikomori in 2004

Hikikomori, also known as severe social withdrawal, is total withdrawal from society and seeking extreme degrees of social isolation and confinement. refers to both the phenomenon in general and the recluses themselves. The concept is primarily recognized only in Japan, although similar concepts exist in other languages and cultures. Hikikomori have been described as loners or "modern-day hermits". Estimates suggest that half a million Japanese youths have become social recluses, as well as more than half a million middle-aged individuals.

The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare defines hikikomori as a condition in which the affected individuals refuse to leave their parents' house, do not work or go to school and isolate themselves away from society and family in a single room for a period exceeding six months. The psychiatrist Tamaki Saitō defines hikikomori as "a state that has become a problem by the late twenties, that involves cooping oneself up in one's own home and not participating in society for six months or longer, but that does not seem to have another psychological problem as its principal source".

More recently, researchers have developed more specific criteria to more accurately identify hikikomori. During a diagnostic interview, trained clinicians evaluate for:

1. spending most of the day and nearly every day confined to home,

2. marked and persistent avoidance of social situations, and social relationships,

3. social withdrawal symptoms causing significant functional impairment,

4. duration of exceeding six months,

5. no apparent physical or mental etiology to account for the social withdrawal symptoms.

The psychiatrist Alan Teo first characterized hikikomori in Japan as modern-day hermits, while the literary and communication scholar Flavio Rizzo similarly described hikikomori as "post-modern hermits" whose solitude stems from ancestral desires for withdrawal.

While the degree of the phenomenon varies on an individual basis, in the most extreme cases, some people remain in isolation for years or even decades. Often hikikomori start out as school refusers, or futōkō in Japanese (an older term is tōkōkyohi).

Hikikomori has been defined by a Japanese expert group as having the following characteristics:

1. Spending most of the time at home

2. No interest in going to school or working

3. Persistence of withdrawal for more than 6 months

4. Exclusion of schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and bipolar disorder

5. Exclusion of those who maintain personal relationships (e.g., friendships)

While many people feel the pressures of the outside world, hikikomori react by complete social withdrawal. In some more severe cases, they isolate themselves in their bedrooms for months or years at a time. They usually have few or no friends. In interviews with current or recovering hikikomori, media reports and documentaries have captured the strong levels of psychological distress and angst felt by these individuals.

While hikikomori favor indoor activities, some venture outdoors occasionally. The withdrawal from society usually starts gradually. Affected people may appear unhappy, lose their friends, become insecure and shy, and talk less.

According to Japanese government figures released in 2010, there were at that time 700,000 individuals living as hikikomori within Japan, with an average age of 31. (Population of Japan in 2014 was 127.3 million.) Still, the numbers vary widely among experts. These included the hikikomori who were at that time in their 40s and had spent 20 years in isolation. This group is generally referred to as the "first-generation hikikomori". There is concern about their reintegration into society in what is known as "the 2030 Problem", when they will be in their 60s and their parents begin to die. Additionally, the government estimates that 1.55 million people are on the verge of becoming hikikomori. Tamaki Saitō, who first coined the phrase, originally estimated that there may be over one million hikikomori in Japan, although this was not based on national survey data. Nonetheless, considering that hikikomori adolescents are hidden away and their parents are often reluctant to talk about the problem, it is extremely difficult to gauge the number accurately.

A 2015 Cabinet Office survey estimated that 541,000 recluses aged 15 to 39 existed. In 2019, another survey showed that there are roughly 613,000 people aged 40 to 64 that fall into the category of "adult hikikomori", which Japan's welfare minister Takumi Nemoto referred to as a "new social issue".

Hikikomori is similar to the social withdrawal exhibited by some people with autism spectrum disorder. This has led some psychiatrists to suggest that hikikomori may be affected by autism spectrum disorder and other disorders that affect social integration, but that their disorders are altered from their typical Western presentation because of Japanese sociocultural pressures. Suwa & Hara (2007) discovered that 5 of 27 cases of hikikomori had a high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (HPDD), and 12 more had other disorders or mental diseases (6 cases of personality disorders, 3 cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder, 2 cases of depression, 1 case of slight intellectual impairment); 10 out of 27 had primary hikikomori. The researchers used a vignette to illustrate the difference between primary hikikomori (without any obvious mental disorder) and hikikomori with HPDD or other disorder. Alan Teo and colleagues conducted detailed diagnostic evaluations of 22 individuals with hikikomori and found that while the majority of cases fulfilled criteria for multiple psychiatric conditions, about 1 in 5 cases were primary hikikomori. To date, however, hikikomori is not included in the DSM-5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), due to insufficient data.

According to Michael Zielenziger's book, Shutting Out the Sun: How Japan Created Its Own Lost Generation, the syndrome is more closely related to posttraumatic stress disorder. The author claimed that the hikikomori interviewed for the book had discovered independent thinking and a sense of self that the current Japanese environment could not accommodate.

The syndrome also closely parallels the terms avoidant personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, agoraphobia or social anxiety disorder (also known as "social phobia").

Sometimes referred to as a social problem in Japanese discourse, hikikomori has a number of possible contributing factors. Alan Teo has summarized a number of potential cultural features that may contribute to its predominance in Japan. These include tendencies toward conformity and collectivism, overprotective parenting, and particularities of the educational, housing and economic systems.

Severe social withdrawal in Japan appears to affect men and women equally. However, because of differing social expectations for maturing boys and girls, the most widely reported cases of hikikomori are from middle- and upper-middle-class families; sons, typically their eldest, refuse to leave the home, often after experiencing one or more traumatic episodes of social or academic failure.

In The Anatomy of Dependence, Takeo Doi identifies the symptoms of hikikomori, and explains its prevalence as originating in the Japanese psychological construct of (in Freudian terms, "passive object love", typically of the kind between mother and infant). Other Japanese commentators such as academic Shinji Miyadai and novelist Ryū Murakami, have also offered analysis of the hikikomori phenomenon, and find distinct causal relationships with the modern Japanese social conditions of anomie, amae and atrophying paternal influence in nuclear family child pedagogy. Young adults may feel overwhelmed by modern Japanese society, or be unable to fulfill their expected social roles as they have not yet formulated a sense of personal - one's "true self" and one's "public façade" - necessary to cope with the paradoxes of adulthood.

The dominant nexus of hikikomori centres on the transformation from youth to the responsibilities and expectations of adult life. Indications are that advanced industrialized societies such as modern Japan fail to provide sufficient meaningful transformation rituals for promoting certain susceptible types of youth into mature roles. As do many societies, Japan exerts a great deal of pressure on adolescents to be successful and perpetuate the existing social status quo. A traditionally strong emphasis on complex social conduct, rigid hierarchies and the resulting, potentially intimidating multitude of social expectations, responsibilities and duties in Japanese society contribute to this pressure on young adults. Historically, Confucian teachings de-emphasizing the individual and favouring a conformist stance to ensure social harmony in a rigidly hierarchical society have shaped much of East Asia, possibly explaining the emergence of the hikikomori phenomenon in other East Asian countries.

In general, the prevalence of hikikomori tendencies in Japan may be encouraged and facilitated by three primary factors:

1. Middle class affluence in a post-industrial society such as Japan allows parents to support and feed an adult child in the home indefinitely. Lower-income families do not have hikikomori children because a socially withdrawing youth is forced to work outside the home.

2. The inability of Japanese parents to recognize and act upon the youth's slide into isolation; soft parenting; or codependency between mother and son, known as amae in Japanese.

3. A decade of flat economic indicators and a shaky job market in Japan makes the pre-existing system requiring years of competitive schooling for elite jobs appear like a pointless effort to many.

Role of modern technology

Although the connection between modern communication technologies (such as the Internet, social media and video games) and the phenomenon is not conclusively established, those technologies are considered at least an exacerbating factor that can deepen and nurture withdrawal. Previous studies of hikikomori in South Korea and Spain found that some of them showed signs of Internet addiction, though researchers do not consider this to be the main issue. However, according to associate professor of psychiatry at Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Takahiro Kato, video games and social media have reduced the amount of time that people spent outside and in social environments that require direct face to face interaction. The emergence of mobile phones and then smartphones may also have deepened the issue, given that people can continue their addiction to gaming and online surfing anywhere, even in bed.

Japanese education system

The Japanese education system puts great demands upon youth. There is high competition to pass entrance exams into the next tier of education in what could be termed a rigid pass-or-fail ideology, which could induce a high level of stress. Echoing the traditional Confucian values of society, the educational system is viewed as playing an important part in society's overall productivity and success.

In this social frame, students often face significant pressure from parents and the society in general to conform to its dictates and doctrines. These doctrines, while part of modern Japanese society, are increasingly being rejected by Japanese youth in varying ways such as hikikomori, freeter, NEET (Not currently engaged in Employment, Education, or Training), and parasite singles. The term "Hodo-Hodo zoku" (the "So-So tribe") applies to younger workers who refuse promotion to minimize stress and maximize free time.[citation needed ]

Beginning in the 1960s, the pressure on Japanese youth to succeed began successively earlier in their lives, sometimes starting before pre-school, where even toddlers had to compete through an entrance exam for the privilege of attending one of the best pre-schools. This was said to prepare children for the entrance exam of the best kindergarten, which in turn prepared the child for the entrance exam of the best elementary school, junior high school, high school, and eventually for their university entrance exam. Many adolescents take one year off after high school to study exclusively for the university entrance exam, and are known as . More prestigious universities have more difficult exams. The most prestigious university with the most difficult exam is the University of Tokyo.

Since 1996, the Japanese Ministry of Education has taken steps to address this 'pressure-cooker' educational environment and instill greater creative thought in Japanese youth by significantly relaxing the school schedule from six-day weeks to five-day weeks and dropping two subjects from the daily schedule, with new academic curricula more comparable to Western educational models. However, Japanese parents are sending their children to private cram schools, known as , to 'make up' for lost time.

After graduating from high school or university, Japanese youth also have to face a very difficult job market in Japan, often finding only part-time employment and ending up as freeters with little income, unable to start a family.

Another source of pressure is from their co-students, who may harass and bully ( ijime) some students for a variety of reasons, including physical appearance, wealth, or educational or athletic performance. Refusal to participate in society makes hikikomori an extreme subset of a much larger group of younger Japanese that includes freeters.

