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n linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase.

A pronoun must match its noun in both type and form. For example, an object pronoun (me, you, us, them, her, him, it) must replace a noun that functions as a direct object. The same goes for subject pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns.

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A preposition is a word or group of words used to link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. Some examples of prepositions are single words like in, at, on, of, to, by and with or phrases such as in front of, next to, instead of.

Here are some typical examples of prepositional use errors:

Incorrect: “The delivery got there just on time.”

Correct: “The delivery got there just in time.”

Incorrect: “It depends from the time.”

Correct: “It depends on the time.”

Incorrect: “This newspaper says something different than that one.”

Correct: “This newspaper says something different from/to that one.”

Incorrect: “That’s the difference of taking classes and not taking classes.”

Correct: “Different between taking classes and not taking classes.”

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A verb is a word that in syntax generally conveys an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive. In many languages, verbs are inflected to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice.

For some examples:

I washed the car yesterday.

The dog ate my homework.

I will go to the store.

John studies English and French.

Lucy enjoys listening to music.

Barack Obama became the President of the United States in 2009. (occurrence)

Mike Trout is a center fielder. (state of being)

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An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or level of certainty by answering questions such as how, in what way, when, where, to what extent.

Adverb examples

really, very.

well, badly.

today, yesterday, everyday, etc.

sometimes, often, rarely, etc.

early, late, soon, etc.

here, there, everywhere, etc.

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A noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

Examples

The cat sat on the chair.

Please hand in your assignments by the end of the week.

Cleanliness is next to godliness.

Plato was an influential philosopher in ancient Greece.