Some organizations, such as the non-profit Japanese organization NPO lila have been trying to combat the financial burden the hikikomori phenomenon has had on Japan's economy. The Japanese CD and DVD producer Avex Group produces DVDs of live-action women staring into a camera to help hikikomori learn to cope with eye contact and long spans of human interaction. The goal is to ultimately help hikikomori reintegrate into society by personal choice, thereby realizing an economic contribution and reducing the financial burden on parents or guardians.

"80-50 problem"

The "80-50 problem" refers to hikikomori children from earlier days now entering their 50s, as their parents on whom they rely, enter their 80s. It was first described in Japanese publications and media in the late 2010s.

In 2019, Japanese psychiatrist Tamaki Saitō held a press briefing at the Foreign Press Center Japan on the subject of hikikomori. In view of their rising age, he recommended practical advice to parents with older hikikomori, such as drawing up a lifetime financial plan for them, so they will be able to get by after the parents are gone. He also recommended that parents should not fear embarrassment or be concerned about appearances as they look at the options, including disability pensions or other forms of public assistance for their children. Tamaki emphasized the urgency and necessity for families in these situations to plan ahead; the Japanese government failed to see the urgency of the problem and demonstrated no motion toward developing substantive policies or systems like special safety nets related to the ageing group of hikikomori.

When it comes to psychosocial support, it is hard for therapists to attain direct access to hikikomori; research to find different and effective treatment plans to aid hikikomori has been ongoing. One such treatment plan is focused on the families of hikikomori. Such focus primarily includes educational intervention programs (e.g. lectures, role-play, etc.) that are geared towards reducing any averse stigma that family members have towards psychiatric disorders like hikikomori. These educational programs are derived from other established family support programs, specifically Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) and Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). CRAFT specifically trains family members to express positive and functional communication, whereas MHFA provides skills to support hikikomori with depression/suicidal like behaviour. Studies so far that have modified the family unit's behavioral response to a hikikomori has yielded positive results, indicating that family behavior is essential for recovery, however further research is still needed.

Although there has been a primary emphasis on educating family members, there are also therapy programs for the hikikomori themselves to participate in, like exercise therapy. The individual psychotherapy methods that are being stressed in current research are primarily directed towards cultivating self-confidence within the hikikomori. However, studies have delineated that efficacious treatment of hikikomori requires a multifaceted approach rather than the utilization of one individual approach, such as individual psychotherapy or family therapy.

Based on prior outbreaks (e.g. SARS, MERS, etc.), studies have shown that due to increased loneliness, quarantined individuals have heightened stress-related mental disturbances. Considering that political, social, and/or economical challenges already bring people to express hikikomori-like behavior, researchers theorize that since all the aforementioned factors are by-products of a pandemic, a hikikomori phenomenon may become more common in a post-pandemic world. In fact, people who do experience mental disturbances in Japan generally view seeking the help of a psychiatrist as shameful or a reason for them to be socially shunned. Experts predict an increase in focus on issues such as the mental health problems now affecting youth, and specifically through effective telemedicine services to either the affected individual and/or their respective family unit.

Furthermore, with hikikomori becoming more prevalent amid a pandemic, experts theorize that it will bring out more empathy and constructive attention towards the issue.

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Hikikomori A young Japanese man living as a hikikomori in 2004 Hikikomori , also known as severe social withdrawal, is total withdrawal from society and seeking extreme degrees of social isolation and confinement. refers to both the phenomenon in general and the recluses themselves.

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Slacktivism (a portmanteau of and ) is the practice of supporting a political or social cause by means such as social media or online petitions, characterized as involving very little effort or commitment. Additional forms of slacktivism include engaging in online activities such as "liking," "sharing," or "tweeting" about a cause on social media, signing an Internet petition, copying and pasting a status or message in support of the cause, sharing specific hashtags associated with the cause, or altering one's profile photo or avatar on social network services to indicate solidarity.

Critics of slacktivism suggest that it fails to make a meaningful contribution to an overall cause because a low-stakes show of support, whether online or offline, is superficial, ineffective, draws off energy that might be used more constructively, and serves as a substitute for more substantive forms of activism rather than supplementing them, and might, in fact, be counter-productive. As groups increasingly use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action, proponents of slacktivism have pointed out that it can lead to engagement and help generate support for lesser-known causes.

The term was coined by Dwight Ozard and Fred Clark in 1995 at the Cornerstone Festival. The term was meant to shorten the phrase slacker activism, which refers to bottom up activities by young people to affect society on a small, personal scale (such as planting a tree, as opposed to participating in a protest). The term originally had a positive connotation.

Monty Phan, staff writer for , was an early user of the term in his 2001 article titled, "On the Net, 'Slacktivism'/Do-Gooders Flood In-Boxes."

An early example of using the term "slacktivism" appeared in Barnaby Feder's article in The New York Times called "They Weren't Careful What They Hoped For." Feder quoted anti-scam crusader Barbara Mikkelson of Snopes.com, who described activities such as those listed above. "It's all fed by slacktivism ... the desire people have to do something good without getting out of their chair."

Another example of the term "Slacktivism" appeared in Evgeny Morozov's book, Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (2011). In it, Morozov relates slacktivism to the Colding-Jørgensen experiment. In 2009, a Danish psychologist named Anders Colding-Jørgensen created a fictitious Facebook group as part of his research. On the page, he posted an announcement suggesting that the Copenhagen city authorities would be demolishing the historical Stork Fountain. Within the first day, 125 Facebook members joined Colding-Jørgensen's. The number of fans began to grow at a staggering rate, eventually reaching 27,500. Morozov argues the Colding-Jørgensen experiment reveals a key component of slacktivism: "When communication costs are low, groups can easily spring into action." Clay Shirky also similarly characterized slacktivism as "ridiculously easy group forming".

Various people and groups express doubts about the value and effectiveness of slacktivism. Particularly, some skeptics argue that it entails an underlying assumption that all problems can be seamlessly fixed using social media, and while this may be true for local issues, slacktivism could prove ineffective for solving global predicaments. A 2009 NPR piece by Morozov asked whether "the publicity gains gained through this greater reliance on new media [are] worth the organizational losses that traditional activist entities are likely to suffer, as ordinary people would begin to turn away from conventional (and proven) forms of activism."

Criticism of slacktivism often involves the idea that internet activities are ineffective, and/or that they prevent or lessen political participation in real life. However, as many studies on slacktivism relate only to a specific case or campaign, it is difficult to find an exact percentage of slacktivist actions that reach a stated goal. Furthermore, many studies also focus on such activism in democratic or open contexts, whereas the act of publicly liking, RSVPing or adopting an avatar or slogan as one's profile picture can be a defiant act in authoritarian or repressive countries.

Micah White has argued that although slacktivism is typically the easiest route to participation in movements and changes, the novelty of online activism wears off as people begin to realize that their participation created virtually no effect, leading people to lose hope in all forms of activism.

Malcolm Gladwell, in his October 2010 article, lambasted those who compare social media "revolutions" with actual activism that challenges the status quo ante. He argued that today's social media campaigns cannot compare with activism that takes place on the ground, using the Greensboro sit-ins as an example of what real, high-risk activism looks like.

A 2011 study looking at college students found only a small positive correlation between those who engage online in politics on Facebook with those who engage off of it. Those who did engage only did so by posting comments and other low forms of political participation, helping to confirm the slacktivism theoretical model.

The New Statesman has analyzed the outcomes of ten most-shared petitions and listed all of them as unsuccessful.

Brian Dunning, in his 2014 podcast, Slacktivism: Raising Awareness, argues that the internet activities that slacktivism is associated with, are a waste of time at their best and at their worst are ways to "steal millions of dollars from armchair activists who are persuaded to donate actual money to what they're told is some useful cause." He says that most slacktivism campaigns are "based on bad information, bad science, and are hoaxes as often as not."

He uses the Kony 2012 campaign as an example of how slacktivism can be used as a way to exploit others. The movie asked viewers to send money to the filmmakers rather than African law enforcement. Four months after the movie was released, Invisible Children, the charity who created the film, reported $31.9 million of gross receipts. The money in the end was not used to stop Kony, but rather to make another movie about stopping Kony. Dunning goes as far as to say that raising awareness of Kony was not even useful, as law enforcement groups had been after him for years.

Dunning does state that today, however, slacktivism is generally more benign. He cites Change.org as an example. The site is full of hundreds of thousands of petitions. A person signing one of these online petitions may feel good about himself, but these petitions are generally not binding nor lead to any major change. Dunning suggests that before donating, or even "liking", a cause one should research the issue and the organization to ensure nothing is misattributed, exaggerated, or wrong.

An example of a campaign against slacktivism is the advertisement series "Liking Isn't Helping" created by the international advertisement company Publicis Singapore for a relief organization, Crisis Relief Singapore (CRS). This campaign features images of people struggling or in need, surrounded by many people giving a thumbs up with the caption "Liking isn't helping". Though the campaign lacked critical components that would generate success, it made viewers stop and think about their activism habits and question the effect that slacktivism really has.

In response to Gladwell's criticism of slacktivism in the New Yorker (see above), journalist Leo Mirani argues that he might be right if activism is defined only as sit-ins, taking direct action, and confrontations on the streets. However, if activism is about arousing awareness of people, changing people's minds, and influencing opinions across the world, then the revolution will indeed be 'tweeted,' 'hashtagged,' and 'YouTubed.' In a March 2012 Financial Times article, referring to efforts to address the ongoing violence related to the Lord's Resistance Army, Matthew Green wrote that the slacktivists behind the Kony 2012 video had "achieved more with their 30-minute video than battalions of diplomats, NGO workers and journalists have since the conflict began 26 years ago."

Although slacktivism has often been used pejoratively, some scholars point out that activism within the digital space is a reality. These scholars suggest that slacktivism may have its deficiencies, but it can be a positive contributor to activism and, it is inescapable in the current digital climate. A 2011 correlational study conducted by Georgetown University entitled "The Dynamics of Cause Engagement" determined that so-called slacktivists are indeed "more likely to take meaningful actions". Notably, "slacktivists participate in more than twice as many activities as people who don't engage in slacktivism, and their actions "have a higher potential to influence others." Cited benefits of slacktivism in achieving clear objectives include creating a secure, low cost, effective means of organizing that is environmentally friendly. These "social champions" have the ability to directly link social media engagement with responsiveness, leveraging their transparent dialogue into economic, social or political action. Going along this mindset is Andrew Leonard, a staff writer at Salon, who published an article on the ethics of smartphones and how we use them. Though the means of producing these products go against ethical human rights standards, Leonard encourages the use of smartphones on the basis that the technology they provide can be utilized as a means of changing the problematic situation of their manufacture. The ability to communicate quickly and on a global scale enables the spread of knowledge, such as the conditions that corporations provide to the workers they employ, and the result their widespread manufacturing has on globalization. Leonard argues that phones and tablets can be effective tools in bringing about change through slacktivism, because they allow us to spread knowledge, donate money, and more effectively speak our opinions on important matters.

Others keep a slightly optimistic outlook on the possibilities of slacktivism while still acknowledging the pitfalls that come with this digital form of protest. Zeynep Tufekci, an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina and a faculty associate at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society, analyzed the capacity of slacktivism to influence collective group action in a variety of different social movements in a segment of the Berkman Luncheon Series. She acknowledges that digital activism is a great enabler of rising social and political movements, and it is an effective means of enabling differential capacity building for protest. A 2015 study describes how slacktivism can contribute to a quicker growth of social protests, by propagation of information through peripheral nodes in social networks. The authors note that although slacktivists are less active than committed minorities, their power lies in their numbers: "their aggregate contribution to the spread of protest messages is comparable in magnitude to that of core participants."

However, Tufekci argues that the enhanced ability to rally protest is accompanied by a weakened ability to actually make an impact, as slacktivism can fail to reach the level of protest required in order to bring about change.

The Black Lives Matter movement calls for the end of systemic racism. The movement has been inextricably linked with social media since 2014, in particular to Twitter with the hashtags #blacklivesmatter and #BLM. Much of the support and awareness of this movement has been made possible through social media. Studies show that the slacktivism commonly present within the movement has been linked with a positive effect on active participation in it. The fact that participants of this movement were able to contribute from their phones increased awareness and participation of the public, particularly in the United States.

The Western-centric nature of the critique of slacktivism discounts the impact it can have in authoritarian or repressive contexts. Journalist Courtney C. Radsch argues that even such low level of engagement was an important form of activism for Arab youth before and during the Arab Spring because it was a form of free speech, and could successfully spark mainstream media coverage, such as when a hashtag becomes "a trending topic [it] helps generate media attention, even as it helps organize information....The power of social media to help shape the international news agenda is one of the ways in which they subvert state authority and power." In addition, studies suggest that "fears of Internet activities supplanting real-life activity are unsubstantiated," in that they do not cause a negative or positive effect on political participation.

The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) on Marriage Equality, offers another example of how slacktivism can be used to make a notable difference. The campaign urged Facebook users to change their profile pictures to a red image that had the following symbol in the middle: =. The logo symbolized equality and if Facebook users put the image as their profile photo, it meant they were in support of marriage equality. The campaign was credited for raising positive awareness and cultivating an environment of support for the marriage equality cause. This study concluded that, although the act of changing one's profile photo is small, ultimately social media campaigns such as this make a cumulative difference over time.

The term "clicktivism" is used to describe forms of internet-based slacktivism such as signing online petitions or signing and sending form letter emails to politicians or corporate CEOs. For example, the British group UK Uncut use Twitter and other websites to organise protests and direct action against companies accused of tax avoidance. It allows organizations to quantify their success by keeping track of how many "clicked" on their petition or other call to action.

The idea behind clicktivism is that social media allows for a quick and easy way to show support for an organization or cause. The main focus of digital organizations has become inflating participation rates by asking less and less of their members/viewers.

Clicktivism can also be demonstrated by monitoring the success of a campaign by how many "likes" it receives. Clicktivism strives to quantify support, presence and outreach without putting emphasis on real participation. The act of "liking" a photo on Facebook or clicking a petition is in itself symbolic because it demonstrates that the individual is aware of the situation and it shows their peers the opinions and thoughts they have on certain subject matters.

Critics of clicktivism state that this new phenomenon turns social movements to resemble advertising campaigns in which messages are tested, clickthrough rate is recorded, and A/B testing is often done. In order to improve these metrics, messages are reduced to make their "asks easier and actions simpler." This in turn reduces social action to having members that are a list of email addresses, rather than engaged people.

Charity slacktivism is an action in support of a cause that takes little effort on the part of the individual. Examples of online charity slacktivism include posting a Facebook status to support a cause, "liking" a charity organization's cause on Facebook, tweeting or retweeting a charity organization's request for support on Twitter, signing Internet petitions, and posting and sharing YouTube videos about a cause. It can be argued that a person is not "liking" the photo in order to help the person in need, but to feel better about themselves, and to feel like they have done something positive for the person or scene depicted in front of them. This phenomenon has become increasingly popular with individuals whether they are going on trips to help less fortunate people, or by "liking" many posts on Facebook in order to "help" the person in the picture. Examples include the Kony 2012 campaign that exploded briefly in social media in March 2012.

Examples of offline charity slacktivism include awareness wristbands and paraphernalia in support of causes, such as the Livestrong wristband, as well as bumper stickers and mobile donating. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Clap for Our Carers gained traction in several countries.

The term slacktivism is often used to describe the world's reaction to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The Red Cross managed to raise $5 million in 2 days via text message donations. Social media outlets were used to spread the word about the earthquake. The day after the earthquake, CNN reported that four of Twitter's top topics were related to the Haitian earthquake.

This is the act of purchasing products that highlight support for a particular cause and advertise that a percentage of the cost of the good will go to the cause. In some instances the donated funds are spread across various entities within one foundation, which in theory helps several deserving areas of the cause. Criticism tends to highlight the thin spread of the donation.[citation needed ] An example of this is the Product Red campaign, whereby consumers can buy Red-branded variants of commons products, with a proportion of proceeds going towards fighting AIDS.

Slacktivists may also purchase a product from a company because it has a history of donating funds to charity, as a way to second-handedly support a cause. For example, a slacktivist may buy Ben and Jerry's ice cream because its founders invested in the nation's children, or promoted social and environmental concerns.

Certain forms of slacktivism have political goals in mind, such as gaining support for a presidential campaign, or signing an internet petition that aims to influence governmental action.

The online petition website Change.org claimed it was attacked by Chinese hackers and brought down in April 2011. Change.org claimed the fact that hackers "felt the need to bring down the website must be seen as a testament to Change.org's fast-growing success and a vindication of one particular petition: A Call for the Release of Ai Weiwei." Ai Weiwei, a noted human rights activist who had been arrested by Chinese authorities in April 2011, was released on June 22, 2011, from Beijing, which was deemed as a victory by Change.org of its online campaign and petition demanding Ai's release.

Sympathy slacktivism can be observed on social media networks such as Facebook, where users can like pages to support a cause or show support to people in need. Also common in this type of slacktivism is for users to change their profile pictures to one that shows the user's peers that they care about the topic. This can be considered a virtual counterpart of wearing a pin to display one's sympathies; however, acquiring such a pin often requires some monetary donation to the cause while changing profile picture does not.

In sympathy slacktivism, images of young children, animals and people seemingly in need are often used to give a sense of credibility to the viewers, making the campaign resonate longer in their memory. Using children in campaigns is often the most effective way of reaching a larger audience due to the fact that most adults, when exposed to the ad, would not be able to ignore a child in need.

An example of sympathy slacktivism is the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet's campaign "Vi Gillar Olika" (literal translation: "We like different"). This campaign was launched against xenophobia and racism, something that was a hot topic in Sweden in 2010. The main icon of the campaign was an open hand with the text "Vi Gillar Olika," the icon that was adopted from the French organisation SOS Racisme's campaign Touche pas à mon Pote in 1985.

Another example was when Facebook users added a Norwegian flag to their pictures after the 2011 Norway attacks in which 77 people were killed. This campaign received attention from the Swedish Moderate Party, who encouraged their supporters to update their profile pictures.

Kony 2012 was a campaign created by Invisible Children in the form of a 28-minute video about the dangerous situation of many children in Africa at the hands of Joseph Kony, the leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). The LRA is said to have abducted a total of nearly 60,000 children, brainwashing the boys to fight for them and turning the girls into sex slaves.

The campaign was used as an experiment to see if an online video could reach such a large audience that it would make a war criminal, Joseph Kony, famous. It became the fastest-growing viral video of all time, reaching 100 million views in six days. The campaign grew an unprecedented amount of awareness, calling to international leaders as well as the general population.

The reaction and participation to this campaign demonstrates charity slacktivism due to the way in which many viewers responded. The success of the campaign has been attributed mostly by how many people viewed the video rather than the donations received. After watching the video, many viewers felt compelled to take action. This action, however, took the form of sharing the video and potentially pledging their support.

As described by Sarah Kendzior of Aljazeera:

The video seemed to embody the slacktivist ethos: viewers oblivious to a complex foreign conflict are made heroic by watching a video, buying a bracelet, hanging a poster. Advocates of Invisible Children's campaign protested that their desire to catch Kony was sincere, their emotional response to the film genuine-and that the sheer volume of supporters calling for the capture of Joseph Kony constituted a meaningful shift in human rights advocacy."

In the weeks following the kidnapping of hundreds of schoolgirls by the organization Boko Haram, the hashtag #BringBackOurGirls began to trend globally on Twitter as the story continued to spread and by May 11 it had attracted 2.3 million tweets. One such tweet came from the First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, holding a sign displaying the hashtag, posted to her official Twitter account, helping to spread the awareness of the kidnapping. Comparisons have been made between the #BringBackOurGirls campaign and the Kony 2012 campaign. The campaign was labeled slacktivism by some critics, particularly as the weeks and months passed with no progress being made in recovery of the kidnapped girls.

According to Mkeki Mutah, uncle of one of the kidnapped girls:

There is a saying: "Actions speak louder than words." Leaders from around the world came out and said they would assist to bring the girls back, but now we hear nothing. The question I wish to raise is: why? If they knew they would not do anything, they wouldn't have even made that promise at all. By just coming out to tell the world, I see that as a political game, which it shouldn't be so far as the girls are concerned.

1. ^ Cabrera, Nolan L. (2017). "Activism or Slacktivism? The Potential and Pitfalls of Social Media in Contemporary Student Activism". Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. 10 (4): 400. doi:10.1037/dhe0000061. S2CID 151362391.

2. ^ Obar, Jonathan; et al. (2012). "Advocacy 2.0: An Analysis of How Advocacy Groups in the United States Perceive and Use Social Media as Tools for Facilitating Civic Engagement and Collective Action". Journal of Information Policy. 2: 1-25. doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.2.2012.1. S2CID 246628982. SSRN 1956352.

3. ^ Obar, Jonathan (2014). "Canadian Advocacy 2.0: A Study of Social Media Use by Social Movement Groups and Activists in Canada". Canadian Journal of Communication. doi:10.22230/cjc.2014v39n2a2678. SSRN 2254742.

4. ^ Christensen, Henrik Serup (2011). "Political activities on the internet: slacktivism or political participation by other means?". First Monday. 16. doi:10.5210/fm.v16i2.3336.

5. Morozov, Evgeny (2011). The net delusion : the dark side of Internet freedom. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 180.

6. ^ Vitak, J.; Zube, P.; Smock, A.; Carr, C. T.; Ellison, N.; Lampe, C. (2011). "It's Complicated: Facebook Users' Political Participation in the 2008 Election". Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking. 14 (3): 107-14. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0226. PMID 20649449.

7. ^ Tait, Amelia (January 30, 2017). "Do online petitions actually work? The numbers reveal the truth". New Statesman. Most of the millions of e-petitions that get signed each year, then, fall on deaf ears and achieve very little.

8. ^ Courtney C. Radsch (March 29, 2011). "The Revolutions Will Be Hashtagged: Twitter Turns 5 as the Middle East Demands Democracy". Huffington Post.

9. ^ Barberá, P.; Wang, N.; Bonneau, R.; Jost, J.T.; Nagler, J.; Tucker, J.; González-Bailón, S. (November 30, 2015). "The Critical Periphery in the Growth of Social Protests". PLOS ONE. 10 (11): e0143611. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1043611B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143611. PMC . PMID 26618352.

10. ^ Radsch, Courtney (May 2012). "Unveiling the Revolutionaries: Cyberactivism and Women's Role in the Arab Uprisings" (PDF). Rice University. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2012.

11. ^ "Cyberactivism and the Arab Revolt: Battles Waged Online and Lessons Learned (Part 1 of 9)". YouTube. March 29, 2011. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021.

12. ^ "Clicktivists - a new breed of protestors'". London Evening Standard Online. January 19, 2011. Archived from the original on February 19, 2011.

13. Hutchins, Amber; Tindall, Natalie T. J. (March 10, 2016). Public Relations and Participatory Culture: Fandom, Social Media and Community Engagement. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-65974-7.

14. ^ Cornelissen, Gert; Karelaia, Natalia; Soyer, Emre (2013). "Clicktivism Or Slacktivism? Impression Management and Moral Licensing". ACR European Advances. E-10.

15. ^ Mangold, W.; David Faulds (2009). "Social media: The new hybrid element of the". Business Horizons: 357-65. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.03.002.

16. ^ Madden, Stephanie; Janoske, Melissa; Briones, Rowena L. (March 1, 2016). "The double-edged crisis: Invisible Children's social media response to the Kony 2012 campaign". Public Relations Review. 42 (1): 38-48. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.10.002. ISSN 0363-8111.

17. Kendzior, Sarah. "^ The Subjectivity of Slacktivism", Al Jazeera, April 5, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2014.

18. ^ Abubakar, Aminu; Levs, Josh (May 5, 2014). "'I will sell them,' Boko Haram leader says of kidnapped Nigerian girls". CNN.

19. ^ Litoff, Alyssa (May 6, 2014). "International 'Bring Back Our Girls' Becomes Rallying Cry for Kidnapped Nigerian Schoolgirls". ABC News.

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Slacktivism (a portmanteau of and ) is the practice of supporting a political or social cause by means such as social media or online petitions, characterized as involving very little effort or commitment.

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Mange føler sig forpligtede til at besvare emails og henvendelser fra chefen efter arbejde. I Australien har man indført en "Right to Disconnect"-lovgivning, der gør det lovmæssigt forsvarligt for medarbejdere at ignorere deres chef, når de ikke er på arbejde

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Australians get ‘right to disconnect’ after working hours

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A new law has come into effect that allows employees to ignore communications from employers after hours.

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Tjenere i Belgien har fået retten til ikke at svare, når de har fri 

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Tjenere i Belgien har fået retten til ikke at svare, når de har fri 

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The Belgians getting the right to disconnect from work

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From next month, Belgium’s civil servants may not be contacted outside working hours.

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Arbejdstiden blandt danske børnefamilier er højere end i de fleste andre vestlige EU-lande

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I den offentlige debat hører man ofte, at arbejdstiden i Danmark er lav, men faktisk arbejder vi danskere slet ikke så lidt. Det gælder særligt parfamilier med børn. Sammenlignet med alle vestlige EU-lande er det kun Grækenland og Portugal, der ligger højere. Det skyldes, at kvinder i danske børnefamilier i langt mindre grad går på deltid eller træder helt ud af arbejdsmarkedet, når de får børn sammenlignet med andre EU-lande.

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mere historisk stigmatisering og ordforklaring 

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mere historisk stigmatisering og ordforklaring 

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ordet slacker stammer tilbage fra enten 1790 eller 1898? hvor Sudanesiske arbejdere protesterede ved bevidst at arbejde sløvt og uenergisk, da det var den eneste måde du kunne demonstrere deres magt som arbejdere. Denne form for protest blev kaldt slacking.

Ord som "parasite single," "Bamboccionio" (voksenbaby) bruges i mange dele af verden om unge voksne/voksne som stadig bor hjemme og er arbejdsløse eller har lavt betalte jobs.

"welfare queen" bliver brugt om kvinder og især singlemødre som kun lever på velfærd og ses om om at de hellere vil det frem for at gå ud og finde sig et arbejde

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The rise of ‘bai lan’: why China’s frustrated youth are ready to ‘let it rot’

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Phrase bai lan gains popularity as severe competition and social expectations leave many young people despondent

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Da forfatter og journalist Maj My bliver mor, oplever hun sit travle storbyliv som ensomt og udmattende. Samtidig føles det ofte forkert for hende at aflevere sine børn i institution – men hvad er alternativet? Efter flere forsøg på kompromisser beslutter hun og hendes mand at melde deres fire børn ud af børnehave og skole, og sammen begynder de en ny tilværelse på en lille gård på Ærø. De smider vækkeuret ud, dyrker jorden og følger børnenes initiativer. I tre år lever de et liv med få midler og på kanten af samfundet. De finder en ny form for frihed og meningsfuldhed, men opdager også, hvor hårdt det kan være at vælge bærende samfundsfortællinger fra og forsøge at træde sin egen sti. ÆRØ-MANIFESTET er en poetisk og normkritisk fortælling om at fravælge materielle goder og overleverede succeskriterier for i stedet at øve sig på at skabe mening og sammenhæng i sin hverdag. I nedslag følger vi familiens dagligdag og Maj Mys ærlige refleksioner fra drømmen om et andet liv begynder at tage form, over årene med hjemmepasning og hjemmeskole og frem til i dag, hvor alle fire børn – efter eget ønske – igen går i almindelig skole. Gennem sin personlige fortælling maner Maj My Humaidan til mod og eftertanke og kaster et knivskarpt blik på de normer, som flertallet lever efter, selvom det efterlader mange stressede og frustrerede.

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en mode og indretningstendens som hænger sammen med bla. tiny house living og ideen om at flytte ud af hamsterhjulet. Denne trend praiser fx at være i naturen, have tid til at bage, lave mad, passe børn mm. mere klassiske elementer fra det at være hjemmegående

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Den minimalistiske livsstil

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Kakao som øjenskygge og en katte-hærget sofa: Kan du leve som minimalist?

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16 kvadratmeter til to voksne eller en citron som deodorant. Fire minimalister åbner døren til deres hjem.

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Ny tilgang til arbejde vinder frem – laver kun det mest nødvendige

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Et nyt fænomen, hvor man “siger op mentalt”, vinder frem. Ifølge ekspert kan det både skabe en god kultur, men også føre til en “doven mentalitet”.

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Here’s How Bad Burnout Has Become at Work

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New SHRM research reveals that burnout in the workplace is worsening. This Mental Health Awareness Month, learn why reducing burnout is important and gain advice for how you can help lower stress among your staff.

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1 ud af 7 unge lider af en psykisk lidelse

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1 ud af 7 unge lider af en psykisk lidelse

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The silent crisis of youth mental health

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“How many more young lives will be derailed by mental health issues before we take decisive action?” Imagine a child growing up in a world that shifts underfoot every day - where yesterday’s security no longer exists today. For that child, the…

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Indsigt i hvorfor man stræber efter at arbejde meget til at starte med

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Indsigt i hvorfor man stræber efter at arbejde meget til at starte med

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”Jeg ved ikke rigtigt, hvad det er, jeg leder efter. Jeg tror, at i den periode, hvor jeg begynder at arbejde så meget, leder jeg efter netop den her voksne hånd, der skal fortælle mig, at ’det er godt nok nu’, eller ’du skal herhen, så er du en succes’. Det sker så ikke.”

Måske man har erfaret at disse er uopnåelige følelser at få gennem sit arbejdsliv og drejet sit syn andre steder hen

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En hjernerystelse fik Sebastian Lynggaard på andre tanker

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Et overfald i en baggård ændrede Sebastian Lynggaards retning i livet. Han lagde jakkesættene og chefkonsulent-livet på hylden for i stedet at hoppe hovedkulds ned i en af verden af humoristiske Instagram-opslag i pastelfarver.

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Øget fokus på work-life-balance. Løn er kun nummer fire på prioriteringslisten.

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Øget fokus på work-life-balance. Løn er kun nummer fire på prioriteringslisten.

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Arbejdsgiverne sidder på hænderne, mens antiarbejde-bevægelser vinder frem verden over

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Antiarbejdebevægelser vinder frem verden over, men det kan i dansk kontekst være en farlig livsfilosofi, der risikerer at undergrave velfærdssamfundet. Derfor skal arbejdsgiverne handle og tage ønsket om balance i arbejdslivet alvorligt, skriver Anja Søndergaard Elsby.

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Fokus på mentalt helbred og stressforebyggelse - bryd hamsterhjulet 

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Fokus på mentalt helbred og stressforebyggelse - bryd hamsterhjulet 

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Sophia tog en karrierepause og fandt vej ud af hamsterhjulet - Dansk Markedsføring

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Et altopslugende arbejdsliv resulterede i, at Sophia Kalb Møller fik stress. På bagkant af en karrierepause har hun fundet vejen ud af det hamsterhjul, der kørte hende ned. I dag er hun iværksætter.

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En subjektiv definition af succes for individet

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En subjektiv definition af succes for individet

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Han mener, at han har siddet på tværs i en alt for snæver forståelse af, hvad det er, man skal opnå – og at det også er et større samfundsproblem, at vi tænker succes ensidigt.

”Det er så subjektivt et begreb, som vi er kommet ud i en forståelse af, at vi kan definere objektivt. Det betyder jo, at vi kommer til at få nogle unge mennesker, som higer efter en masse ting, som de måske ikke har lyst til, fordi det ikke gør dem glade, men de har bare lært, at det er noget, andre ser som en succes, så derfor må de gå efter det.”

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En hjernerystelse fik Sebastian Lynggaard på andre tanker

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Et overfald i en baggård ændrede Sebastian Lynggaards retning i livet. Han lagde jakkesættene og chefkonsulent-livet på hylden for i stedet at hoppe hovedkulds ned i en af verden af humoristiske Instagram-opslag i pastelfarver.

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koncept coined af den amerikanske antropolog David Graeber.

Bullshit jobs er meningsløst lønarbejde hvor at den funktion arbejderen har, ses som mere performativ end rent faktisk at have en værdi. i UK og Holland viser målinger at 40% af arbejdere ser deres arbejde som et sådan job.

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Rail firm launches soundscape series for commuters

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Rail firm launches soundscape series for commuters

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Et britisk togfirma har indført natur- og fuglelyde på deres ruter for at hjælpe passagerene med at afstresse. Det har efter sigende vist, at op mod 35% af brugerne føler sig mindre stressede, når de føler, at de kommer i kontakt med naturen.

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Rail firm launches free nature soundscapes series for commuters

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South Western Railway has released the series to help commuters switch off.

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At adskille sit job fra sin identitet, og ikke gå så meget op i det

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91.1K likes, 1155 comments. “Staying neutral and prioritizing emotional intelligence can create a lot of freedom for you at work. I learned very quickly to stay neutral at work so that i wasnt let down. It helped improve my focus and my relaxation after work. I am no stranger to being a hater tho! There are many times i love the work drama and like that quick satisfaction from complaining about work. Were all humans!”

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En tvungen pause fra arbejdet kan sætte gang i tanker

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En tvungen pause fra arbejdet kan sætte gang i tanker

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Og det arbejde, han lagde alting i, fortsatte ganske fint uden ham ved roret.

Den anden opdagelse var, at han også selv fandtes uden for sit arbejde.

”Min forståelse af mig selv som en succesfuld person, var betinget af, at jeg producerede noget på mit arbejde. Jeg var min LinkedIn-profil; hvis den ikke var der, var jeg intet. Men pludselig var jeg tvunget til at tænke over det, fordi jeg ikke kunne tage på arbejde. Jeg var der stadig, men hvad var der så tilbage?”

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En hjernerystelse fik Sebastian Lynggaard på andre tanker

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Et overfald i en baggård ændrede Sebastian Lynggaards retning i livet. Han lagde jakkesættene og chefkonsulent-livet på hylden for i stedet at hoppe hovedkulds ned i en af verden af humoristiske Instagram-opslag i pastelfarver.

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tendens hvor folk i højere grad skemalægger deres venneaktiviteter for at få tid til at se deres venner, fordi de en travl hverdag ellers aldrig får set deres venner

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Koncept som udstiller disse såkaldte bullshit jobs og hvorfor de eksisterer. Som i feudalsamfundet betyder ens stilling og magt mere ud fra hvor mange mennesker man har under sig. Mennesker og stillinger bliver altså i højere grad brugt som trofæer end de har egentlige funktioner.

Samtidig bliver du som arbejder jo længere nede du er i kæden betalt mindre men har mere og vigtigere arbejde.

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Are You in a BS Job? In Academe, You’re Hardly Alone - David Graeber

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Statistik på (det amerikanske )marked for Arts & Crafts, der er støt stigende.

"raising awareness regarding several benefits of arts and crafts activities, such as stress relief, enhanced brain productivity, and boosted confidence, supports global market expansion"

Source: https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/art-craft-materials-market-109031

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Has The #AntiWork Movement Replaced Hustle Culture?

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Would you give up your dream, six-figure job as a lawyer in the hunt for better work-life balance? Here we explore the intricacies of the antiwork movement, why people are turning off from hustle culture and why this is not as scary as it might sound.

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arbejdspsykolog som har skrevet bogen Anti-Work: Psychological Investigations into Its Truths, Problems, and Solutions.

her skriver han om hvorfor arbejde er dårligt for mennesket, og hvordan man kan arbejde på et mere psykologisk plan med/mod arbejde, her er nogle af hans pointer:

Work demands submission and is damaging to the human psyche.

The idea that work is "good" is a modern and deleterious development.

The tedious, boring, and grinding aspects of work characterize most of the time spent in many and probably even all jobs.

Work is subjectively "alienating" and meaningless due to workers' lack of honest connection to the organization and its goals and outcomes.

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Mere bullshit end substans på arbejdspladsen

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Mere bullshit end substans på arbejdspladsen

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”Mange af dem, jeg taler med i mit forskningsprojekt, har oplevet stress, meningsløshed eller en følelse af, at der er mere bullshit end substans i deres arbejdsliv. De savner nærvær, og de indstiller sig på en usikker økonomi for at få tid til det, de synes er vigtigere”, forklarer Sofie Marie Billekop.

Kan en arbejdsuge på 37 timer, hvoraf 17 af dem er bullshit, erstattes med en 20 timers arbejdsuge, hvor al den bullshit er fjernet?

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Flere og flere vidensarbejdere vender ryggen til et traditionelt lønmodtagerliv, de ikke synes er bæredygtigt. Ifølge Ph.d.-stipendiat Sofie Marie Billekop skyder less work-bevægelsen op som paddehatte overalt i landet. Hun er selv en af dem og skriver afhandling på deltid.

For bare 20 år siden var det kun de færreste, der stillede spørgsmålstegn ved, om en karriere for fuld skrue og unger i institution fra morgen til sen eftermiddag nu også var den bedste model for arbejds- og familieliv.

I dag popper kritikerne op i alle segmenter og overalt i landet. Flere og flere vender ryggen til det traditionelle lønmodtagerliv for at dyrke uafhængigheden på et minimalt budget. Det siger
Sofie Marie Billekop, der skriver ph.d. på RUC om fænomenet blandt vidensarbejdere. Hun kalder dem for less work-bevægelsen.

"De er ofte idealister, der hellere vil bruge deres tid på at dyrke en meningsfuld interesse end på at tjene penge og jage rundt. Klimabevidstheden er et gennemgående træk", forklarer hun.

Målet for bevægelsen er at skabe en mere bæredygtig hverdag for dem selv og deres familier.

"Mange af dem, jeg taler med i mit forskningsprojekt, har oplevet stress, meningsløshed eller en følelse af, at der er mere bullshit end substans i deres arbejdsliv. De savner nærvær, og de indstiller sig på en usikker økonomi for at få tid til det, de synes er vigtigere", forklarer Sofie Marie Billekop.

Alternative arbejdsformer

FAST ARBEJDE - eller findes der et alternativ?

Fire dages arbejdsuger, delejob, mobilfri arbejdspladser, idealistisk iværksætteri...

Der bliver eksperimenteret med arbejdsliv og alternative arbejdsformer som aldrig før, og et opgør med den traditionelle lønmodtagerkultur synes at være i gang. Mange magistre drømmer mest om det, men lige så mange er frontløbere i eksperimenterne.

Magisterbladet sætter fokus på et arbejdsliv under forandring. Læs hele serien her.

Maks. 25 timer om ugen

Halvvejs inde i sin ph.d. har den 38-årige sociolog endnu ingen tal på, hvor stor less work -bevægelsen er, eller hvor meget den er vokset i de senere år.

"Det er jo ikke sådan, at de har en organisation eller en Facebook-gruppe eller arrangerer demoer. Men jo mere, jeg dykker ned i emnet, jo tydeligere bliver det, at de popper op alle vegne, at de protesterer mod de samme ting og har mål og værdier til fælles", siger Sofie Marie Billekop.

Der er flere grunde til, at less work-tankegangen har momentum lige nu, mener hun.

"Vi bliver stadig mere individualiserede på vores arbejdspladser og i ansvaret for at gøre livet perfekt i øvrigt. Det lægger en tung vægt på vores skuldre og er formentlig medvirkende til, at så mange bliver ramt af stress lige nu. Det betyder, at mange når til et 'tipping point'", siger sociologen.

Derfor skal eksempelvis hjemmepasserne ikke retfærdiggøre deres valg på samme måde i dag som for 10 år siden.

"Og der står også en anden respekt om folk, der træffer alternative karrierevalg. For eksempel en af mine cases, der bygger et tiny house. Det tager rigtig meget tid, for han skal finde ud af alting selv. Han har kun lønarbejde tre dage om ugen", forklarer Sofie Marie Billekop.

Hendes målgruppe er vidensarbejdere, der arbejder max 25 timer om ugen. Dem, hun har interviewet, ligger i aldersgruppen 27-45 år. Mange af dem oplever, at de skal alting i den alder, siger hun.

"Det er i de år, vi skal købe hus, føde børn, opbygge karriere og have perfekte kroppe. Mange må erkende, at de der Instagram-drømme om det perfekte liv alligevel aldrig kan blive til virkelighed. Og at de har været tæt på at brænde sammen i forsøget på at opnå det", siger hun.

Mange må erkende, at de der Instagram-drømme om det perfekte liv alligevel aldrig kan blive til virkelighed. Og at de har været tæt på at brænde sammen i forsøget på at opnå det

Ph.d. Sofie Marie Billekop

Ph.d.-stipendiaten er selv en af dem, der har kæmpet med stress og i dag skriver sin ph.d. på deltid for at have bedre tid med sin søn på tre år. Men der følger også afsavn med at strække pengeposen nogle år længere.

"Jeg vil bo i et hus uden for byen, men det er der ikke mange penge til. Jeg kan ikke gå ud at spise eller tage i biografen, når det passer mig", siger hun.

At flere kommer til at leve med lavere forbrug, af lyst eller nød, er hun ikke i tvivl om.

"Klimakrisen har medført mange refleksioner over, hvordan vi lever. Jeg ser less work-bevægelsen som frontløbere i den omstilling, som hele samfundet bevæger sig hen imod", siger Sofie Marie Billekop.

Alternative arbejdsformer

Socialt Innovativt Vidensarbejde

Sofie Marie Billekops forskningsprojekt er en del af forskningsprojektet Socialt Innovativt Vidensarbejde, SIV.

SIV er et samarbejde mellem Roskilde Universitet og Actee, Kooperationen, PROSA, Reload og Teknologisk Institut. Projektet er delvist finansieret af Innovationsfonden.

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Less work-bevægelsen breder sig: Arbejdet skal ikke styre livet

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Flere og flere vidensarbejdere vender ryggen til et traditionelt lønmodtagerliv, de ikke synes er bæredygtigt. Ifølge Ph.d.-stipendiat Sofie Marie Billekop skyder less work-bevægelsen op som paddehatte overalt i landet. Hun er selv en af dem og skriver afhandling på deltid.

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At gå mindre op i dit job kan forbedre din mentale sundhed

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Start the week off with some anti-hustle motivation. #work #worklife #corporate

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Selvudvikling, coaches, retreats mv er blevet en større ting i vores hverdag. Men hænger et mindfullness retreat sammen med så at komme tilbage på et job du hader mandag morgen?

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Vores samfund er gået fra at være fællesskabsorienteret til at være individorienteret. Alle er ansvarlige for deres egen lykke og fiasko. Hvis man føler man ikke lykkes (subjektiv definition af lykkes) i sit arbejdsliv, ønsker man måske at ændre drastisk i den måde man lever sit liv på.

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Som i 'fattigfirserne' står vi i dag i en stor økonomisk krise. Dengang piercede unge sig selv som symbol på, at de følte sig voldtaget af samfundet. I dag giver de sig selv skylden for, at de ikke føler sig tilstrækkelige. Hvorfor og hvornår skete det skifte?, spurgte vi Klaus Rasborg, kultursociolog på RUC.

"Helt grundlæggende, skyldes det den individualiseringstendens, som sociologer har talt om i mange år. At vi i stigende grad løsrives fra de sociale fællesskaber, så det nu er op til os selv at skabe vores egne livsforløb, normer, værdier og karriere. Vi bliver mere ansvarlige for vores egen succes, men det betyder samtidig også, at vi i stigende grad bliver ansvarlige for vores egen fiasko. I takt med den stigende individualiseringstendens bliver det set som et udtryk for personlig utilstrækkelighed, når det går mindre godt. Jeg er overbevist om, at konjunkturerne har meget at sige for den her udvikling. Da vi for nogle år tilbage havde en periode med høj vækst og gang i økonomien, kunne man høre unge mennesker kalde solidaritet gammeldags. De forbandt det med gamle mænd med røde seler. Det var ikke overraskende i en periode, hvor det eksempelvis var meget lettere at få job. Den periode understøtter samfundets øgede individualisering."

"Men nu hvor de økonomiske udsigter er ændret, og arbejdsløsheden stiger, tror jeg, at vi i årene fremover vil se en tendens i den anden retning - unge vil fjerne sig fra den tanke, at hvis man bliver arbejdsløs, kan man blot finde et nyt job, og hvis man er utilstrækkelig, er det ens egen skyld. Det bliver tydeligt for den unge, at det ikke kun er et individuelt problem, at han bliver arbejdsløs, når nu også en stor del af hans venner bliver det. Men lige nu er vi i en mellemperiode, hvor konsekvenserne af en nedtursperiode slår igennem, inden samfundets indstilling har fulgt med."

Taberfølelsen spreder sig

- Er opfattelsen af, at det er ens egen skyld, hvis man ikke er tilstrækkelig, noget der har vundet indpas i en større del af samfundet end blot hos de unge?

"Ja, og det er måske i virkeligheden 00'ernes vigtigste kulturkamp. At samfundets borgere nu føler, at de skal skal stå alene med ansvaret, fremfor at skyde skylden på samfundet, hvis de ikke har succes i livet. Et godt eksempel er de arbejdsløse. Her er den udbredte opfattelse i dag, at det er ens egen skyld, hvis man ikke har et job. Og det er heller ikke kun de unge, men alle danskere, der vender fagforeningerne og a-kasserne ryggen i stor stil i disse år. Men man kan nok sige, at den generelle tendens i samfundet slår allertydeligst igennem blandt unge, der ofte er ekstreme pejlemærker for den samfundstendens, der er herskende."

De stærkes paradis

- Kan det ikke også være positivt, at unge nu føler sig nødsaget til at tage ansvar for deres eget liv, udvikling og succes?

"Jo, og man kan heller ikke trække modsætningen så skarpt op, at enten gør man sig til offer, eller også er man individualistisk og navlebeskuende. Det er nødvendigt at differentiere mellem forskellige grupper af unge. Blandt de ressourcestærke unge kan individualiseringen være positiv. De befinder sig som fisk i vandet i et samfund med øget fokus på individets ansvar. De statskundskabsstuderende på RUC, som jeg omgås, har det givetvis fint med den enorme valgfrihed og de mange udfoldelsesmuligheder i det senmoderne samfund."

"Omvendt er andre grupper af mere sårbare og udsatte unge, som har det meget svært ved en valgfrihed, som i højere grad bliver til et valgpres. Der er masser af forskning, som viser, at valgfriheden bliver en enorm belastning for mange unge, der slet ikke kan håndtere den."

"Reformen af erhvervsskolerne fra 2005 er et godt eksempel. Nu skulle eleverne selv sammensætte og tilrettelægge deres uddannelse, vælge fag osv. - og det falder mange af erhvervsskolernes elever totalt igennem på. Så jo, for nogle unge kan valgfriheden være en styrke og en fordel - men der er mindst lige så mange tabere i det individualiseringsspil der udspiller sig i alle dele af de unges hverdag."

- Er det ikke et bedre udgangspunkt at opfatte sig selv som årsagen til ens utilstrækkelighed, end at skyde skylden på det omkringliggende samfund? Det er vel lettere at ændre sig selv end alle andre?

"Det kan man sige, og det lyder også smart nok. Men faktum er, at det blot skaber en endnu større følelse af magtesløshed hos den unge, når man ser sig selv som skyld i problemet, uden man føler, der er noget at gøre ved det. Den konklusion, mener jeg klart, at der er forskningsmæssigt belæg for."

"Hos en ung og ressourcesvag i aktivering kan individualiseringsfriheden slå om i et socialt pres, hvor man måske reagerer ved at melde sig ud af samfundet. Det kan nærmest blive en evig torturproces, hvis man giver sig selv skylden for noget, man ikke er i stand til selv at ændre."

Amalie-generationen

Ifølge Klaus Rasborg, er det ikke kun konjunkturerne, der spiller en afgørende rolle for, at unges mentalitet har bevæget sig fra offermentalitet til øget selvbebrejdelse:

"Medierne spiller en enorm rolle. Det er så at sige dem, der har skabt 'se mig, jeg vil på'-generationen, hvor målet er at komme i MTV eller i X-factor og blive anerkendt på baggrund af sin optræden, næsten ligegyldigt hvad anledningen er."

"De realityprogrammer lærer unge, at du overlever ved at lyve og manipulere og stikke knive i ryggen på hinanden. Det er jo en form for ydmygelses-tv. Har man ikke tilstrækkeligt mange knive at stikke i ryggen, er straffen, at man bliver stemt ud og ekskluderet fra det sociale fællesskab. Det paradoksale er, at de unge handler på de her strategiske måder for at blive i det eftertragtede fællesskab. For at forblive i fællesskabet lærer de, at man må gøre en masse, der sætter en op imod fællesskabet. Det viser meget godt det paradoksale forhold, som sociologer også har peget på."

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Når unge bebrejder sig selv for deres nederlag, er det et billede på den generelle mentalitetsændring, samfundet har gennemgået i sidste årti. Her spillede opsving og øget individualisering en stor rolle. Men krisen er godt i gang med at ændre de unges indstilling, mener kultursociolog

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De forskellige generationer er formet af samfundet omkring sig, og millennials og Gen-z er i høj grad optaget af selfimprovement og autenticitet.

Måske dette hænger sammen med at man ikke ser sig selv som et menneske der trives i hamsterhjulet

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Generational disparities are an inherent part of our ever-evolving society. As each generation emerges, it brings with it a unique set of experiences, values, and self-awareness patterns. Understanding these differences is not just a matter of academic curiosity; it's essential for promoting empathy, communication, and collaboration across generations.

Self-awareness, the cornerstone of personal development and emotional intelligence, encompasses understanding one's thoughts, emotions, behaviors, strengths, weaknesses, and values. It evolves over time, shaped by societal norms, cultural shifts, and technological advances.

To comprehend these generational differences, we need to delve into the profiles of key generational groups:

-Baby Boomers (1946-1964): Shaped by the Civil Rights Movement and the feminist revolution, they prioritize social justice and community engagement.

-Generation X (1965-1980): Known for independence and resilience, they grew up navigating a shifting family landscape.

-Millennials (1981-1996): Shaped by the digital age, they value authenticity, personal growth, and global awareness.

-Generation Z (1997-2012): Digital natives, they are tech-savvy but grapple with issues like online identity and mental health.
Self-Awareness Across Generations
Each generation's self-awareness manifests uniquely:

- Baby Boomers emphasize social responsibility.

- Generation X values self-reliance and adaptability.

- Millennials prioritize personal growth and authenticity.

- Generation Z balances tech-savvy with authenticity concerns.
Factors Shaping Generational Self-Awareness
Parenting styles, education systems, media, and societal shifts influence generational self-awareness. Recognizing these factors helps us appreciate the roots of generational differences.
Intergenerational Communication
Effective communication across generations requires empathy, active listening, and adaptability. Open dialogue and mentoring can bridge generational gaps, fostering collaboration and understanding.
Implications for Societal Development
Generational differences in self-awareness impact the workplace, politics, social movements, and cultural trends. Recognizing and leveraging these differences can drive innovation and inclusivity.
Navigating Generational Self-Awareness
To navigate generational differences effectively, cultivate empathy, encourage continuous learning, adapt communication styles, promote collaboration, and establish mentorship programs.

Generational self-awareness is a lens through which we can better understand and appreciate the diversity within our society. By recognizing the strengths and unique perspectives of each generation, we can build a more inclusive and harmonious future for all.

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Generational disparities are an inherent part of our ever-evolving society. As each generation emerges, it brings with it a unique set of experiences, values, and self-awareness patterns...

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Følelse af at arbejde mere end man bliver betalt for 

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Følelse af at arbejde mere end man bliver betalt for 

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Men hvor nogen ønsker at gå ned i tid for at få familielivet til at hænge sammen, så spiller en helt anden faktor ind for andre: Stress.

Tal fra Stressforeningen viser, at 430.000 danskere oplever symptomer på alvorlig stress hver dag, hvilket svarer til omkring 12 procent af befolkningen. Og 500.000 føler sig ifølge foreningen udbrændte på jobbet på grund af stress.

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Vi vil arbejde mindre og have mere tid med familien

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En ny tendens vinder mere og mere indpas blandt danske lønmodtagere: Jobbet skal ikke længere fylde det hele. Vi vil arbejde på deltid, så vi kan få tid til familien og fritiden

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Et meningsløst og ligegyldigt arbejde hvor den ansatte er forpligtet til at lade som om deres job har mening. i følge spørgeskemaer anslås det at 40% af de arbejdende i UK og Holland mener at deres job falder ind i den kategori

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For more and more people, work appears to serve no purpose. Is there any good left in the grind?

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Gen Z is still the unhappiest generation in the workplace. Around 62% of Gen Z say they’re happy at work, compared to 65% of Gen X, 66% of millennials, and 67% of boomer employees, according to the report. And workers of all ages continue to live and work below pre-pandemic levels of happiness.

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Gen Z is 8% happier at work than they were a year ago—But they’re still the most unhappy generation

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Newbie workers are warming up the workplace, but stress and burnout are still weighing them down.

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Kan den mon sammenlignes med den strømning, som vi ser nu? Et brud med samfundets normer (på en noget mere voldsom facon), men alligevel?

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Bz-bevægelsen - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

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Bog fra 1883 skrevet af Paul Lafargue som var Karl Marx svigersøn. Bogen var en kritik af arbejderbevægelsen som kæmpede for bedre rettigheder på arbejdsmarkedet - han mente at det var at kæmpe for rettigheder til at forblive slavegjort i et arbejde. I stedet skulle man kræve sin ret til at være doven og realisere sig selv udenfor et arbejdsmarked.

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Arbejdstiden er næsten halveret siden starten af 1900-tallet

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Arbejdstiden er næsten halveret siden starten af 1900-tallet

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Vi svarer på spørgsmål og du kan finde nyttig viden om 4-dages arbejdsuge.

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Hvad gør en 4-dages arbejdsuge ved et firmas CO2-aftryk?

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Hvad gør en 4-dages arbejdsuge ved et firmas CO2-aftryk?

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Et britisk studie viser, at en 4-dages arbejdsuge ikke kun er fordelagtigt for medarbejdernes helbred og velbefindende, men at de ligeledes har en positiv effekt på firmaets CO2-aftryk. For den undersøgte virksomhed viste det, at deres CO2-aftryk blev formindsket med 21% ved, at weekenden var en dag længere.

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In 2011, Simon Ursell and the three other co-founders of newly born environmental consultancy Tyler Grange based in Gloucestershire, UK, decided to give all their workers a day off a month to volunteer.

They had found that many of their new employees already spent their free time volunteering in wildlife trusts. "Our ecologists have always loved being ecologists," Ursell says.

But last year, Tyler Grange took what some would see as a far more radical step towards workers wellbeing by trying out giving all employees a fifth of their workweek off.

The company joined the world's biggest ever four-day workweek trial, which took place in the UK from June to December 2022. The pilot aimed to assess whether companies could maintain productivity with a reduced working time - and, importantly, with no loss in pay for employees.

Are four-day workweeks really viable?

Managers and workers at Tyler Grange celebrated the breakthrough with enthusiasm, with their results showing daily productivity rose by 22%. But Ursell was also keen to measure another outcome: the impact of the shorter workweek on the company's carbon footprint. And the four-day workweek turned out to be surprisingly good for this too, he says.

"On average we saw a 21% reduction in the number of miles travelled by car," he notes with a cheerful smile. Tyler Grange cut out meetings and travel that were unnecessary. Many employees used their additional days off to become even more involved in climate volunteering.

The conversation around the four-day workweek is gaining momentum all over the world. The non-profit which coordinated the UK trial, 4 Day Week Global, had already carried out pilots in the US and Ireland, while the public sector in Iceland and companies in Spain, Sweden, Belgium, Japan and New Zealand have all tested the impact of a shorter workweek.

But the UK trial was the biggest yet, involving more than 60 firms and organisations. The final results were published on 21 February, and some of the companies are making bolder claims supporting what previous studies suggested: a shorter workweek could help the planet.

Juliet Schor, an economist and sociologist at Boston College and lead researcher at 4 Day Week Global who worked on both the UK and US pilots, argues that a shorter working week is key to achieving the carbon emissions reductions the world needs.

"Although climate benefits are the most challenging thing to measure, we have a lot of research showing that over time, as countries reduce hours of work, their carbon emissions fall," she says. A 10% reduction in hours is associated to an 8.6% fall in carbon footprint, according to a study co-authored by Schor in 2012.

A 10% decrease in commuting time was seen by the companies which took part in the UK trial, and a bigger 27% decrease was seen in the US trial (Credit: A W Helin/Getty Images)

One of the most important contributors to the climate benefits of four-day workweek is a fall in commuting. Data from the UK trial shared with Future Planet shows a 10% decrease over the pilot period, from 3.5 hours to 3.15 hours per week, for the companies which tracked commuting time. While this is a significant fall, savings could reach 15-20%, Schor says. In the 2022 US trial the decline was even bigger, from 3.56 to 2.59 hours a week (a 27% decrease).

Both the UK and US trails also found that many people spent the time saved from not commuting or working engaged in low-carbon activities, such as hiking or stay-at-home hobbies. The UK data also showed that the shift to a shorter workweek led to an increase in pro-environmental behaviours: participants in the trial spent more time volunteering for environmental causes, and were more careful with recycling and buying eco-friendly products.

"When people work less, they have more free time for sustainable activities which are often more time-intensive," says Stefanie Gerold, a researcher at Brandenburg University of Technology in Germany, not involved in the UK or US trials who has developed various working time reduction models implemented in Austrian companies.
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Volunteering increased among the employees of both Waterwise, a UK non-profit which participated in the UK trial, and crowdfunding platform Kickstarter, which took part in the US trial. Jon Leland, vice president and head of sustainability at Kickstarter, says he observed workers in the company becoming more engaged socially and civically.

And, sometimes, surprises show up. An unforeseen effect caught the eye of Tyler Grange during the UK trial: carbon emissions related to the sending and storage of data significantly dropped. Big data-storing centres can each consume the same amount of electricity as 50,000 homes, so that was another significant win. "The lack of [online] business traffic on Fridays could have a substantial impact on emissions, possibly even more important than the drop in commuting," Ursell says. While the company didn't track exact use of data, he suspects the drop came from the team "avoiding unnecessary internal comms".

Improving efficiency by avoiding overwork is the point of the four-day workweek. And efficiency is also about energy. More days off could result in more energy-efficient employees, says Laura White, projects and research manager at Waterwise. "People are mindful when they're at home, because they're ultimately paying the bill."

Among nearly all the companies who took part in the UK trial, the verdict was positive: the shorter workweek is a blessing for business, and the same goes for the environment. More work-free days for future is ideal for the planet, then? Not so fast.

Consultancy Tyler Grange noticed a drop in the carbon emissions related to data storage and sending during its four-day workweek trial (Credit: 10'000 Hours/Getty Images)

Some experts observe that a reduction in working hours might pose others risks for the environment.

Predicting how all people will use that extra day is tricky. People could jump on a highly polluting international flight to celebrate their fully paid Friday off. "A three-day weekend could lead to a greater consumption of carbon-intensive goods and services," says Anupam Nanda, professor of urban economics and real estate at the University of Manchester, UK. "If you end up taking a plane or driving a hundred miles for leisure activities, that can hardly help tackle the climate crisis."

Neither the UK nor US trials measured the full carbon impact of any additional activities people may have done due to their extra day off. But while Philipp Frey, a researcher at the Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis in Karlsruhe, Germany, and author of The Ecological Limits of Work, says he understands the concern of potential additional leisure emissions, he notes that it doesn't seem to be validated for now.

He notes that one study showed people in North America and Europe have a lower carbon footprint on weekend days (weekend emissions did not decrease in East Asia). Overall, Sunday emissions in North America and Europe were found to be 40% lower than the average, while weekday emissions were nearly 20% higher than the average.

Data from the US Energy Information Administration also shows people in the US burn nearly 10% less fossil fuels on weekends than they do on weekdays. So he believes shifting Friday from a weekday to a weekend day could represent a significant improvement in fossil fuel emissions. "These numbers show that the four-day week can really have a substantial impact," Leland says.

Some data from the trials appear to be relatively reassuring, too. The number of domestic leisure trips taken by workers involved in the UK pilot decreased by 5.5% in four weeks, while there was almost no change in the number of international flights taken for leisure. Meanwhile, the US study found no change in domestic leisure travel, but international leisure travel more than doubled, albeit from a low base.

Tyler Grange, Waterwise and Kickstarter all say that they didn't notice any increase in long-distance travel. But it is worth noting that all three companies view themselves as climate-oriented companies. "The environmental benefits were originally the reason why I reached out to the 4 Day Week campaign," says Leland from Kickstarter. Other companies' employees could prove less environmentally friendly when it comes to deciding how to spend their days off.

That's why underestimating the risk of an increase in leisure-related emissions isn't a good idea, says Gerold from Brandenburg University. "There is not much empirical evidence, you don't really know how people would use their extra time."

This means additional policies are needed to frame people's leisure time, says Gerold. Nanda agrees. "We should invest in green infrastructure," he says. "Eco-friendly facilities and neighbourhood green spaces should be created across urban areas too in order to encourage people to spend their free time in a sustainable way."

Three-day weekends could lead to more carbon-intensive leisure plans - like taking flights. But it could also be spent on lower carbon activities (Credit: Lander Loeckx/Alamy)

Still, despite the rising number of trials, there remains too little data to fully understand what the impact would be on the climate of moving to four days of work a week.

It can be hard to precisely measure some of the climate benefits due to other conflating factors. In 2022, for example, energy prices soared, making it harder to analyse the impact the four-day week had on any reductions seen in companies' energy consumption. "A six-month trial may not be enough in these cases," Schor says.

In any case, environmental concerns are not the main driver for many of the firms involved in the trials. That's why the climate impact didn't feature prominently in what was tracked compared to social and economic effects such as work-life balance and productivity.

Sometimes, companies are simply not aware there could be any benefits on climate. "I met very few companies that really thought about a four-day week as something that would have a positive impact on the environment," Ursell says.

Other employers simply have other priorities. "The climate benefits are there, but for most firms they don't feel as tangible," says KT McBratney, founder of OwnTrail, a tech startup that participated in the US trial. "It feels like a drop in the bucket."

More pilots are needed to get accurate data, she says. "Firms have a duty to join these initiatives to give a boost to the research."

But is the four-day week really something that every company can afford? "Practically speaking there's no downside, and it's feasible on a widespread basis," says Leland, but "it takes courage to do it".

Sometimes, employers only need a little push, and that's where government action comes into play. "Political action is needed in order to drive such a big change. National governments must show the way," says Frey. The Spanish government recently confirmed it will pay up to €150,000 ($159,000/£133,000) to small and medium enterprises that test the four-day week.

Government support could materialise in other ways too, says Frey, such as reducing by law the maximum limit of work hours, or acting as a pioneer itself. "The public sector is one of the biggest employers in all European countries," he says. "If it offers a four-day week, private companies will have to stay competitive to attract employees."

Still, the more companies that themselves venture into this territory, the more governments will be pressed to act. "These pilot programmes are really important to push the political agenda, especially if climate benefits enter the conversation," says Gerold.

The four-day week also has an edge over many other climate solutions: it's not perceived as a sacrifice. "A shorter workweek with no loss in pay is joyful, " says Leland. "It's something that we all want."

--
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The climate benefits of a four-day workweek

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In 2011, Simon Ursell and the three other co-founders of newly born environmental consultancy Tyler Grange based in Gloucestershire, UK, decided to give all their workers a day off a month to volunteer. They had found that many of their new employees already spent their free time volunteering in wildlife trusts.

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Dansk virksomhed har indført en 4-dages, 30-timers arbejdsuge uden nedgang i løn :0)

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Dansk virksomhed har indført en 4-dages, 30-timers arbejdsuge uden nedgang i løn :0)

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"Vi oplever en højere tilfredshed, mindre sygefravær, stress og ikke mindst at det har positiv effekt på omsætningen. Glade og motiverede medarbejdere er effektive medarbejdere. Tanken om den gode medarbejder rykker i denne proces væk fra de lange arbejdsdage mod, hvad medarbejderen faktisk får udrettet i løbet af dagen. Det handler om kvaliteten af de timer, der arbejdes, ikke kvantiteten.", siger de om tiltaget.

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Galt eller genialt? Vi er ikke i tvivl – det er helt genialt. Men læs meget mere om, hvilke tiltag vi har gjort og hvilken positiv betydning, som det har haft for vores medarbejdere, at de kun skal arbejde fire dage om ugen. om 4 dages arbejdsuge IIH Nordics mission er at skabe værdi igennem […]

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Vi bliver ældre, og pensionsalderen rykker sig.

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Kritik af de politikere, der vil have danskerne til at arbejde mere. 

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Kritik af de politikere, der vil have danskerne til at arbejde mere. 

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Det er korrekt, at den gennemsnitlige arbejdstid er mindre i Danmark, end den er i mange andre lande. Til gengæld er den høj per familie, da næsten alle kvinder er på arbejdsmarkedet og på lige fod med mænd.

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Svend Brinkmann: Det er kun fantasiløse politikere, der vil have os til at arbejde mere

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Der er næsten ingen arbejdsløse, og der er strammet op på dagpengeperioden, kontanthjælpen og pensionsalderen. Ifølge statsministeren er der nu kun tilbage at få folk, der allerede arbejder, til at arbejde endnu mere. Men det er politisk fantasiløst, for selvfølgelig er der alternativer, skriver Svend Brinkmann. 

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Kan det vise sig at være bedre for samfundet, at folk arbejder mindre?

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Kan det vise sig at være bedre for samfundet, at folk arbejder mindre?

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For her kan man måske få tid til at yde velfærd til dem omkring én og prioritere at gøre mere for den grønne omstilling.

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Jeg yder mere til vores samfund ved at arbejde mindre

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Nu, hvor jeg arbejder 30 timer, har jeg overskud til at hjælpe min familie og mine venner, spise grønt, forurene mindre og passe på min fysiske og mentale sundhed. Alt det overser Socialdemokratiet

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Tre ud af fire danskere er tilfredse med deres arbejdstid. 

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Tre ud af fire danskere er tilfredse med deres arbejdstid. 

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Flere ønsker dog at arbejde mindre, end andelen der ønsker at arbejde mere.

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Tre ud af fire er tilfredse med deres arbejdstid

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Tre ud af fire beskæftigede er tilfredse med deres normale arbejdstid, der i gennemsnit er 34 timer ugentligt. 6 pct. af de beskæftigede, svarende til omkring 168.

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Flere og flere ønsker en kortere arbejdsuge

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Flere og flere ønsker en kortere arbejdsuge

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Det har vist sig, at flere akademikere ønsker kun at arbejde 4 dage om ugen i stedet for de normale 5. En 4-dages arbejdsuge er stadig 37 timer, men med en længere arbejdsdag fordelt på en kortere arbejdsuge <3

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Langt de fleste akademikere ønsker 4-dages arbejdsuge

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Fire ud af fem højtuddannede vil gerne have en kortere arbejdsuge.

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"rigtigt" arbejde drukner i administrative opgaver 

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"rigtigt" arbejde drukner i administrative opgaver 

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spørgeskema fra 2016 viser at amerikanske arbejdere bruger 4 ud af 8 timer på at udføre deres "rigtige" arbejde. De restererende 4 timer går med administrative opgaver som mails, ligegyldige møder og registrering osv.

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Are You in a BS Job? In Academe, You’re Hardly Alone - David Graeber

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Flere administrative medarbejdere i den offentlige sektor 

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Flere administrative medarbejdere i den offentlige sektor 

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en af grundende til at der ikke er hænder nok i velfærdssektoren er grundet alt det dokumentationsarbejde som i højere grad er blevet knyttet til at have et velfærdsarbejde. Her mener en lektor at der skal ansættes flere medarbejdere, som kun tager sig af det administrative arbejde, så fx sygeplejersker / plejere kan fokusere på at udføre deres egentlig job.

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Lektor: Administrative medarbejdere er svaret på tidens store velfærdskrise

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Det kan lyde paradoksalt, men løsningen på manglende fagprofessionelle kan faktisk være flere administrative medarbejdere til at skabe rammerne for, at fagprofessionelle kan lykkes med deres kerneopgave, skriver Niels Borch Rasmussen.

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 stigmatisering af antiwork bevægelsen gennem historien 

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 stigmatisering af antiwork bevægelsen gennem historien 

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I Nazi Tyskland blev folk der nægtede at arbejde kaldt "work-shy" - de blev fængslet og sendt i koncentrationslejre

ordet Kynisme stammer fra den gamle græske filosofi under samme navn, hvor man mente at menneskets lykke ikke beror på ydre faktorer som fx rigdom man kunne opnå gennem arbejde, men at vi skulle leve i fællesskab og overflod.

Der opstod et modsvar til kynismens verdenssyn som udskammede kynismens tilhængere, de blev blandt andet kaldt hunde (som kommer af ordet kyon) fordi man mente at de afviste samfundets konventionelle regler om at arbejde.

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En essay samling udgivet i 1935 der argumentere for at hvis arbejder var spredt ud over alle ville det forkorte arbejddagene, skabe færre arbejdløse og generelt hæve menneskelig glæde igennem den ekstra fritid og dermed også skaber en øget vækst i kunst- og den videnskabelige verden

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Flere arbejder deltid trods debat om arbejdstid

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Ifølge tal, som Berlingske har set, vil færre arbejde 48 timer eller mere om uger.

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Chefer der har lavere teknisk forståelse end dem selv

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Chefer der har lavere teknisk forståelse end dem selv

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Frustrerende for Gen z og milennials at deres chefer i Gen x and above er dårlige til helt almindelige dele af deres job. En følelse af "hvorfor bliver du betalt så meget bedre end mig når du ikke kan de mest basic ting"

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Just sent you that powerpoint excel.pdf #boss #worklife #office #technology #girlboss #relatable #fyp

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Udgivet i 1970. En sang der er en kommentar på forskellen på forskellige socialeklasser og om hvordan arbejderklassen bliver undertrykt

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WORKING CLASS HERO. (Ultimate Mix, 2020) - John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (official music video HD)

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Antiwork Is the New American Dream • Bitches Get Riches

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More and more people are refusing this intolerable culture of secrecy, shame, and despair around money and mental health. This is antiwork.